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Overview of the Recovery Console
The Windows 2000 Recovery Console is a command-line console that can be started from the Windows 2000 installation program. Using the Recovery Console, you can start and stop services, format drives, read from and write to data on local drives (including drives formatted as NTFS), and perform many other administrative tasks. The Recovery Console is especially useful if you need to repair the system by copying a file from a floppy disk or CD-ROM to the hard disk, or if you need to reconfigure a service that is preventing the computer from starting normally. Because the Recovery Console is very powerful, only advanced users who are familiar with Windows 2000 should use it. In addition, you must be an administrator to use the Recovery Console.

There are two ways to start the Recovery Console:

1. If you cannot start your computer, you can run the Recovery Console from the Windows 2000 installation disk or the Windows 2000 Professional CD (if you can start your computer from the CD-ROM drive).
2. As an alternative, you can install the Recovery Console on your computer so that you can use it to fix problems if you cannot restart Windows 2000. Then select the Recovery Console from the list of available operating systems. After you start the Recovery Console, you must select the drive to log on to (if you have a dual-boot or multi-boot system) and you must log on with an administrator password.

For detailed information about starting and using the Recovery Console, see the appropriate topic. In addition, if you are using Windows 2000 Professional, see the Windows 2000 Professional Getting Started online book, or the Windows 2000 Professional Getting Started book that is included with the Windows 2000 CD. If you are using Windows 2000 Server, see the How To section of "Disaster Recovery."

Once you have started the Recovery Console, type "help" at the command prompt to get help about the available commands.

One of the fault recovery console commands

Attrib
　　Changes the attributes of a single file or directory. This command sets or removes read-only, system, archive, hidden, and compressed attributes assigned to a file or directory.

The following parameters of the attrib command are only valid when you use the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 installation program. The various parameters of the attrib command can be obtained from the command prompt of Windows 2000.

　　attrib filename]

Parameters

+r

Sets the read-only attribute.

-r

Clears the read-only attribute.

+s

Sets the system attribute.

-s

Clears the system attribute.

+h

Sets the hidden attribute.

-h

Clears the hidden attribute.

+c

Sets the compressed attribute.

-c

Clears the compressed attribute.

filename]

Specifies the location and name of the directory or file to be processed. You can change only one file at a time, or you can change an entire directory.

Note:

　　You can change multiple attributes of a file or directory with one command

Fault Recovery Console Commands Part 2　

Batch
　　Executes commands specified in a text file. The batch command is only available when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 installation program.

　　batch input_file

Parameters

input_file

Specifies the text file that contains the list of commands to execute. The input_file can consist of a drive letter and colon, directory name, file name, or a combination of these.

output_file

If specified, stores the command output in the named file. If not specified, the output is displayed on the screen.


Example

The following example executes the batch file C:\Jobs\Find.txt and stores the output in the file C:\Jobs\Results.txt:

batch c:\jobs\find.txt c:\jobs\results.txt

Fault Recovery Console Command III

Chdir (Cd)
　　Displays the name of the current directory or changes the current folder.

　　The chdir or cd commands with the following parameters can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 setup program. You can use the chdir command with different parameters at the Windows 2000 command prompt.

chdir

Or

cd

Parameters

None

If used without any parameters, chdir displays the name of the current drive and folder. Used with only the drive letter (for example, cd C:), chdir displays the current directory on the specified drive.



Specifies the drive (if not the current drive) and directory to change to.



Indicates to change to the parent folder. Insert a space between chdir and the two periods.

Note

　　Chdir treats spaces as delimiters. Enclose directory names that contain spaces in quotation marks. For example:
　　cd "driver cache"

　　Chdir only applies to the system directory of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root directory of a hard disk partition, or the local installation source.

Fault Recovery Console Command IV

Posted: BBS Tsinghua Station (Thu Aug 24 04:08:10 2000)

Chkdsk
Creates and displays a disk status report. Chkdsk also lists and corrects errors on the disk.

The chkdsk command with the following parameters can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 installation program. The chkdsk command with different parameters can be used at the Windows 2000 command prompt.


chkdsk

Parameters

None

If no parameters are specified, chkdsk will display the disk status of the current drive.

drive:

Specifies the drive to be checked by chkdsk.

/p

Performs a thorough check even if the drive is not within the scope of chkdsk's check. This parameter does not make any changes to the drive.

/r

Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information. Implies the /p parameter.

Note

Chkdsk requires the Autochk.exe file. If this file cannot be found in the startup directory (by default \Winnt\System32), it will try to find it on the Windows 2000 installation CD. If there is a multi-boot system computer, make sure to use this command on the drive containing Windows 2000.

Fault Recovery Console Command Five

Cls
Clear the screen.

After clearing, the screen only displays the command prompt and the insertion point.

cls

Parameters

None

Fault Recovery Console Command Part 6

Copy
Copies a single file to another location. The copy command with the following parameters can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 installation program. The copy command with different parameters can be used at the Windows 2000 command prompt.

copy source

Parameters

source

Specifies the location and name of the file to be copied. The source can consist of a drive letter and colon, directory name, file name, or a combination of them.

destination

Specifies the location and name of the file or file set to be copied. The destination can consist of a drive letter and colon, folder name, file name, or a combination of them.

Note

The source can be removable media, any directory in the system directory of the current Windows installation, the root directory of a drive, a local installation source, or the Cmdcons directory.
The destination can be any location that is the same as the source except for removable media. If the destination is not specified, it defaults to the current directory.
Compressed files in the Windows installation CD are uncompressed during the copy process.
Copy does not support wildcards.

Fault Recovery Console Command Seven

Delete (Del)
Deletes a single file. The delete or del commands with the following parameters can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 installation program. The delete or del commands with different parameters can be used at the Windows 2000 command prompt.

delete filename

or

del filename

Parameters

filename

Specifies the location and name of the file to be deleted.

Note

Delete only applies to the system directory of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root directory of a hard disk partition, or the local installation source.

Fault Recovery Console Commands Part 8

Dir
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. The dir command with the following parameters may only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 installation program. The dir command with different parameters can be used at the Windows 2000 command prompt.

dir

Parameters



Specifies the drive and directory for which you want to view the list.



Specifies a specific file or group of files for which you want to view the list. Multiple filenames can be used. Filenames can be separated by spaces, commas, or semicolons. Wildcards (? and *) can be used in the filename parameter to display a group of files.

Dir also lists the volume label and serial number of the disk, as well as the number of files listed, the total size, and the available space remaining on the disk in bytes. For each file and subdirectory, dir lists the file's extension, the number of bytes in the file, the last modified date and time of the file, and the following file attributes (if available):

Abbreviation Attribute
d Directory
h Hidden file
s System file
e Encrypted
r Read-only
a Archive file
c Compressed
p Reparse point


Note

Dir only applies to the system directory of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root directory of a hard disk partition, or the local installation source.

Fault Recovery Console Command 9　

Disable
Disables a Windows 2000 or Windows NT 4.0 system service or device driver. The disable command can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 setup program.

disable {service_name] |

Fault Recovery Console Commands Ten

Posted: BBS Tsinghua Station (Thu Aug 24 04:12:01 2000)

Diskpart
Create and delete partitions on a hard disk drive. The diskpart command can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 setup program.

diskpart


Parameters

None

If no parameters are provided, the diskpart command will start the Windows 2000 character-mode version of diskpart.

/add

Create a new partition.

/delete

Delete an existing partition.

device_name

The device on which to create or delete a partition. This name can be obtained from the output of the map command. Here are examples of device names:

\Device\HardDisk0

drive_name

The partition to delete, expressed as a drive letter. Only used with /delete. Here are examples of drive names:

D:

partition_name

The partition to delete, expressed as a partition name. Can be used instead of drive_name. Only used with /delete. Here are examples of partition names:

\Device\HardDisk0\Partition1

size

The size of the partition to create, in megabytes (MB). Only used with /add.

Examples

The following example deletes a partition:

diskpart /delete \Device\HardDisk0\Partition3

diskpart /delete F:

The following example adds a 20 MB partition to the hard disk:

diskpart /add \Device\HardDisk0 20

Fault Recovery Console Command XI

Enable

Enables a Windows 2000 or Windows NT 4.0 system service or device driver. The enable command can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 setup program.

enable {service_name | device_driver_name}

Parameters

service_name

The name of the system service to enable.

device_driver_name

The name of the device driver to enable.

startup_type

The startup type to assign to the service or device driver.

Examples

The following example sets the startup type of the Eventlog service to Automatic or SERVICE_AUTO_START:

enable eventlog service_auto_start

Notes

If a startup type is not assigned, the enable command will list the current startup type of the service or device driver specified in service_name.

There are five startup types. The first three types are: SERVICE_AUTO_START, SERVICE_DISABLED, and SERVICE_DEMAND_START. The corresponding standard startup types: Automatic, Disabled, and Manual, are usually configured using the Services management tool in Computer Management. The last two types are: SERVICE_BOOT_START and SERVICE_SYSTEM_START, which are usually used to configure how device drivers are loaded. For example, loaded when the computer starts or when Windows 2000 starts.

When using the enable command to change the startup type, the name of the last startup type will be displayed on the screen. You should write down that name so that you can restore the startup type to the previous setting when needed.

Recovery Console Command - Part Twelve

Exit
Closes the Windows 2000 Recovery Console and restarts the computer. The exit command can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be launched from the Windows 2000 installation program.

exit

Parameters

None

Recovery Console Command - Thirteen
Expand
Extract files from a compressed file. Use this command to extract driver files from CAB (.cab) files or compressed files on the Windows 2000 CD.

The expand command with different parameters can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console, which can be started from the Windows 2000 installer. You can use expand with different parameters at the Windows 2000 command prompt.

expand source | source.cab

Parameters

/d

List the files contained in the CAB file without expanding or extracting.

/y

Do not display the overwrite prompt when expanding or extracting files.

source

Specify the file to be expanded. Use this option if the source file contains only one file. source can be composed of a drive letter and colon, directory name, file name, or a combination of them. Wildcards cannot be used.

source.cab /f:filespec

Specify the CAB file from which to extract and the name of one or more files to extract. Use this option if the source file contains multiple files. Wildcards can be used for the files to be extracted.

destination

Specify the target directory and/or file name of the extracted file.

Examples

The following example extracts the Msgame.sys file from the driver CAB file on the Windows 2000 CD and copies it to C:\Winnt\System\Drivers:

expand d:\i386\driver.cab \f:msgame.sys c:\winnt\system\drivers

The following example expands the compressed file Access.cp_:

expand d:\i386\acces.cp_ c:\winnt\system32\access.cpl

The following example lists all files in the driver CAB file on the Windows 2000 CD.

expand /d d:\i386\driver.cab

Key Points

Driver CAB files contain thousands of files, including most of the drivers provided by Windows 2000. Expanding all files from the CAB file to the hard disk takes a long time and a large amount of disk space. It is recommended to only extract the files you need from this file.

Note

If no destination is specified, the file will be copied to the current directory.
Floppy drives or CD-ROMs cannot be specified as the destination.

Fault Recovery Console Command XIV
Fixboot
Writes a new partition boot sector to the system partition. The fixboot command can only be used when using the Windows 2000 Recovery Console. The Windows 2000 Recovery Console can be started from the Windows installation program.

fixboot

Parameters

drive

The drive to which the boot sector is to be written. This parameter replaces the default drive (the system partition where the user logged in). For example, drive:

D:

Example

The following command example writes a new partition boot sector to the system partition of drive D:

fixboot d:

Note

If no parameters are provided, the fixboot command will write a new partition boot sector to the system partition where the user logged in.