China DOS Union

How to Use Application Programs under DOS
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1. How to use the arj compression command
　　arj a a:pp c:*.dbf general method, use arj x a:pp to extract
　　arj a -r -va a:pp c:*.dbf
　　arj x -r -va a:pp -va parameter automatically tests the remaining capacity of drive A,
　　-r parameter automatically compresses files in subdirectories.
　　arj a -je a:pp c:*.dbf when extracting, just directly run pp.exe.
　　-je parameter automatically generates a self-extracting file.
　　arj a -r -va -g? a:pp c:*.dbf generates a file with a password
　　arj x -r -va -g? a:pp when extracting, you need to enter the correct password.
　　arj a -r -vva a:pp c:*.dbf gives a beep prompt when changing disks.
　　-jt performs verification while compressing, to ensure the data is intact.
　　e automatically creates subdirectories when extracting, no prompt needed
　　l displays the file directory contained in the archive.
　　-o:980818 compress all files after August 18, 1998 (including that day)
　　-ob:980818 compress all files before August 18, 1998 (not including that day)
　Various prompts:
　　Quit abort and exit
　　Always forever answer "Yes" to the current prompt (when extracting, if you need to overwrite an existing file, then you need to answer "A".
　　Skip give an affirmative answer to the current prompt.
　　Yes give an affirmative answer only to the current prompt
　　No give a negative answer only to the current prompt
　　Global give an affirmative answer for the current disk; after changing disks you need to answer again.
　　Command prompts you to enter an executable DOS command.

2. chkdsk and compress commands
　　Using chkdsk c:/f can automatically repair lost clusters on drive C. Generally, files such as file???.chk generated in the root directory should be deleted. Before using compress, run the chkdsk command first.
　compress parameters are as follows:
　　/cu do not relink files /cf full compression
　　/cc full compression, and clear scanned leftover clusters /cs optimize remaining space
　　/cd optimize each subdirectory /nm disable mirror operation (after compression)
　　/video display command line on screen /os sort in standard mode
　　/of specified files first /oo subdirectories first
　　/od subdirectories after files /sf sort by filename
　　/se by extension /st sort by time
　　/ss sort by file size /sa ascending
　　sd descending
　　Most common method: compress c:/cc/sf
　Note: 1) hard disks that have been enlarged under win95 cannot be compressed
　　　2) long filename format under win95 is not supported
　　　3) for files generated when installing some encryption software, they should be reinstalled after compression.
　　Those marked "X" are bad sectors, "D" is the root directory, "F" is the file allocation table, and "B" is the boot sector

3. Use of the img tool
　　Its main function is to open up an area in memory, establish a virtual floppy drive there, and map all operations on that floppy drive to that memory area. The detailed operating steps are as follows:
　　1) start the img file
　　2) press ctrl+alt+s+d+x to activate the software
　　3) in the filename area enter the full filename of the file to be installed, for example: c:\dos\1.img
　　4) after moving to the drive area you can choose one of the three virtual drive letters "A B O" to create
　　5) in the format area you can choose one of the hdcopya-b and diskdupe formats. If you do not know the format used before, you can find it through repeated trials.
　　6) move to the read area and press Enter. If the message "file c:\dos\1.img error" is displayed, then either the file does not exist or the file format in the format area is wrong, and you can go back to the format area to choose again.
　　7) after the file is read correctly, use dir a(b or o): to view the files in the virtual disk
　　8) press the Esc key to exit, switch to the virtual disk, and allow the installer to run or perform other operations.
　　9) if multiple disks are needed for installation, when you get the prompt asking for the second disk, repeat step 2), reread the data, and continue the installation until it is complete.
　Note:
　　1) sometimes there may be a file format error that causes the data to fail to read. In that case, exit first, reactivate the img tool, and try reading again with another format.
　　2) when entering the image file you must enter the full filename (including path)
　　3) after the installation is complete, to eliminate the effects brought by the virtual disk, you can reboot.
　　4) using this method can only complete the installation of some programs under DOS.
　
4. Use of hdcopy
　　It mainly performs fast copying between floppies and can create an image of a floppy's contents and save it to the hard disk. It can also reread a hard disk image back onto a floppy, and it also has the function of formatting floppies to different capacities. If used together with img, it is even more convenient.
　1) changing settings in options menu
　　soure(destination) drive change the source (destination) drive letter (only for systems with 2 drives)
　　auto verifyn/off whether to automatically verify data during read/write operations and formatting.
　　fat selectionn/off whether to read only the areas containing data when copying; when on, the whole disk is read.
　　format destinatin:auto/on/off whether to format the destination disk when writing (auto/on/off).
　　password protectedn/off whether to password-protect image files saved to the hard disk.
　　verbose moden/off whether to enable repeated verification when errors occur.
　　head settle timen/off whether to wait for head adjustment
　　user mode:safe/prof/expert use safe/protected/risk mode when reading data. In risk mode, the computer automatically detects the drive and performs read and write operations, which requires skilled operation. Risk mode is equivalent to expert mode.
　Note: 1) if drives A and B have different capacities, the source disk must have greater capacity than the destination disk.
　　2) using the put to file function can save the file read into memory to the hard disk. For disks with copy protection points, it can also read them out, and save or copy them for a long time.
　　3) using the get from file function can read files saved on the hard disk into memory, and then write them to a floppy.
　　4) when formatting a disk, if different formats are used, note that it may be difficult to read it in another drive. A bad disk can be formatted to a lower capacity to repair problems such as track 0 damage.
　　5) for versions 1.7@ 1.7m and 2.0, although the interface is different, the basic content is the same. In version 2.0, "+" is equivalent to on, "-" is equivalent to off, and "*" is equivalent to auto mode.
　
5. diskfix tool
　　Used to repair floppies or hard disks with errors in the file allocation table, boot sector, and directory sectors. Command line parameters:
　　/test test only, do not perform repair work
　　/scan complete the test and carry out repair work
　　/ro:filename complete the test and report it to the filename file (overwrite that file)
　　/ra:filename same as above, except append to the end of the file.
　　/hcache or hcard if there is a hard disk card, choose this option
　　Note: before doing diskfix work, resident memory programs should be exited.
　　repaire disk option repairs disk abnormalities caused by errors in the file allocation table, boot sector, and directory area. After entering it, you will be asked to select a drive. It will automatically complete the above detection tasks and automatically repair them. comparion (comparison) description (description) destructor (structure) surface scan option automatically performs a media surface test, checks for unsafe hidden dangers, and moves data to a safe area. It has a test count option and can perform up to 80 tests. This process takes a long time. preventive (prevention) maintenance (maintenance) read write only simulate media defect (defect, unsafe) perform (execute) destructive (harmful) revitabize (revive) option Besides completing surface scan, under the premise of not damaging disk data, it completes one formatting pass and repairs damaged data as much as possible. optimum (suitable) undo a diskfix repair option When carrying out disk repaire, some information can be saved, so if diskfix work causes problems, this option can be used to restore it.
　configure configuration
　　1)test paration table test partition information.
　　2)check boot sector for virus test whether there is a virus in the root sector
　　3)look for mirror look for image file
　　4)use bios surface scan use BIOS for surface testing
　　5)use custom error message use the current error message
　
6. Applications of diskfix
　1) For damage caused by partition table and boot sector errors, the symptoms are:
　　The primary partition disk cannot boot, displaying "cann't load file " or "Invalid drive specition"
　　Other partitions such as "D" display "Invalid drive spection " or "Not ready drive D:Abort,Retry,Fail"
　　Method: first boot from a floppy
　　(1) run diskfix c:, choose repair a disk, then answer "Y" to all the other questions. During repair, diskfix will automatically repair the damaged hard disk.
　　(2) you can use Norton Utilities' Disk Doctor "NDD" to repair it. After starting NDD, enter the options, choose "automatic repair" for the "repair settings" item, then choose "diagnose disk" and operate on "C".
　　(3) if after booting from a floppy, you still cannot enter "C:", your first choice should be "diskfix c:". There are many reasons why a hard disk cannot boot. For boot difficulties caused by damaged system files, after booting from a floppy, you can use "sys c:" to transfer the system files. But for "win95", you should boot with a win95 emergency disk. After the transfer succeeds, you should check whether the three files "io.dos msdos.dos command.dos" exist in the root directory. If not, you should use a DOS boot disk to copy a set into the root directory area, otherwise earlier DOS versions will have difficulty booting. It should be noted that the boot disk you make should have the same version number as the machine's original system files.
　2) For problems caused by accidental deletion
　　(1) under DOS you can use the undelete command to restore, or use pctool to recover deleted files.
　　(2) for files deleted in win95, you can first look in the "Recycle Bin". If the "Recycle Bin" property is set to empty directly, you can still go to the directory where the deleted file was located and run the undelete command to restore it.
　
7. Use of Norton tools
　　A tool for optimizing disk read/write and improving disk speed, calibrate
　　(1) optimize disk speed
　　(2) move data from dangerous areas to safe areas
　　(3) protect the disk by detecting and correcting damage before disk data is damaged
　Test items:
　　(1) integrity testing, including system parameters, hard disk encoding technology, and interleave factor settings.
　　(2) diagnostics for system memory, memory controllers, and floppy/hard disk controllers
　
8. Use of the disk editor diskedit
　　It can recover from file read/write difficulties caused by track 0 damage on a disk.
　　Method: insert a good disk into the drive and start diskedit to read the disk contents, then remove the good disk and replace it with the damaged disk, and continue the read operation. Since only track 0 is damaged and the contents of the other tracks are intact, the data can be read out. Record the corresponding start and end sector numbers, use the write object command in the tool to write the corresponding sector numbers to the hard disk, exit editing, and call the corresponding file. (If a read error occurs, you can kip, igrone)
This method has very little chance of recovering a disk with a damaged root directory. At the same time, by searching for specific characters, you can quickly determine the location of the file you are looking for.
　
9. diskmon It can monitor any disk activity and prevent accidents.
　　1) disk protection. It can write-protect the system area, file area, or the entire disk area. For individual file types, it can also be set separately, for example making a certain file type specially protected. Through settings, some types of files can be made inaccessible.
　　2) disk read/write light setting. This setting lets it recognize network disks, and when disk access operations occur, it displays the disk number on screen.
　　3) disk suspend, equivalent to the park command in DOS, placing the head in a safe area.
　
10. filefind/ts
　　It can search for a certain type of file or a certain file in the entire disk area, the current directory, or the current directory and its subdirectories, and can also search for several characters to achieve matching. It can search multiple times within the same file and display matching strings, which is useful when searching multiple files. Because it has many settings, it can work within a certain time period, for a certain size, and can even work on network drives. It also has the function of searching for certain file types. Chinese characters can be entered when searching. If /ts is added, the speed is faster. It has 1) string search 2) corresponding file search functions
　
11. filefix can repair certain kinds of files.
　　Files may be damaged for various reasons, and it can be used to recover them to the greatest extent possible.
　
12. unerase can recover deleted files by subdirectory and by drive selection.
　　It can list all deleted files and display detailed information on all recoverable files, while also giving you the right to choose, so recovery can be targeted. The recovered files can be directly saved to another subdirectory or even another drive. Note:
　　1) it provides the function of browsing files deleted on the network, but cannot restore them. Files deleted on the network can be restored using the function provided in salvage.
　　2) in the prediction column, sub_dir means subdirectory, and "good" "difficult" "average" mark the degree of difficulty of recovering several kinds of files. It can be used to restore subdirectories.
　　3) for subdirectories deleted using rd and deletree, as long as no data has been added to the disk, the files can be completely recovered.
　　4) when using it, you can use the space bar or "+" sign to select the files to be recovered, directly move the cursor to the file to be recovered, press the "U" key to recover it, then enter one letter as the first letter of the filename, and make sure the same filename does not already exist.
　　5) for deleted subdirectories, you can enter them directly and continue file recovery work. Comparatively speaking, unerase is simpler to operate and more powerful than pctool and undelete. In the file information column, it displays the file's last edit date, byte count, file attributes, and whether it can be correctly recovered. Sometimes it prompts "will not include correct number?quot;", but after testing, most files marked "good" can still be recovered normally, and batch recovery can also be carried out through selection.
　
14. wipeinfo fast wiping; files wiped with it cannot be recovered.
　　Using undelete, unerase, and pctools is of no help against it. It can operate on the entire drive, a subdirectory, or each file in a subdirectory. There is a warning before operation, so it must be used with caution.
　
15. unformat in Norton tools restores floppies/hard disks whose data was lost due to accidental formatting, and can also repair disks damaged for other reasons. It is ineffective for disks that cannot be entered because boot information is lost or the partition table is damaged (diskfix, diskedit, etc. should be used for repair).
　　For a disk just formatted with format, such as: format a:/q, DOS unformat can be used to restore it.
　　Using the unformat command in Norton is even more intuitive. It scans every sector on the disk and marks each usable block of data. After about 5 minutes (for a floppy), it can give a comprehensive indication of recoverable files on the whole disk.
　　Under the corresponding subdirectories dir0 and dir1, some relatively complete files can be found, and it is more accurate and reliable than DOS unformat.
　　You can directly use unformat a:, but for files in subdirectories within subdirectories, complete recovery cannot be guaranteed.
　　If format a: was used without parameters, then it cannot be recovered.
　　Experiments show that when unformatting a disk formatted with format a:/q without the /u parameter, DOS unformat performs better than Norton unformat, but if a Norton image has been made, that is another matter. When unformatting a disk formatted with format a:/q/u, DOS unformat and Norton are basically the same.
　　A disk formatted without any parameters can also be restored by DOS unformat.
　　Comment: DOS unformat is faster, but it must have a complete image file. When there are many files to recover on the disk,
　　Norton unformat performs better than DOS unformat.
　
16. How speeddisk works
　　Functions: 1) optimize usable disk space and move it to the end of the disk
　　2) merge file fragments and eliminate them.
　　During operation the power must not fail midway, but it can be terminated with esc, and there must be no resident memory program activity.
　Available strategies:
　　1) optimize everything except directories and the file allocation table
　　2) optimize everything, including directories, with directories taking priority over files,
　　3) optimize everything and sort files.
　　4) eliminate file fragments.
　　5) eliminate all kinds of space fragments, which is beneficial for installing large files.

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