China DOS Union

### I. Format of the DIR command:

dir ]

(1) dir /a:attrib by default includes all files (system files, hidden files)

attrib only displays hidden files or non-hidden files.

only displays read-only files or non-read-only files

only displays system files or non-system files

only displays archived files or non-archived files

(2) /osorted: by default in full alphabetical order, subdirectories are displayed before files

/o: in alphabetical order or in reverse order by file name

: in reverse order by extension alphabetical order

: in reverse order by time order

: in reverse order from largest to smallest by size

: with subdirectories before files or files before subdirectories

(3) /s parameter: lists all files in the current directory and its subdirectories

Column name ir /s/a/o:n c:\>PRN

Prints all subdirectories and files on the C drive in alphabetical order according to subdirectories and files with subordinate relationships

(4) /B parameter: only displays file names and extensions

(5) /L parameter: lists files or subdirectories in all lowercase letters

Training:

dir /a lists all files in the current directory (including hidden and system files)

dir /ah lists hidden files (including hidden subdirectories) dir /a-h

dir /as lists system files dir /a-s

dir /ad lists subdirectories dir /a-d

dir /o in alphabetical order

dir /B only displays file names and extensions

### II. attrib

By default, attrib name displays the (file) attributes of the file

attrib io.sys (or subdirectory)

shr c:\ io.sys specifies as system (s) hidden (h) read-only (r) file

You can also attrib *.sys to display the attributes of files with the .sys extension

The parameter sets or removes the read-only attribute of the file

sets or removes the archive attribute of the file

sets or removes the hidden attribute of the file (also works for subdirectories)

/s parameter applies to all files in the current and current subdirectories

Can be used to find files

Example:

attrib news86 lists the document attributes of news86

attrib +r report.txt sets to read-only attrib -s -h record.txt

attrib +a a:*.*

attrib -a a:*.bak

xcopy a: b: /a copies all files marked with "archive" attribute on drive A to drive B

xcopy a: b: /m copies all files on drive A to drive B and removes the archive attribute

### III. Introduction to cd: cd... returns to the second-level directory "." represents the current directory "." represents the parent directory

cd ..\.. returns to the parent directory of the parent directory (grandparent directory)

cd A:\ changes the current directory of drive A to the root directory

cd A:\xx changes the current directory of drive A to the subdirectory xx

cd ..\98 returns to the parent directory first, then enters the 98 subdirectory under the parent directory

cd .. returns to the parent directory

cd\98 enters the 98 subdirectory under the root directory

### IV. copy

copy /y overwrites all files without prompting

/-y prompts for all files (asks yes or no)

/v verifies after copying

/B displays in binary

copy w1.wps con/b can display the wps file on the screen without entering the wps state

copy ..\98 copies all files in the 98 subdirectory under the parent directory to the current subdirectory

copy .\97 copies all files in the 97 subdirectory under the current directory to the current directory

copy . c:\ copies all files in the current directory to the root directory of drive C

. means *.* files

copy nul a.abc clears the a.abc file (file length is changed to 0)

copy file name+con appends commands or content to the text file

copy con file name creates a text file (F6 saves and exits)

copy con prn detects the printer switch

### V. xcopy command

xcopy

xcopy xcopy a:b:\ /d:08/18/98/s/v copies files after 08/18/98

xcopy prompts to create a subdirectory

xcopy copies subdirectories together. Note: If the subdirectory does not exist on the target disk and the end of the target disk does not end with "\", it will prompt:

does destination specify a file name or directory name on the target

?

Create a file on the target disk or create a subdirectory ? You should press the d key

xcopy with verification

*1) xcopy does not copy system and hidden files, you should modify the attributes first and then copy

xcopy whether there is a prompt when overwriting, /y without prompt

If the target disk or subdirectory name is omitted, it is copied to the current directory

### VI. del /p

Adding /p can prompt before deleting

If del is followed by a subdirectory name, all files (except hidden, system, read-only files) under the subdirectory are deleted. Adding /p can confirm.

### VII. undelete /au

Recovers all files that meet the conditions without prompting (can be recovered), and sets the first letter to "#". If it already exists, it is added in the order of "# % & 0 1 2-9 a-z".

For example: undelete *.dbf/au recovers all files with the extension "dbf" and uses "#" as the file name. /list only lists recoverable files without recovering

undelete /load loads undelete into memory

/unload unloads undelete from memory

/s monitors and manages the specified drive

undelete/sc keeps undelete in memory,? and creates an implicit sentry subdirectory to manage files deleted from drive C. undelete/ds recovers

The corresponding recovery command can be undelete to fully recover the file name (very complete)

The most commonly used is undelete *.*

deltree /y

deltree deletes subdirectories and files, although some files are system files or hidden files

It can have wildcards, and when it has wildcards, it will delete files and subdirectories that meet the conditions

For example: ?undelete *.dbf/au recovers all files with the extension "dbf" and uses "#" as the file name.

/list only lists recoverable files without recovery operations.

undelete/load loads undelete into memory.

/unload unloads undelete from memory.

/s monitors and manages the specified drive.

undelete/sc keeps undelete in memory and creates an implicit sentry subdirectory to manage files deleted from drive C. The corresponding recovery command can be undelete/ds to fully recover the file name (very complete).

The most commonly used is undelete *.*

### VIII. deltree /y

deltree deletes subdirectories and files, although some files are system or hidden.

It can have wildcards, and then it will delete files or subdirectories that meet the conditions.

For example: There are L1 file, L2 subdirectory, L3 file, L4 subdirectory

deltree L*.* will delete all the above files and subdirectories, but confirm before deleting. If you don't delete, you can enter "N".

/y parameter is to operate without confirmation before deleting.

The deleted files can be recovered with undelete,? but subdirectories and files under them cannot be recovered. Special tools such as NORTON 8.0 can be used.

If undelete/s is used in advance, you can find the complete file in the sentry subdirectory, but the name has been changed.

### IX. dos=high]

dos=high, umb then dos loads itself into the upper memory (high) and can manage the upper memory (umb).

noumb then does not manage the upper memory.

Before writing dos=high and umb, device=himem.sys must be loaded

In order to load programs or drivers into the upper memory, dos=umb must be used, which can save most conventional memory.

You can write dos=high, umb anywhere in config.sys

If hma not avoiable or load down low is displayed, it means that the upper memory cannot be used.

### X. doskey records previously typed dos commands, can be displayed with F7, selected with "↑↓", and the command number can be entered with F9.

doskey/restall reloads once, and the previous command line is canceled.

doskey/history displays all commands in memory, can be ">" displayed to other files, abbreviated "/H".

doskey dir=cls means that hitting dir is equivalent to cls.

doskey/macros can display all macro definitions, can use ">" to redefine to a file, can be abbreviated "/M".

doskey dir= can cancel the macro definition of dir.

doskey p=dir$tdir*.exe/p$tdir c:\t$tdir c:\t$*

$t is the command separator, and $* is the command end character

doskey/insert(overstrike)? When re-entering the command, whether the modification of the old command is in insert or overwrite state (default).

### XI. emm386.exe

Provides management of extended memory, so that applications can use it like using conventional memory.

Common usage is in config.sys

device=c:\dos\himem.sys

device=c:\dos\emm386.exe ram

d=64 sets the DMA memory amount to 64K

noems provides access to upper memory but not to extended memory.

It should be noted that it is best not to use it in windows because windows itself has a program to manage extended memory. The manager in windows should be used.

### XII. fc command fc/b dt.dat dt2.dat>b (compares binary codes)

Compare two files, generally used for access progress, modifying game save files.

The actual code position should add 0100 such as: 0000 05E4:00 67

When actually using debug -e to modify, 0100 should be added, that is, 0000 06E4:00 67

Adding a redirect file ">P" later can output the comparison result to the p file.

### XIII. format /q /u /s /n:sectors /f:size /c

/q parameter: quick format, only scans the file allocation table and root directory area, only valid for formatted disks.

Use it to ensure that no new bad sectors are added after formatting.

/u parameter: unconditional formatting, and does not save the original information on the disk, which can prevent "unformat".

/s parameter: format as a system disk, can also use "sys" command.

/f:size size can be 160 180 320 360 720 1200 1440 2800

/n:sector n can be 1 format as a single-sided disk with a capacity of 160k 180k

can be 4 can format a 360k disk on a 5-inch high-density drive

can be 8 can format with 8 sectors on a 5-inch high-density drive.

/c retests bad sectors. By default, if a sector is marked as "bad", it will not be retested in future formatting, only marked. When using "/C", it can be retested.

### XIV. unformat command

Works for disks formatted with format and not using the "/u" parameter. It can be used to re-repair the damaged hard disk partition table, but does not work for network disks.

unformat drive:

/l displays each file and subdirectory found by unformat. If there is no this switch, only the broken files and subdirectories are displayed. You can press ctrl+s to pause and any key to continue.

/test only makes a test, does not do actual repair work, does simulation process.

/p prints while testing.

Note: This method cannot guarantee to repair all files, especially disks that have added data after formatting.

Recovered files are stored in subdir1....2....3 and other subdirectories in turn.

### XV. interlnk syntax interlnk g=e, it can communicate between two machines through serial port or parallel port.

Map drive e on the server side as drive g on the client side. In the future, all operations on g for the client mean access to the server. The way to cancel the mapping is interlnk g=

Entering interlnk alone displays all mapping situations.

Note: interlnk must be used after loading the interlnk.exe device driver.

The drive letter used is related to the number set by lastdrv.exe in config.?sys. A serial line with one end being 25-pin and the other end being 9-pin can be implemented. The specific wiring method is as follows:

5 - 7 2 - 15

3 - 2 3 - 13

7 - 4 4 - 12

6 - 6 5 - 10

3 - 3 6 - 11

8 - 5 15 - 2

4 - 20 13 - 3

9-pin 25-pin 12 - 4

10 - 5

11 - 6

25 - 25

25-pin 25-pin

### XVI. interlnk.exe and intersvr.exe

interlnk.exe redirects requests for client drives or print interfaces to other server drives or printers.

Syntax: Add in config.sys:

device=c:\dos\interlnk.exe

### XVII. memmaker

Using memmaker can optimize the memory configuration and write the configuration to autoexec.bat and config.sys.

In this process, the machine needs to be restarted several times.

### XVIII.memitem memcolor memdefault submenu menu optioninclude

In autoexec.bat as follows: In config.sys as follows:

path c:\dos;c:\ucdos

doskey menucolor=15,1(foreground color 15, background color 1)

\mouse\mouse menuitem=base_config,this is a base

goto %config% -> selection item menuitem=cced_config,this is a cced

Option prompt

:base_config menudefault=base_config,5

goto exit -> jump out default is base_config, delay time 5 seconds

:cced_config

c:\dos\smartdrv.exe /l device=c:\dos\himem.sys

goto exit common part included in each item

:exit -> end

device=c:\dos\emm386.exe ram

dos=high,umb



device=c:\dos\smartdrv.exe/double_buffer

include=base_config include base_config settings

Can be selected according to the configuration requirements of the computer in different situations.

### XIX. mscdex.exe provides a program for reading and writing to the optical drive

mscdex/drive

Typical: device=c:\cdrom\cdrom.sys /d:mscd000 in config.sys

mscdex /d:mscd000 /l:g in autoexec.bat

Configured an optical drive with the symbol g

Parameter /drive1 is the optical drive ID number, which must be consistent with the symbol in config.sys, and there can be multiple

/d:mscd000 /d:mscd001

/e: use extended memory to load the optical drive driver.

/s: make the optical drive set as a shared optical drive in ms_net or windows

/V whether to display memory when loading.

/L:letter assigns the drive letter to the optical drive

/m:number specifies the number of buffers

It should be noted that:? If using smartdrv.exe to accelerate the reading and writing ability of the optical drive, mscdex.?exe should be written before smartdrv.exe in autoexec.

bat, the use of smartdrv.exe can greatly improve the reading and writing ability of the drive.

### XX. Use of msd

Using msd can overall check the computer configuration and system information

Including:? Drive parameters, computer cpu parameters, memory size parameters, monitor type, serial and parallel port conditions, and various IRQ occupation conditions. Based on this, it can analyze whether the new device has a conflict with the original device.

At the same time, by analyzing the memory resident program, it can judge whether there is a virus in the memory, and if so, mark it as "???".

### XXI. prompt dos prompt

$q equal sign $t current time $d current date $p current drive symbol

$$ $ sign prompt $n current drive $g greater than sign $l less than sign $b display "|" pipe symbol

$h hides the prompt $E displays "<-" sign

For other text, it directly displays the text itself prompt ljw, then displays as ljw prompt

prompt only displays the current drive letter and greater than sign.

### XXII. ramdrive.sys uses memory as a virtual disk for use

It should be noted that all data exists in memory, and it should be saved to the hard disk in time, otherwise all data will be lost after power failure or crash. The advantage is that the running speed is fast, but it cannot be used in windows.

Example: config.sys: device=c:\dos\ramdrive.sys /size

size is the number of bytes in units of k, that is, the size of the established virtual disk.

/e or/a both use extended memory to establish a virtual disk. The premise of adding parameters is to load the memory manager himem.sys and emm386.exe first.

### XXIII. subst connects a drive to a subdirectory

For example: Map the request for the A:\l1\l2 subdirectory to drive S, then enter

subst s: a:\l1\l2 can be

In this way, commands such as dir s:? display the content under the a:\l1\l2 subdirectory, and the same for other copy del

You can use subst s: d to cancel this mapping.

You can use subst to display various connection situations

Note:? You can use subst a: c:a to create a read-write disk for A. For some installation software

来说,? must use drive A to install, you can use first copy all the software to be installed to the C:a sub

directory, then enter subst a: c:a, then go to A:, you can install the software.

### XXIV. mem /c /m /p /d conventional memory display program

/c displays the occupation of all memory resident programs, divided into conventional memory and uppermemory

High-end memory occupation, and displays the total occupation (conventional high-end reserved extended memory)

/p paginated display, pause between pages

/m followed by module name such as: /m msdos displays the occupation of dos system memory.

/d gives a detailed list description of conventional high-end reserved extended memory

By analyzing, you can see whether the memory occupation is reasonable, and whether various programs are loaded normally. On this basis, use the memory optimization tool memmaker for various management. At the same time, you can analyze the reason for some program crashes. If there is "???" in some places, it can be determined that there is a virus in the memory, which is conducive to discovery and elimination.

### XXV. Use of various pipeline tools "> < >> <<"

Redirect the output or input required by various commands

For example, ir *.bat /b>p can output the file name listed by dir *.bat to the p file.

time<p>>p.bat

If there is only one carriage return character in the p file, the time can be appended to the p.bat file

"> >>" is to redirect the output generated by the command, such as to a file or printer.

The content generated by >> will be appended to the file, and > will overwrite the original file content.

"< <<" is to redirect the input content required by the command.

For example: time<p in the batch can be time code or carriage return character, which can change the time.

It should be noted that "prn " is the printer, "null" is the empty device

con is the display

type p.bat>prn can print out p.bat.

copy null p can delete the p file

copy con p can edit the p file on the screen, F6 can save and exit

type p>pp completes the copy of the p file to pp

type p|more can pause display when the screen is full

### XXVI. move command

move filename1 filename2

Move file 1 to file 2

For example: move c:\dos\*.* c:\cced

Move all files in the dos subdirectory to the cced subdirectory

/y|-y parameter when the target directory does not exist and needs to be created, whether there is a prompt

You can use this command to modify the subdirectory name, such as move dos cced

Rename the dos directory to cced

### XXVII. append specifies the storage location of some special data files, such as user.dat pe2.pro and other non-*.

exe *.com *.bat files

Format: append terminates the previously specified directory append displays the specified situation

append append c:\user, etc.

### XXVIII.

call calls another batch file in a batch command

(1) Does not terminate the operation of the existing file, and returns immediately after executing the called program.

(2) The called batch command must have the bat extension

(3) When calling the batch file, parameters (%1-%9) and environment variables such as %baud% can be added

(4) Pipeline tools and redirect tools cannot be used

### XXIX. device devicehigh loadhigh

device loads the specified device driver into memory

devicehigh loads the specified device driver into upper memory

loadhigh loads the specified device driver into upper memory

### XXX. defrag optimize disk

legend (legend) optimize (optimize) elapse (elapse) fragment (fragment)

This command performs optimization processing on the specified disk (including checking the file allocation table, various file states, correcting errors), and when executing, it can sort files according to file name size, time, extension.

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I'm very happy today. I've learned quite a few DOS commands

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Today I discovered more than ten excellent articles, and I'm really happy!!

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Thanks for sharing

Thanks to the LZ for sharing

I'm a newbie, learning hard

So many commands, so many parameters, how can I remember them all.

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The content is relatively easy to understand. I have reviewed it again. Thank you.