（已结）DOS显示多少行多少列以及字符、字母和汉字的关系 - 中国DOS联盟论坛

Re F60:

　　字符代表屏幕上可显示的符号，它不仅可以是一个英文字母，也可以数字、标点和其他键盘上的可打印字符，它还可以是一个中文字，一个阿拉伯字母或者任意的一个多国语言符号，甚至它可以是一个图形（当然，它需要有对应的编码与字模）。

　　一个汉字是一个字符，只是在很多汉字编码（例如GB 2312）中它占用两个字节，它通常在ＤＯＳ屏幕显示占用两个英文字符的位置，所以很多材料中近似的把双字节编码的字符看作两个“字符”。在Windows或其它新型的操作环境和应用程序中，汉字都已作为一个字符看待，比如编程语言VB或者ＣＭＤ命令set。

Re fdsiuha:

　　赞同你的见解，现补充一篇Qbasic关于屏幕显示模式的文档：

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following table summarizes screen modes:

----------MDPA, CGA, Hercules, Olivetti, EGA, VGA, or MCGA Adapters-----------
SCREEN 0: Text mode only
- 40 x 25, 40 x 43, 40 x 50, 80 x 25, 80 x 43, or 80 x 50 text format,
8 x 8 character box (8 x 14, 9 x 14, or 9 x 16 with EGA or VGA)
- 16 colors assigned to any of 16 attributes (with CGA or EGA)
- 64 colors assigned to any of 16 attributes (with EGA or VGA)
- Depending on the text resolution and adapter, 8 video memory pages
(0-7), 4 pages (0-3), 2 pages (0-1), or 1 page (0)

-----------------------CGA, EGA, VGA, or MCGA Adapters------------------------
SCREEN 1: 320 x 200 graphics
- 40 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box
- 16 background colors and one of two sets of 3 foreground colors
assigned using COLOR statement with CGA
- 16 colors assigned to 4 attributes with EGA or VGA
- 1 video memory page (0)
SCREEN 2: 640 x 200 graphics
- 80 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box
- 16 colors assigned to 2 attributes with EGA or VGA
- 1 video memory page (0)

---------------------Hercules, Olivetti, or AT&T Adapters---------------------
SCREEN 3: Hercules adapter required, monochrome monitor only
- 720 x 348 graphics
- 80 x 25 text format, 9 x 14 character box
- Usually 2 video memory pages (0-1); 1 page (0) if a second color
display adapter is installed
- PALETTE statement not supported
- Invoke the Hercules driver MSHERC.COM before using screen mode 3
SCREEN 4:
- Supports Olivetti Personal Computers models M24, M240, M28, M280,
M380, M380/C, and M380/T and AT&T Personal Computers 6300 series
- 640 x 400 graphics
- 80 x 25 text format, 8 x 16 character box
- 1 of 16 colors assigned as the foreground color (selected by the
COLOR statement); background is fixed at black
- 1 video memory page (0)
- PALETTE statement not supported

-----------------------------EGA or VGA Adapters------------------------------
SCREEN 7: 320 x 200 graphics
- 40 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box
- Assignment of 16 colors to any of 16 attributes
- If 64K EGA adapter memory, 2 video memory pages (0-1); otherwise,
8 pages (0-7)
SCREEN 8: 640 x 200 graphics
- 80 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box
- Assignment of 16 colors to any of 16 attributes
- If 64K EGA adapter memory, 1 video memory page (0); otherwise,
4 pages (0-3)
SCREEN 9: 640 x 350 graphics
- 80 x 25 or 80 x 43 text format, 8 x 14 or 8 x 8 character box
- 16 colors assigned to 4 attributes (64K adapter memory), or
64 colors assigned to 16 attributes (more than 64K adapter memory)
- If 64K EGA adapter memory, 1 video memory page (0); otherwise,
2 pages (0-1)

-----------------EGA or VGA Adapters, Monochrome Monitor Only-----------------
SCREEN 10: 640 x 350 graphics, monochrome monitor only
- 80 x 25 or 80 x 43 text format, 8 x 14 or 8 x 8 character box
- Up to 9 pseudocolors assigned to 4 attributes
- 2 video memory pages (0-1), 256K adapter memory required

-----------------------------VGA or MCGA Adapters-----------------------------
Screen 11 (VGA or MCGA)
- 640 x 480 graphics
- 80 x 30 or 80 x 60 text format, 8 x 16 or 8 x 8 character box
- Assignment of up to 256K colors to 2 attributes
- 1 video memory page (0)
Screen 12 (VGA)
- 640 x 480 graphics
- 80 x 30 or 80 x 60 text format, 8 x 16 or 8 x 8 character box
- Assignment of up to 256K colors to 16 attributes
- 1 video memory page (0)
Screen 13 (VGA or MCGA)
- 320 x 200 graphics
- 40 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box
- Assignment of up to 256K colors to 256 attributes
- 1 video memory page (0)

[ Last edited by willsort on 2005-8-13 at 19:04 ]

第1楼　F60	发表于 2005-08-12 13:50
初级用户　发帖 15　积分 31
（已结）DOS显示多少行多少列以及字符、字母和汉字的关系一个字符是一个英文字母吗？一个汉字是两个字符吗？ ---------- Edited by willsort 18:54 2005-8-13 --------- 字符、字母和汉字的关系见６楼屏幕的行列数与显示模式相关，见５楼和６楼 ---------- Edited by willsort 18:54 2005-8-13 ---------- [ Last edited by willsort on 2005-8-13 at 19:06 ]

第2楼　GOTOmsdos	发表于 2005-08-12 13:54
铂金会员　发帖 1,827　积分 5,154
DOS显示25行80列一个字符是包括英文字母和符号一个汉字占两个字符

第3楼　F60	发表于 2005-08-12 14:37
初级用户　发帖 15　积分 31
谢谢~~

第4楼　JonePeng	发表于 2005-08-12 15:49
金牌会员　发帖 1,883　积分 4,562　来自广东广州
字符除了字母和符号以外，还有数字以及32个控制符。

第5楼　fdsiuha	发表于 2005-08-12 21:44
高级用户　发帖 302　积分 587
半角英文字符，确实是ASCII中所定义的。编码0-255，占1个字节（8位=2^8=256）的空间。对于一个汉字字符来说，不仅字符点阵捉襟见肘，而且编码也是远远不够的，所以汉字采用了两个字节来编码一个汉字，两个ASCII大小的点阵组成一个汉字图形点阵的方式。所以可以说汉字（所有全角字符）确实可以称为双字节字符。另外的显示模式的问题，一般而言DOS确实使用2580（ASCII）的显示模式，这种显示模式是早期CGA所支持，但是这个是可以变化的，分两种情况。 1 是汉字操作系统，启动后ASCII字体与之前有不同，可以看出屏幕在显示正常部分以外下方还多了几行。这是一种情况。 2 使用MODE命令显示模式，具体的使用方法可以参考DOS命令手册。这种情况属于调用BIOS的0x0A号的标准字符显示模式，对于一般常见的VESA显卡，我们不仅可以获得早期的4025的模式，而且可以使用更高的13225的VESA字符模式。（另外要说明一点，如果花屏--DOS下的状况--可以使用MODE 80命令，恢复正常8025的显示模式，有的时候退出汉字系统的时候需要使用到） [ Last edited by fdsiuha on 2005-8-13 at 20:36 ]

第6楼　willsort	发表于 2005-08-13 18:23
元老会员　发帖 1,512　积分 4,432
Re F60: 　　字符代表屏幕上可显示的符号，它不仅可以是一个英文字母，也可以数字、标点和其他键盘上的可打印字符，它还可以是一个中文字，一个阿拉伯字母或者任意的一个多国语言符号，甚至它可以是一个图形（当然，它需要有对应的编码与字模）。　　一个汉字是一个字符，只是在很多汉字编码（例如GB 2312）中它占用两个字节，它通常在ＤＯＳ屏幕显示占用两个英文字符的位置，所以很多材料中近似的把双字节编码的字符看作两个“字符”。在Windows或其它新型的操作环境和应用程序中，汉字都已作为一个字符看待，比如编程语言VB或者ＣＭＤ命令set。 Re fdsiuha: 　　赞同你的见解，现补充一篇Qbasic关于屏幕显示模式的文档： ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The following table summarizes screen modes: ----------MDPA, CGA, Hercules, Olivetti, EGA, VGA, or MCGA Adapters----------- SCREEN 0: Text mode only - 40 x 25, 40 x 43, 40 x 50, 80 x 25, 80 x 43, or 80 x 50 text format, 8 x 8 character box (8 x 14, 9 x 14, or 9 x 16 with EGA or VGA) - 16 colors assigned to any of 16 attributes (with CGA or EGA) - 64 colors assigned to any of 16 attributes (with EGA or VGA) - Depending on the text resolution and adapter, 8 video memory pages (0-7), 4 pages (0-3), 2 pages (0-1), or 1 page (0) -----------------------CGA, EGA, VGA, or MCGA Adapters------------------------ SCREEN 1: 320 x 200 graphics - 40 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box - 16 background colors and one of two sets of 3 foreground colors assigned using COLOR statement with CGA - 16 colors assigned to 4 attributes with EGA or VGA - 1 video memory page (0) SCREEN 2: 640 x 200 graphics - 80 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box - 16 colors assigned to 2 attributes with EGA or VGA - 1 video memory page (0) ---------------------Hercules, Olivetti, or AT&T Adapters--------------------- SCREEN 3: Hercules adapter required, monochrome monitor only - 720 x 348 graphics - 80 x 25 text format, 9 x 14 character box - Usually 2 video memory pages (0-1); 1 page (0) if a second color display adapter is installed - PALETTE statement not supported - Invoke the Hercules driver MSHERC.COM before using screen mode 3 SCREEN 4: - Supports Olivetti Personal Computers models M24, M240, M28, M280, M380, M380/C, and M380/T and AT&T Personal Computers 6300 series - 640 x 400 graphics - 80 x 25 text format, 8 x 16 character box - 1 of 16 colors assigned as the foreground color (selected by the COLOR statement); background is fixed at black - 1 video memory page (0) - PALETTE statement not supported -----------------------------EGA or VGA Adapters------------------------------ SCREEN 7: 320 x 200 graphics - 40 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box - Assignment of 16 colors to any of 16 attributes - If 64K EGA adapter memory, 2 video memory pages (0-1); otherwise, 8 pages (0-7) SCREEN 8: 640 x 200 graphics - 80 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box - Assignment of 16 colors to any of 16 attributes - If 64K EGA adapter memory, 1 video memory page (0); otherwise, 4 pages (0-3) SCREEN 9: 640 x 350 graphics - 80 x 25 or 80 x 43 text format, 8 x 14 or 8 x 8 character box - 16 colors assigned to 4 attributes (64K adapter memory), or 64 colors assigned to 16 attributes (more than 64K adapter memory) - If 64K EGA adapter memory, 1 video memory page (0); otherwise, 2 pages (0-1) -----------------EGA or VGA Adapters, Monochrome Monitor Only----------------- SCREEN 10: 640 x 350 graphics, monochrome monitor only - 80 x 25 or 80 x 43 text format, 8 x 14 or 8 x 8 character box - Up to 9 pseudocolors assigned to 4 attributes - 2 video memory pages (0-1), 256K adapter memory required -----------------------------VGA or MCGA Adapters----------------------------- Screen 11 (VGA or MCGA) - 640 x 480 graphics - 80 x 30 or 80 x 60 text format, 8 x 16 or 8 x 8 character box - Assignment of up to 256K colors to 2 attributes - 1 video memory page (0) Screen 12 (VGA) - 640 x 480 graphics - 80 x 30 or 80 x 60 text format, 8 x 16 or 8 x 8 character box - Assignment of up to 256K colors to 16 attributes - 1 video memory page (0) Screen 13 (VGA or MCGA) - 320 x 200 graphics - 40 x 25 text format, 8 x 8 character box - Assignment of up to 256K colors to 256 attributes - 1 video memory page (0) [ Last edited by willsort on 2005-8-13 at 19:04 ]