中国DOS联盟

老师：
小程序lmod.com，是什么，它的功用和 UNIX 下的sed是不是相似，lmod查字典查不到e文含义，它在批处理中是如何运用的。
谢谢！

是一个批处理增强工具，可利用论坛搜索功能搜索其他相关帖子这是他的帮助文件：------------------------------------------------------------------------
LMOD Filter Utility Ver 1.3 (c) 2002 Horst Schaeffer
------------------------------------------------------------------------"LMOD" stands for "line modification" or "list modification". LMOD is a DOS filter (STDIN/STDOUT). If you are not familiar with
DOS input/output redirection, pls. read FILTER.TXT.LMOD extracts data from an input source (STDIN): from redirected DOS
screen output, for example, or from any file. The extracted information
is inserted into a given text or command string, and sent to STDOUT
for redirection into a file.What to insert is specified by tokens in square brackets: You may
extract a complete line, part of it (starting column, size) or a word
(by number), even several items from a source line in any order. And
this will be done either for a single line, or for a given range of
lines of the input source.What you can do with LMOD: * set environmental variables with information from (DOS) screen
output, like DIR, DATE..
* get keyboard input
* generate a command using extracted input data
* generate a list of commands for each item of a given (file) list
* extract (and modify) range of lines from a file
* modify lists or tables, arrange columnsA simple example: CD | LMOD cd > %temp%\return.bat The CD command output (the current directory path) is piped to LMOD,
which generates a new CD command where the square brackets are
replaced with the piped string. The new command is sent to a batch
file for later use.To assign extracted data to an environmental variable, redirect a SET
command (or SETX / WINSET) to a temporary batch file, and CALL it.
This method will work under all DOS versions, including Windows NT and
2000, which do not allow the manipulation of the COMMAND environment to
set variables (as done by tools like NSET).Example: CD | LMOD set currdir= > %temp%\temp.bat
call %temp%\temp.batNote:
If there is no input by pipe or redirection, the input is read from
the keyboard.
If there is no output redirection, the output will show on the
screen (handy for testing).Special LMOD features: * change case for extracted data
* use tabs (to specified column) for formatted output
* right aligned output fields (e.g. for numeric strings)
* insert CR+LF to produce several output lines for each input line
* omit CR+LF at end of the output line, to append to same line later
* insert line number (to generate file names, for example)
* insert characters by ASCII code or in quote marks
Syntax
------
LMOD options string_with_tokens
LMOD /? (shows help screen)Options are used to specify the line(s) to select, or the separators
for "words" (details see below). The string begins with the first non
blank character succeeding the options (i.e. blank spaces ignored).Tokens are expressions in square brackets.
Token expressions for input extraction
--------------------------------------
General format:
---------------
p,l field to cut out by position and length
$n word reference by number (see below)
U|L case conversion
Rs right alignment All specifications are optional. An empty token refers to
the full input line. Blank spaces are ignored in expression.
p,l FIELD: starting column p (1...), length l, separated by comma. Example: extracts field starting at column 14, length=8 Defaults:
If no length is specified, the rest of the line is taken.
Example: extracts rest of line starting position 14. If no position is given either, the complete input line is taken.
Example: CD | LMOD The current directory is "" Note: Leading spaces are preserved. Trailing spaces are always
removed from the inserted field.
$n WORD: number n (preceded by a $-sign), default number: 1. This will extract the 1st, 2nd, 3rd.. word from the input line.
Example: extracts the 6th word. If a field is also specified, the extraction is limited to this
field.
Example: takes the 2nd word from the part of the line
starting column 14. You may specify either a field or a word (number) or both. For separators and special quote handling see section below.
Word numbers are accepted in the range of 1 to 99 (two digits).
An exclamation mark refers to the last word. In addition to the word number an offset (plus/minus) may be
specified, e.g. $!-1 (one before the last word), or $%var%+2
A negative or zero reference will be corrected to $1. Note: leading and trailing spaces, as well as delimiters, are
always removed when "words" are extracted.$n:m Range: word n thru m, e.g. $2:4 or $!-3:! (last 4 words).
If the second reference (m) is before the first one (n), it will
be ignored. One blank space is inserted between words. Note: is the same as:
U|L CASE: upper|lower case conversion Example: echo %string% | LMOD set string= > temp.bat Conversion includes extended ASCII characters of the standard
DOS character set (cp 437).
See CASE103.PAT for country specific modifications.
Rs ALIGNMENT: for right aligned string in output field of size n.
(The size defaults to the source field size, if specified.)
This will (re)produce formatted output of numeric strings
in right aligned columns. Example: < list.txt LMOD ........ Note: the alignment only works if the input field is NOT larger
than the size given by the Rs parameter.
Special output tokens
---------------------
Tab to position n (1...) in the output line, inserting blank
spaces up to the specified column.
This token has no effect, if the output has already passed the
specified position. Insert CR+LF (more than one output line may be generated for
each input line). Omit CR+LF at the end of the output. Should be placed at the
end of the output string, because the rest will be ignored. Insert line number
Three digits are used by default, starting 001 for the first
output line. (Actually, the output units will be numbered:
a unit may be broken into several physical lines by tokens.) The starting value can be preset by option /N. Example: /N00007
This will also define the number of digits used (max 9 allowed). insert character with ASCII code n (decimal) insert character(s) that may conflict with the DOS command line
handling, unless enclosed in quote marks. Example: or
. The quote marks will be removed.In case you need the "







> %temp%\temp.bat ... will take line 6 of the DIR output with the (first) file
listed, and extract the date tag at column 29. dir *.* /b | LMOD /L* ren "" ""> %temp%\temp.bat ... will rename all files to lower case (LFN's assumed)Empty lines:Usually it makes no sense to produce any output for empty lines, so
LMOD doesn't by default. Note however, that LMOD first locates the
physical lines as specified (empty lines do count!). Only empty lines
within the given range are dropped.When a single line is specified, LMOD will give you the first non-empty
line starting at the given line number. Note that the default is /L1,
i.e. without the /L option the first non-empty line is taken./E Option to deactivate the special handling of empty lines
Extracting words
----------------
Words are separated by blank space. In addition the following separators
are defined by default (same as for batch file parameters): comma, semicolon, equal signCustom separators by option:/S.... This option deactivates the standard separators except blank
space. Instead, the following symbols (if any), up to a blank
space, are taken as new separators. If you need any of the
standard separators, you must specify them again.
Example: LMOD /S,# ..output string../B... Same as /S, but the blank space separator is also deactivatedSeparators are always stripped from the input before words are inserted
into the output line.Note that a word does not have to consist of letters. Anything, numbers
or symbols as well, may be "words" if enclosed in separators. Watch the
comma in numeric strings!
Quote handling
--------------
Quoted strings (only "double" quote marks) in an input line are regarded
as ONE word, though they may include blank spaces and other separators.
The quote marks will be stripped. Note that this special quote handling
is only applied, when words are extracted.Example:
assumed input: ONE "TWO THREE" FOUR
produces: TWO THREE
"" makes: "TWO THREE" (quote marks restored)
will be: FOURIn case you do not want the special quote handling, define the quote
mark as additional separator (option /S or /B). It is recommended to
specify two quote marks, especially when there are more occurrences of
quote marks in the command line. You should always have balanced pairs
of quote marks to avoid misinterpretation by COMMAND.COM.Example: LMOD /S,"" Output "" > file.2
TAB's in input file
-------------------
If there are TAB codes (Ctrl+I) in the input file, they will be expanded
to the appropriate number of blank spaces before any action. Take this
into account for field extraction (position, size) as well as for
separator handling.
Leading and trailing spaces
---------------------------
When words are extracted, all leading and trailing blank spaces are
removed. For fields (position, length) or when the complete line is
taken, only trailing spaces are removed; leading spaces remain!Any blank spaces within the output string (as given in the command line)
are preserved. In addition you may use the TAB token to insert spaces
up to a given column, or the right alignment of output fields.Important:
Trailing spaces at the end of the output are also removed. This will
avoid accidental spaces in an environmental variable when you produce a
SET command.Examples: echo set X=A > temp.bat (result: "A "
echo set X=A> temp.bat (result: "A"
echo A | LMOD set X= > temp.bat (result: "A"Only when you produce an output without CR/LF, the spaces before the
token will remain.Example: echo A | LMOD set X= > temp.bat (result: "A "
Notes
-----
The file size is not limited. Maximum line size (in/out): 2Kb,
Errorlevel 0: ok, 1: invalid token/expression, 2: invalid options
Remember to delete temporary files.
Examples (assuming WIN9x/english, LFN's)
----------------------------------------(1) Set environmental variable to volume label of drive A: VOL A: | LMOD set LABEL= > %temp%\temp.bat
call %temp%\temp.bat(2) Make batch file to restore current drive and directory later
(generating 2 output lines): CD | LMOD cd "" > %temp%\POPDIR.BAT(3) Keyboard input LMOD /E set INPUT= > %temp%\temp.bat
call %temp%\temp.bat Note: if you want to allow an empty input string, you must use
option /E. Otherwise LMOD ignores empty lines, and the input will
have to be terminated by Ctrl+"Z" in this case.(4) CHDIR to the directory of a given file with unknown path (%fn%),
using DIR header information in line 4: dir "%fn%" | LMOD /L4 cd "" > %temp%\temp.bat (To be honest, there is an easier way: CD "%fn%\.."(5) Day of week and date to a log file: echo.| DATE | LMOD Updated: , >> some.log(6) Date and time into a single line: echo.| DATE | LMOD Updated: , >> some.log
echo.| TIME | LMOD at >> some.log(7) Get (short) extension of file %fname% (which may include path): dir "%fname%" | LMOD /L6 set EXT=> %temp%\temp.bat
call %temp%\temp.bat With the same method you can extract the (short) filename without
extension, or the size, date/time tag, LFN..(8) Rename a file (name may include path) to lower case: dir %fname% /b | LMOD ren "%fname%" "" > %temp%\temp.bat
call %temp%\temp.bat Note that DIR /b lists filenames without path, unless option /s
is used in addition.(9) Rename all files in %folder% to lower case: dir "%folder%" /b/a-d| LMOD /L* ren "%folder%\" ""> %temp%\temp.bat
call %temp%\temp.bat
Syntax summary (see: LMOD /?)
-----------------------------
LMOD options string_with_tokensOptions:
/Ln line to select (default: first non blank line)
/L* all lines
/E include empty input lines (default: no output)
/S.. delimiters for word extraction, instead of default (,;=)
/B.. as /S, but excluding blank space as delimiter
/Nn starting number (for token ), default: /N001Insert from source line (expression in square brackets):
default : complete line
p,l from position p, length l (default rest of line)
$n word number n (! for last word), optional offset
$n:m for range n thru m
U|L convert to upper|lower case
Rn right aligned in output field of size nOther tokens:
insert CR+LF
omit CR+LF at end of output
line number (digits acc. to option, default:3)
tab to position n in output line
ASCII code n (decimal)
quoted char/string (e.g. for redirection symbols)----
LMOD is freeware by Horst Schaeffer - no warranties of any kind
Contact - E-Mail: horst.schaeffer@gmx.net= 04 DEC 2002

好恐怖的英文啊，想用它替nset.