China DOS Union

I wasn't sure which section was appropriate for this, but since it includes CD boot content, I put it here.

1.-rb
Automatically reboot when this Ghost operation finishes and exits. This way, when copying a system, you can safely walk away.

2.-fx
When this Ghost operation finishes and exits, automatically return to the DOS prompt.

3.-sure
Answer “Yes” to all confirmation prompts or warnings. This parameter is somewhat dangerous, and is only recommended for advanced users.

4.-fro
If bad clusters are found in the source partition, skip the prompt and force the copy. This parameter can be used to try to rescue data from bad sectors on the hard disk.

5.@filename
Specify a txt file in filename. The txt file contains additional Ghost parameters, so you are not limited by the 150-character DOS command line limit.

6.-f32
Convert the source FAT16 partition to FAT32 after copying it (provided the target partition is not smaller than 2G). WinNT4 and Windows95, 97 users should use this carefully.

7.-bootcd
When directly backing up files to a CD, this option can make the CD bootable. This process requires inserting a boot disk.

8.-fatlimit
Limit NT FAT16 partitions to 2G. This parameter is very useful when copying a WindowsNT partition and you do not want to use FAT16 with 64k/cluster.

9.-span
Volume-splitting parameter. When space is insufficient, it prompts you to copy to another backup package in another partition.

10.-auto
When doing split-volume copying, automatically assign a filename and continue without prompting.

11.-crcignore
Ignore CRCERROR in the backup package. Do not use this parameter unless you need to rescue data from the backup package, in order to avoid data errors.

12.-ia
Full image. Ghost will back up all partitions on the hard disk one by one.

13.-ial
Full image, similar to the -ia parameter, backing up Linux partitions one by one.

14.-id
Full image. Similar to the -ia parameter, but includes partition boot information.

15.-quiet
Disable status updates and user intervention during operation.

16.-script
Can execute multiple Ghost command lines. The command lines are stored in the specified file.

17.-span
Enable spanning for image files.

18.-split=x
　　Split the backup package into multiple volumes, each volume being x MB. This function is very practical for copying large backup packages to removable storage devices, for example copying a 1.9G backup package onto 3 recordable discs.

19.-z
　　Compress when saving the contents of a disk or partition to an image file. -z or -z1 means low compression (fast); -z2 means high compression (medium speed); -z3 to -z9 increase the compression ratio in sequence (and become slower in sequence).

20.-clone
　　This is the core parameter for implementing unattended Ghost backup/restore. The syntax is:
-clone,MODE=(operation),SRC=(source),DST=(destination),
This parameter line is relatively complex, and there must be no spaces between the parameters.
　　operation means the type of operation, and can be:
copy: disk to disk;
load: file to disk;
dump: disk to file;
pcopy: partition to partition;
pload: file to partition;
pdump: partition to file.
　　Source means the source of the operation. It can be: a drive number, starting from 1; or a filename, in which case an absolute path must be written.
　　Destination means the target location. It can be: a drive number, starting from 1; or a filename, in which case an absolute path must be written; @CDx, a burner, where x indicates the burner's drive number, starting from 1.

Examples below:
Command-line parameter: ghostpe.exe-clone,mode=copy,src=1,dst=2
Completed operation: copy local disk 1 to local disk 2.

Command-line parameter: ghostpe.exe-clone,mode=pcopy,src=1:2,dst=2:1
Completed operation: copy the second partition on local disk 1 to the first partition on local disk 2.

Command-line parameter: ghostpe.exe-clone,mode=load,src=g:\3prtdisk.gho,dst=1,sze1=450M,sze2=1599M,sze3=2047M
Completed operation: load disk 1 from the image file, and resize the first partition to 450MB, the second to 1599MB, and the third to 2047MB.

Command-line parameter: ghostpe.exe-clone,mode=pdump,src2:1:4:6,dst=d:\prt246.gho
Completed operation: create an image file containing only the selected partitions. Select partitions 1, 4, and 6 from disk 2.

Once you understand these parameters, you can easily implement unattended Ghost backup/copy/restore. Go make yourself a cup of coffee.

Some examples:
ghost.exe-clone,mode=copy,src=1,dst=2-sure
Hard disk to hard disk copy

ghost.exe-clone,mode=pcopy,src=1:2,dst=2:1-sure
Copy the second partition of hard disk 1 to the first partition of hard disk 2

ghost.exe-clone,mode=pdump,src=1:2,dst=g:\bac.gho
Make the second partition of hard disk 1 into an image file and place it in partition G

ghost.exe-clone,mode=pload,src=g:\bac.gho:2,dst=1:2
From an image file containing two partitions, restore the second partition to the second partition of the hard disk

ghost.exe-clone,mode=pload,src=g:\bac.gho,dst=1:1-fx-sure-rb
Use the bac.gho file on drive G to restore drive C. When finished, display no information and boot directly.

ghost.exe-clone,mode=load,src=g:\bac.gho,dst=2,SZE1=60P,SZE2=40P
Restore the image file to the second hard disk, and change the partition size ratio to 60:40

Restoring a disk:
　　First make a boot disk containing Config.sys,Autoexec.bat,Command.com,Io.sys,Ghost.exe (this can be done with the Windows program for making boot disks).
Autoexec.bat can contain the following command:
Ghost.exe-clone,mode=pload,src=d:\bac.gho,dst=1:1-fx-sure-rb
Automatically restore using the file on drive D, then automatically exit ghost and reboot.
Or
ghost.exe-clone,mode=pdump,src=1:1,dst=d:\bac.gho-fx-sure-rb
Automatically back up drive C at boot, generating the backup file bac.gho in drive D.

Restoring from CD:
Files included: Config.sys,Autoexec.bat,Mscdex.exe(CDROM execution program),Oakcdrom.sys(ATAPICDROM compatible driver),Ghost.exe

Config.sys contents:
DEVICE=OAKCDROM.SYS/D:IDECD001

Autoexec.bat contents:
MSCDEX.EXE/D:IDECE001/L:Z
Ghost-clone,mode=load,src=z:\bac.gho,dst=1:1-sure-rb

You can modify the examples according to the detailed explanation below
-clone must be used with parameters, and it is also the most practical one among all switch{batchswitch}. Below are the parameters defined by clone:

-clone,
mode={copy|load|dump|pcopy|pload|pdump},
src={drive|file|driveartition},
dst={drive|file|driveartition}
mode specifies which command provided by clone is to be used
copy hard disk to hard disk copy(disktodiskcopy)
load restore file to hard disk(filetodiskload)
dump make hard disk into an image file(disktofiledump)
pcopy partition to partition copy(partitiontopartitioncopy)
pload restore file to partition(filetopartitionload)
pdump back up partition into an image file（partitiontofiledump)

src specifies the source partition location mode used when ghost runs and its meaning:
mode command corresponding mode command src parameter example
COPY/DUMP
Source disk number.
1 represents the first hard disk
LOAD image filename
g:/back98/setup98.gho or device name(drive）
PCOPY/PDUMP
Source partition number.
1:2 means the second partition of hard disk 1
PLOAD partition image filename plus partition number, or drive name plus partition number.
g:\back98\setup98.gho:2 represents the second partition in the image file
dst the target location mode used when Ghost runs and its meaning:
mode command corresponding mode command dst parameter example
COPY/DUMP target disk number.
2 represents the second hard disk
LOAD hard disk image filename.
For example g:\back98\setup98.gho
PCOPY/PLOAD target partition number.
2:2 represents the second partition of hard disk 2
PDUMP partition image filename plus partition number.
g:\back98\setup98.gho:2
SZEn specifies the size of the target partition to be used
n=xxxxM specifies that destination partition n has a size of xxxxMBSZE2=800M means partition 2 has a size of 800MB
n=mmP specifies that destination partition n has a size equal to mm percent of the entire hard disk.
Other parameters
-fxo when bad blocks appear in the source object, force the copy to continue
-fx when ghost finishes working on the new system, do not display "pressctrl-alt-deltoreboot" and return directly to DOS
-ia perform a complete sector-to-sector copy. When copying a partition from an image file or from another hard disk, Ghost will first check the source partition, then decide whether to copy files and directory structures or perform image copying (sector-to-sector). This is the default form. But sometimes, certain locations on the hard disk may contain hidden files related to system security. Only sector-to-sector copying can copy them correctly
-pwdand-pwd=x encrypt the image file
-rb reboot the system after restore or copy is completed
-sure can be used together with clone. Ghost will not display the prompt "proceedwithdiskclone-destinationdrivewillbeoverwritten?"
〔Don't put this explanation on the floppy disk, there's only 11K space left on it〕
I wrote an explanation. This is a really good thing—people who don't know how to use ghost can use it too. Delete all the stuff from the win98
boot disk, then copy and paste the files obtained after extraction onto the floppy disk and it can be
used. You can also use NERO to burn it into a bootable CD. Set the bois to boot from floppy or CD,
and you can see three menus:
1。Clone.backupyoursystem(c drive backed up as an image to drive E）
2.RestoreHDfromHD(image on drive E restored to c drive〕
3.RestoreCDfromCD〔CD image restored to c drive〕
The wait time is 30 seconds. Use the up and down arrow keys to select one, press Enter, and ghost will complete fully automatically. Very convenient. The image filename on drive F or the CD must be System.gho. The image file generated by the program uses this name; if not, it must be changed to System.gho, otherwise the program cannot recognize it.
4. If your operating system is not on drive C, and the backup drive is not drive E either, you can modify it. Here's an example. C drive〔NTFS〕D drive〔NTFS〕E drive〔NTFS〕F drive〔NTFS〕H〔NTFS〕
I〔NTFS〕C:E:F: are on the first hard disk, H:I: are on the second hard disk. Drive I has XP installed on it, 〔the system partition is the XP on drive I〕 and the backup
drive is drive E. Then right-click the downloaded AUTOEXE batch file, click Edit, and you can see this content:
:Clone
ghost2k3-sure-clone,mode=pdump,src=1:1,dst=E:\system.gho-z9-span-split=680
GOTOQUIT
:RestoreHD
ghost2k3-sure-rb-clone,mode=pload,src=E:\system.gho:1,dst=1:1
GOTOQUIT
:RestoreCD
MSCDEX.EXE/D:mscd001/L:w
ghost2k3-clone,mode=pload,src=w:\system.gho:1,dst=1:1-sure
Just change the above to the following.
:Clone
ghost2k3-sure-clone,mode=pdump,src=2:2,dst=1:3\system.gho-z9-span-split=680
GOTOQUIT
:RestoreHD
ghost2k3-sure-rb-clone,mode=pload,src=1:3\system.gho:1,dst=2:2
GOTOQUIT
:RestoreCD
MSCDEX.EXE/D:mscd001/L:w
ghost2k3-clone,mode=pload,src=w:\system.gho:1,dst=2:2-sure
From the above you can see that GHOST2003 recognizes NTFFS format in the form X:X,
for example the first partition of the first hard disk is 1:1, the third partition of the first hard disk is 1:3, and the second partition of the second hard disk
is 2:2, and so on.
Another example, C drive〔FAT〕D drive〔FAT〕E drive〔FAT〕F drive〔FAT〕H〔FAT〕
I〔NTFS〕C:E:F: are on the first hard disk, H:I: are on the second hard disk. Drive I has XP installed, and the backup
drive is drive E. Right-click the downloaded AUTOEXE batch file, click Edit, and you can see this content:
:Clone
ghost2k3-sure-clone,mode=pdump,src=1:1,dst=E:\system.gho-z9-span-split=680
GOTOQUIT
:RestoreHD
ghost2k3-sure-rb-clone,mode=pload,src=E:\system.gho:1,dst=1:1
GOTOQUIT
:RestoreCD
MSCDEX.EXE/D:mscd001/L:w
ghost2k3-clone,mode=pload,src=w:\system.gho:1,dst=1:1-sure
Just change the above to the following.
:Clone
ghost2k3-sure-clone,mode=pdump,src=2:2,dst=E:\system.gho-z9-span-split=680
GOTOQUIT
:RestoreHD
ghost2k3-sure-rb-clone,mode=pload,src=E:\system.gho:1,dst=2:2
GOTOQUIT
:RestoreCD
MSCDEX.EXE/D:mscd001/L:w
ghost2k3-clone,mode=pload,src=w:\system.gho:1,dst=2:2-sure
From the above you can see that GHOST2003 recognizes FAT format in the form X:,
for example the first partition of the first hard disk is C:, the third partition of the first hard disk is E:, just like what we normally
see on the computer. Since drive I is NTFS and is the second partition of the second hard disk, it is 2:2.
If your computer has only one CD-ROM drive, then there is no need to specify the CD drive letter. If your computer has two CD-ROM drives, then you must specify
the CD drive letter; NTFS partitions do not count, as if they do not exist. In the first example everything is NTFS format, so
your CD drive letter is C:, that is, change the following 〔friends with only one CD-ROM drive don't need to read the rest below〕
:RestoreCD
MSCDEX.EXE/D:mscd001/L:W
ghost2k3-clone,mode=pload,src=W:\system.gho:1,dst=2:2-sure
to
:RestoreCD
MSCDEX.EXE/D:mscd001/L:C
ghost2k3-clone,mode=pload,src=C:\system.gho:1,dst=2:2-sure
In the second example drive I is NTFS format, and NTFS partitions do not count, so your CD drive letter is I:. Change this section
:RestoreCD
MSCDEX.EXE/D:mscd001/L:I
ghost2k3-clone,mode=pload,src=I:\system.gho:1,dst=2:2-sure
It looks a bit complicated, but once you understand it, it's actually easy. If sometimes you don't know what
the drive letter should be, you can operate GHOST2003 manually; you can see it in the GHOST2003 interface.
There are only 11K left on the floppy disk, so don't put this explanation on the floppy disk.

Two unusual uses for Ghost

1. Use Ghost to defragment the disk
I remember the first time I used the built-in Windows defragmentation software to defragment a 4GB partition, the hard disk worked for more than 7 hours straight. From then on I never used it to defragment again. Actually, Ghost can also be used to organize a hard disk. As everyone knows, when Ghost makes a disk image, it completely reads out every piece of data in the hard disk partition and then writes it into a GHO file. For blank areas in the partition, the software automatically skips them. Then when we restore the GHO image file, the software writes all the contents of the file continuously into the partition, so all the data is automatically written to the beginning of the partition, and we get a complete block of unused space, while the fragmented files naturally disappear.
The specific method for using Ghost to defragment is: first use Scandisk to scan and repair all error codes on the partition, then use Ghost to make a GHO image file of the partition you want to defragment. The file size depends on how much of the partition is in use. Then restore the GHO file back to the original partition. These operations are best run in pure DOS mode. When restoring the image, be sure to choose the correct partition, otherwise it will cause data loss. Based on my experience, using this method to defragment a 4GB hard disk takes about 30 minutes, a little longer than Vopt2000, but the effect is much better. However, Ghost software carries some risk, so I suggest everyone use it carefully.

2. Use Ghost to back up software
First copy all software into a separate partition, then use Ghost to make that partition into a GHO image file. Of course, before doing this, make sure the system is virus-free. Then we can delete the software from the original partition. Because all the software has already been made into a GHO image, and at present very few viruses can infect GHO files, this also provides a certain degree of safety for the software in the GHO file. But if we want to install one specific backed-up software package, how do we do it? We can't restore the entire GHO file just to install it—that would be very inconvenient.
Here we need another piece of software to help, and that is “GhostExplorer,” the Ghost image file manager (please download it here). It can very conveniently extract any file or directory from a GHO file. If we need to install a certain software package, we only need to extract it separately from the GHO file, save it to the hard disk, and after installation, delete it again. With this software, you can also add new content into the GHO file, so if you get new software, you can keep adding it, saving you the trouble of recreating the GHO image. Isn't that convenient? After handling software this way, it won't be infected by viruses again in the future. Interested friends can give it a try.

GhostExplorerV7.5.0.335 Chinese-localized edition (Ghost image file manager)
Software introduction:
GhostExplorer is the image file editing, viewing, and extraction program from the latest version of the famous hard disk cloning software GHOST. Using it, you can edit image files created by GHOST, add or delete files in the image file as you wish, and also extract the files you need.
Ghost Backup Wizard Q&A Highlights
Today's operating systems are becoming larger and larger, installation times are also getting longer and longer, and once you run into a virus or a system crash, reinstalling the system is really a troublesome and exhausting job. In view of this, for a computer user, mastering backup and recovery is especially important. The appearance of Ghost solved these thorny problems for us. It can restore a previously backed-up system in just a few minutes, returning the computer to its original state. Since its debut, Ghost has become indispensable software for PC users, and a required lesson for them as well.

Q: Reinstalling the system is very troublesome. So I thought of Ghost, but I don't know how to use it. Please give me some pointers.
A: To use Ghost for system backup, first run the Ghost file, then choose “Local→Partition→ToImage”, and then follow the prompts. To restore a backup, choose “Local→Partition→FromImage”, select the file to restore and the partition to restore to.

Q: Previously, when I restored a backup with Ghost, the system was always normal. But now it can no longer restore normally. What's going on?
A: Excluding virus-related causes, it is very likely the fault of disk defragmentation. Because an image file occupies many clusters on the hard disk, as long as one cluster is damaged, the image file will fail. Quite a few people find that after cloning, the image file can restore the system normally at first, but after some time, errors occur during restoration. The main reason is here.
Q: Recently I wanted to replace my hard disk with a larger one. The original smaller hard disk has a C drive Ghost backup file. The C partition on the larger hard disk has a capacity of 3GB, while the C partition on the smaller hard disk has a capacity of 1GB. Can I restore this backup file onto the larger hard disk?

A: When using Ghost for disk or partition copying, cloning from a smaller-capacity hard disk or partition to an equal-capacity or larger hard disk or partition is completely fine, and the target hard disk or partition will be the same as the source disk. The part larger than the source capacity will become free space. For example, if the source partition is 600MB total, using FAT16, with 400MB of data, while the target partition is 1GB total, using FAT32, then after the source partition is successfully cloned to the target partition, the target partition also becomes FAT16, but the capacity remains 1GB, and the data files still occupy 400MB. So when upgrading to a larger hard disk, you can very easily copy the contents of the original hard disk over, without needing to reinstall the operating system or application software at all.

Q: I backed up a system full of software into a .gho file, and I want to update some personal documents in this image file frequently. Does Ghost have a partial modification function?
A: It is possible to perform partial processing on Ghost files. Ghost has an auxiliary program called GhostExplorer (as shown in the picture). Using this program, you can access files in the image file at any time just like using Explorer. In other words, you can separately restore, delete, or add files to the image file. But note that the add-new-file function only supports image files from Ghost version 6.0 and later (including that version), while the delete function only supports image files from Ghost version 5.0C and later (including that version).

Q: When I use Ghost under Windows to restore drive C, at about halfway through I get a blue screen, and after rebooting I can no longer enter Windows. What's going on, and what should I do?
A: Because what you are restoring is the partition where Windows itself is located, if you restore under the Windows environment, the restore process will damage the current system files, and a blue screen or hang often occurs at the final 20–40%. Even if the restore can be completed, the restored system is unreliable, and all kinds of strange problems often appear later in use. So when restoring the partition where the Windows system is located, it should be done under a pure DOS environment. Now you only need to boot from a floppy disk into DOS, and then use Ghost to restore.

Q: A friend bought a new computer, and he doesn't understand much, so the system is always getting messed up. I made him a Win98.gho image with Ghost. But he says he's afraid he won't remember the menus in Ghost, so he asked me to make him a batch file. I remember seeing the related command for restoring the C drive system under DOS before, but I can't remember it clearly now. Please advise!
A: Create a new bakup.bat file on the boot floppy disk and add the following content:
Ghost-clone,Mode=Load,SRC=e:ghost\sysbf.gho:1,DST=1:1-sure-rb。其中e:\ghost\sysbf.gho is an example; “sure” means that all prompts or warnings requiring confirmation are answered automatically with “Yes”; “rb” means automatically reboot when this Ghost operation finishes and exits.
Then copy the Ghost program to the boot disk. Later, when restoring the system, just boot from the floppy disk and run bakup.

Q: How can I put a Ghost file larger than 1G onto a backup CD? Is it possible to have Ghost directly split it into several 600M files during backup?
A: When entering the Ghost command, add the parameter -split=600. 600 refers to the size of the Ghost backup file, and the size can be set as you like.

Q: What issues should be noted before making a system Ghost backup?
A: Before backing up, the system should be optimized: delete temporary files, clean the registry, defragment the disk, and install some commonly used software before cloning, so that after restoring the system you can save yourself the work of installing many common software packages again.

Good article. Thanks. (Though it seems like it could be posted in DOS Learning for Beginners & Featured Articles (Classroom) instead!)

I think I already posted it there.

Supplement!
Other parameters:


-IB: Copy only the disk boot sector.

-IAL: Perform a full copy for LINUX partitions, and use the normal method for other partitions.

-OR: Overwrite space and perform an integrity check.

-NOLILO: Do not attempt to fix the LILO boot loader after copying.

-FDSZ: Clear the signature bytes on the target disk.

-FDSP: Preserve the signature bytes on the target disk. (Higher priority than -FSSZ)

-LPM: LPT master parallel connection mode.

-LPS: LPT slave parallel connection mode.

-TCPM: TCP/IP master connection mode.

-TCPS: TCP/IP slave connection mode.

-USBM: Automatically enter USB master mode.

-USBS: Automatically enter USB slave mode.

-JL: Record multicast session diagnostic messages to a file.

-JS: Set the maximum multicast transfer value.

-JA: Set the name of the multicast session.

-CHKIMG: Check the integrity of the image file.

-PWD: Specify the password.

-SKIP: Specify files or directories in the FAT file system that should be skipped.

-PMBR: Preserve the master boot record in the target disk during any disk copy operation.

-F64: Allow 64K cluster sizes when loading old image files.

-NTD: Allow NTFS internal diagnostic checks.

-NTC-: Disable NTFS contiguous cluster allocation.

-NTCHKDSK: Force CHKDSK on the next NTFS volume startup.

-NTIC: Ignore the CHKDSK bit on the NTFS volume.

-NTIL: Ignore the check bit for non-empty NTFS log files.

-NTIID: Ignore copying the partition system identifier.

-TAPEBUFFERED: Default tape mode.

-TAPESAFE: Useful when using old or unreliable tapes.

-TAPESPEED: Allows controlling tape speed.

-TAPEUNBUFFERED: Force unbuffered tape input/output.

-TAPEEJECT: Force eject after tape operation is complete.

-TAPEBSIZE: Tape block size.

-RB: Force automatic reboot after copying is complete.

-FX: Exit the program after copying is complete.

-BATCH: Batch mode; all operations are completed automatically by the program.

-NOFILE: Disable file prompts.

-DL: Specify existing hard disk numbers.

-FIS: Use the maximum value of the detected hard disk.

-FNX: Disable extended INT 13 support.

-FFX: Use extended INT 13.

-FNI: Disable direct IDE hard disk access support.

-FFI: Use direct IDE hard disk access.

-FNS: Disable direct ASPI/SCSI hard disk access support.

-FFS: Use direct ASPI/SCSI hard disk access.

-NOSCSI: Disable ASPI access to SCSI devices.

-BFC: Process bad FAT clusters.

-VDM: Before writing, use the disk verification command to check every sector on the disk.

-FRO: Force the copy to continue even if there are bad clusters.

-CRC32: Use CRC32 verification.

-CRCIGNORE: Ignore errors in the image file as much as possible.

-FCR: Create a checksum file when creating a file.

-AFILE: Use the specified abort log file.

-DI: Display diagnostics.

-MEMCHECK: Diagnose memory.

-DD: Record disk information to GHSTSTAT.TXT.

-DFILE: Use the specified information log file.

-FINGER: Display detailed fingerprint information.

-VER: Display the program version number.

Great article!

Good, yes, but it's too long to remember, makes my head spin reading it

Good stuff! Thanks!

Thanks

I've been looking for this for a long time~~~ This makes making a Ghost image boot disk much easier!!
Many thanks!!!!

Strong bump for post #4, I've been looking for the -DD parameter for a long time.

It's all over ghost's settings

Very detailed, and right when I arrived there's good stuff

Thanks to the OP for sharing

Go make yourself a cup of milk tea ^-^

Very good, very detailed! Bump