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cd change the current directory
cls clear the screencopy copy filesdel delete filesdeltree delete a directory treedir list filenamesdiskcopy copy disksedit text editorformat format a diskmd create a subdirectorymem view memory statusmore display by screenfulsmove move files, rename directoriesrd delete a directoryren change a filenametype display file contentsys make a DOS system diskxcopy copy directories and files
attrib set file attributeschkdsk check the diskdate display and modify the datedefrag disk defragmentationdoskey recall DOS commandsemm386 extended memory managementfdisk hard disk partitioninghelp helplabel set the volume labellh load a program into upper memorymemmaker memory optimization managementmsd system detectionpath set the search directoryprempt set the promptrestore restore backup filestime display and modify the timescandisk check and repair the diskset set environment variablessmartdrv set the disk acceleratorundelete recover deleted filesless commonly used
　
append set the path for non-executable filesdebug random debugging programdiskcomp disk comparisonexpand restore DOS filesfasthelp quickly display help informationfc file comparisoninterink start the serverintersvr start the clientqbasic Basic integrated environmentsetver set versionshare file sharingsubst path substitutiontree list the directory treeunformat recover a formatted diskvsafe antivirusver display the DOS version numbervol display the disk volume labelctty change the control device

Common internal commands DOS internal commands are the basis of DOS operation. Below is an introduction to some common DOS internal commands. 1. DIR
Meaning: displays information about all files or directories on the specified path
Format: DIR
Parameters:
/W: wide display, shows 5 filenames per row, and will not show information such as modification time and file size;
/P: paged display; when the screen cannot display all the information at once, this can be used for page-by-page display;
/A: display files with special attributes;
/S: display all files in the current directory and its subdirectories.
Example: DIR /P
This will display the files in the current directory one screen at a time. At the bottom of the current screen there is a prompt “Press any key to continue . . .”, meaning press any key to continue. 2. CD
Meaning: enter the specified directory
Format: CD
Example: CD DOS
The CD command can only enter directories on the current drive. Among them, “CD\” returns to the root directory, and “CD..” returns to the previous-level directory. 3. MD
Meaning: create a directory
Format: MD
Example: MD TEMP
This means creating a directory named TEMP on the current drive. 4. RD
Meaning: delete a directory
Format: RD
Example: RD TEMP
This means deleting the TEMP directory under the current path. Note that this command can only delete empty directories. 5. COPY
Meaning: copy files
Format: COPY
Example 1: COPY C:\*.COM D:\" means copying all files with the extension COM from the root directory of drive C to the root directory of drive D.
Example 2: COPY C:\autoexec.bat C:\autoexec.bak
This means copying the file autoexec.bat into a file with the extension BAK. Enter the DIR command and you can see this change. 6. DEL
Meaning: delete files
Format: DEL
Example: DEL C:\ *.BAK /P
This means deleting all files with the extension BAK in the current directory. The parameter /P makes the user get a delete confirmation prompt for each file when deleting multiple files. 7. SYS
Meaning: transfer system files command.
Format: SYS
Example: SYS C: A:
This command will transfer the system to drive A. After the transfer is successful, drive A will become a bootable system disk.

Common external commands DOS external commands are application programs. These external commands all exist as files. The DOS external commands of the Windows system are stored in the Command directory under the Windows main directory. Below is an introduction to several common DOS external commands. 1. EDIT
Meaning: a simple editing program, which can be used to edit some programs and batch files.
Format: EDIT
Example: EDIT C:\Autoexec.bat
After entering this command, the editor will open. After entering the file contents in editing mode, press Alt+F to activate the File menu, press the down arrow to select Exit, and it will ask whether to save the content just entered. If you want to save, just enter Y or press Enter directly. 2. FORMAT
Meaning: format command, can complete the formatting of floppy disks and hard disks.
Format: FORMAT
Example: FORMAT A: /S/Q
This command will format drive A. The parameter /Q means quick format, and /S means that after formatting is complete, the system boot files will be copied to the disk, so this software can be used as a DOS boot disk. During the formatting process, the screen will display the percentage completed. After formatting is complete, it will prompt you to give the disk a name, and finally it will also report the disk's total space and available space, etc. 3. XCOPY
Meaning: copy command
Format: XCOPY
Example: XCOPY C:\ABC D:\ /s
After executing this command, the C:\ABC directory and all files in that directory will be copied to the root directory of drive D. XCOPY is an enhanced version of COPY and can copy multiple subdirectories. The most commonly used parameter is /S, which can copy all subdirectories under one directory. 4. DELTREE
Meaning: delete directory tree
Format: DELTREE
Example: DELTREE ARE
This means deleting the ARE subdirectory under the current path. After execution it will ask for confirmation; press Y and it will be deleted.

wmimgmt.msc----open Windows Management Infrastructure (WMI) 　　wupdmgr--------Windows Update program 　　wscript--------Windows Script Host settings 　　write----------WordPad 　　winmsd---------system information 　　wiaacmgr-------scanner and camera wizard 　　winchat--------XP built-in LAN chat 　　mem.exe--------display memory usage 　　Msconfig.exe---system configuration utility 　　mplayer2-------simple widnows media player 　　mspaint--------Paint 　　mstsc----------Remote Desktop Connection 　　mplayer2-------media player 　　magnify--------Magnifier utility 　　mmc------------open the console 　　mobsync--------synchronization command 　　dxdiag---------check DirectX information 　　drwtsn32------ system doctor 　　devmgmt.msc--- Device Manager 　　dfrg.msc-------Disk Defragmenter 　　diskmgmt.msc---disk management utility 　　dcomcnfg-------open system component services 　　ddeshare-------open DDE sharing settings 　　dvdplay--------DVD player 　　net stop messenger-----stop Messenger service 　　net start messenger----start Messenger service 　notepad--------open Notepad 　　nslookup-------network management tool wizard 　　ntbackup-------system backup and restore 　　narrator-------screen “Narrator” 　　ntmsmgr.msc----Removable Storage Manager 　　ntmsoprq.msc---Removable Storage Operator Requests 　　netstat -an----(TC) command check interfaces 　　syncapp--------create a briefcase 　　sysedit--------System Configuration Editor 　　sigverif-------file signature verification program 　　sndrec32-------Sound Recorder 　　shrpubw--------create shared folder 　　secpol.msc-----local security policy 　　syskey---------system encryption, once encrypted it cannot be undone, protects the double password of the windows xp system 　　services.msc---local services settings 　　Sndvol32-------Volume Control program 　　sfc.exe--------System File Checker 　　sfc /scannow---windows file protection 　　tsshutdn-------60-second countdown shutdown command 　　tourstart------xp introduction (the roaming xp program that appears after installation is completed) 　　taskmgr--------Task Manager
　eventvwr-------Event Viewer 　　eudcedit-------character creation program 　　explorer-------open Explorer 　　packager-------object packager 　　perfmon.msc----computer performance monitor 　　progman--------Program Manager 　　regedit.exe----registry　　rsop.msc-------Resultant Set of Policy 　　regedt32-------Registry Editor　　rononce -p ----shutdown in 15 seconds　　regsvr32 /u *.dll----stop dll files from running　　regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll------cancel ZIP support 　　cmd.exe--------CMD command prompt 　　chkdsk.exe-----Chkdsk disk check　　certmgr.msc----certificate management utility 　　calc-----------start Calculator 　　charmap--------start Character Map 　　cliconfg-------SQL SERVER client network utility 　　Clipbrd--------Clipboard Viewer 　　conf-----------start netmeeting 　　compmgmt.msc---Computer Management 　　cleanmgr-------junk cleanup 　　ciadv.msc------Indexing Service program 　　osk------------open on-screen keyboard 　　odbcad32-------ODBC data source manager 　　oobe/msoobe /a----check whether XP is activated 　　lusrmgr.msc----local users and groups 　　logoff---------logoff command 　　iexpress-------trojan bundling tool, built into the system 　　Nslookup-------IP address detector 　　fsmgmt.msc-----shared folders manager 　　utilman--------utility manager 　　gpedit.msc-----Group Policy