|
ko20010214
版主
       
积分 7294
发帖 1628
注册 2002-10-16
状态 离线
|
『楼 主』:
Windows 3.1入门[转帖]
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
Windows 3.1入门
/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
一、Windows的发展
二、Windows 3.1新增特点
三、Windows 3.1的基本组成
四、Windows 3.1中应用程序的使用
五、Windows 3.1画笔软件的使用
六、Windows 3.1的实际应用(WPS,PCTOOLS8.0的应用)
七、Windows 3.1的简化键表
一、Windows的发展
Windows最初由Microsoft公司于1983年11月颁布,在时隔二年之后的1985年11月,推出了Windows的最初版。Windows 1.30版(1986年8月),是一种美国国内版,Windows 1.04版(1987年4月)增加了主要用于支持IBM PS/2的行视频模式显示设备的相应功能。
在1987年11月,Windows 2.0版问世。为了与OS/2显示管理程序的用户界面一致,Windows 2.0版对窗口的外部特征和用户界面做了相应的改变。最明显的变化是“重迭”窗口的使用,这与1.01版的“平面”式界面截然不同。同样,2.0版还对键盘、鼠标接口进行了改善,包括对清单和会话框性能的加强。
Windows划时代的发展是1990年5月推出的3.0版,它与以前的任何版本都不同, 首先是用户界面,使得操作与概念更形象化。最重要的突破是,Windows3.0版支持Intel 80286和80386的保护模式,使用户程序可以超过常规640K KAM的运行空间,为未来的PC-DOS奠定了基础。
1992年,继Windows 3.0后又推出了Windows 3.1版,与3.0相比,Windows 3.1版增加了许多新的功能,主要是提供了字符图、收录机、多媒介管理器等具有时代特点的桌面办公用具,改进了办公的软环境,摒弃了前期版本中的实模式, 将其融入了标准模式及386增强型模式之中等等。
二、Windows 3.1新增特点
Windows 3.1的新增特点如下所述:
1.Setup的增强
Setup程序大大简单化。选择快速安装(Express setup)程序可自动安装Windows。 用户只需键入自己的名字并回答几个简单问题(如使用的是什么型号的打印机)。
如果用户要求较多地控制安装Windows,则可用用户化安装(Custom Setup)。
2.改进对非Windows应用程序的支持
新Windows包括了非Windows应用程序的程序信息文件(PIFs),这些文件(PIFs) 在将非Windows应用程序增加进程序管理器(Program Manager)的同时建立,所以在Windows中运行这些应用程序就更为容易。
3.网络改进
当重新启动Windows时,系统重新联接以前联接过的打印机和网络驱动器。
4.字符图(Character Map)
Windows字符图是新增加一项附件应用程序,可用它给用户的应用程序中插入键盘上没有的特殊字符。
5.Object Packager
Object Packager是新的附件应用程序。可用来链接和嵌入信息。
6.增强了联机帮助
除了对整个Windows完整的索引帮助系统之外,还有针对用户正在操作的任务与上下文有关的帮助系统。按F1键能很容易地获得有关正在执行的任务的信息。
7.改进的启动配置
Windows启动时,它将运行(加载)放在程序管理器StarUp组中程序项肖像的所有应用程序。
在程序管理器和文件管理器中,从一个Windows对话框到下一个对话框。 用户可以保留窗口、肖像的目录的位置,也可以保留用户改变的菜单设置。
8.使台面用户化的多种途径
Windows 3.1有较多台面颜色方案可供选择,其中包括三种供LCD 监测器使用的颜色方案:
此外还有屏幕保存器,屏幕保存器(Screen Saver)减少了屏幕损耗,还可能实施口令保护,对用户的工作保密。
9.串口的增强
Windows增加了串口通信,用户可以使用以前Windows不能识别的串联端口。给端口1和3、2和4设置独立的中断。
10.新的应用程序项集合
程序管理器中提供了一个肖像集, 用户可以在其中选择肖像来代表自己的应用程序。
程序管理器中还有一个文件(MORICONS.DLL),其中包含了用以代表非Windows应用程序的肖像。
11.对话框标准化
许多常用对话框,在整个Windows 3.1中的样子都一样,因此就更容易在Windows应用程序之间完成任务。
12.性能的改进
Windows 3.1的性能有许多重大的改进,表现在:
1).程序管理器所需内存较少,因而可以建立更多的分组而不必考虑内存不够。
2).文件管理器更快:在移动、复制文件以及搜寻驱动器、目录时,屏幕反应更快。另外还可以中断耗时的过程。
3).在一个窗口中执行一个非Windows应用程序比在386增加型模式下执行要快,并且能在Windows和非Windows应用程序之间快速方便地切换。
4).打印快速高效:文书快速 打印后立即返回到用户的应用程序。
5).用SMARTDrive提高了磁盘高速缓存的速度,用非Windows应用程序打开。保存和管理文件更快更方便。
6).Windows 3.1中配有多媒介管理器,不仅顺应了多媒介这一潮流,而且较为实用, 可望在后续版中更能有所突破。
7).提供了功能强大的应用程序,如字处理器、画笔软件、终端仿真通信软件等。
8).提供了桌面办公用具,如时钟、卡片、日历、计算器、便笺、记录器、字符图收录机、多媒介管理器等。
9).为非Windows应用程序提供了PIF编辑器,为Windows 应用程序提供了软件开发工具包SDK。
10).在用户界面、操作方法上更为自然、方便,提出了“drag and drop”的新思想。新的“牵引和放置”功能使得在文件管理器中打印、拷贝或移动文件更方便。用鼠标很容易将一个文件的肖像从一个位置牵引到另一个位置。例如,若想打印文件, 就将该文件的肖像由文件管理器中牵出并放置到缩小的打印管理器(Print Manager) 窗口。
如果想建立一个程序项来启动一个应用程序, 就从文件管理器中牵引出该应用程序的文件肖像。放置到Windows程序管理器的一个肖像组,即窗口中。
三、Windows 3.1的基本组成
Windows主要由系统管理应用程序,附加的应用程序和高级用户信息组成。 下面将分别作一介绍。
1.系统管理应用程序
系统管理应用程序包括:
·程序管理器,用来组织用户的管理程序。
·文件管理器,帮助用户组织和管理磁盘文件目录。
·控制面板,用来修改Windows设置(如屏幕颜色和字体),设置打印机、 多媒介硬件以及调制解调器,修改工作台面的布局。
·打印管理器,用来调度和响应从Windows及非Windows 应用程序中发出的所有打印请求。
·PIF编辑器,用于创建或修改非Windows应用程序的程序信息文件(PIFS)。
·任务表,在任意时刻可用于在应用程序与工作台面之间快速切换。
·剪接板,用于在不同程序之间,从一个窗口将信息移动或拷贝到另一个窗口中。
1).程序管理器
启动Windows时,首先看到的是程序管理器,程序管理器窗口显示主组的内容。主组也就是能在Windows中运行的应用程序集。主组中应用程序的名字、肖像显示在分组窗口(group window)中。用程序管理器可以完成很多重要任务,如:
·启动应用程序
·将用户的应用程序组织成组,以便于访问。
·给分组增加应用程序,从分组中删除应用程序。
·建立和删除分组。
·给启动组中增加应用程序以便启动Windows时立即启动它们。
退出Windows
在程序管理器中,用鼠标器选择肖像来启动一个应用程序。每一个应用程序窗口中,可按一次鼠标选择一个菜单命令,选择缩小按钮,可将应用程序收缩成肖像, 用鼠标在应用程序窗口的控制菜单框上按动两次,可关闭应用程序。
2).文件管理器
Windows文件管理器将文件和目录用图形的形式加以描述,帮助用户组织它们并简化文件的维护。
Windows文件管理器有新的屏幕安排:左边是目录列表窗口, 右边是“打开”目录的内容,不必打开独立窗口。用户就可以很容易地浏览文件系统, 文件管理器有下面几点改进:
a.能立刻显示多个驱动器或目录的内容, 可以很方便地从一个目录或驱动器中将文件和子目录复制或转移到另一个目录或驱动器上。
b.由于有多个带明显标号的窗口,磁盘驱动器和网络路径,使得文件管理器更易使用。
c.在文件管理器窗口有多种字号可供显示信息,这样就可以控制在文件管理器窗口上一次显示的文件信息量。
d.增强的网络支持可使联接网络驱动器和解除网络驱动器更为方便。
e.不必启动MS-DOS或退出Windows系统,选用快速格式化(Quick Format)可以格式化软盘,并将文件拷入其内部。
f.对磁盘空间的利用及使用情况给用户提供更多的信息。
在主分组窗口中用鼠标器按动两次该肖像即可启动文件管理器。
文件管理器的功能是:
·浏览目录内容
·移动、复制、删除文件和目录
·改变磁盘驱动器,包括网络驱动器等
·格式化磁盘
·打印文件
·启动应用程序
·建立新目录和子目录
在文件管理器中利用“牵引和放置”(drag and drop)功能,用户可借助鼠标快速移动,复制文件。将鼠标定位在文件肖像口,按住鼠标左键不放,移动该文件肖像到驱动器肖像,再放开鼠标,肖像就放置到驱动器肖像上。
3).控制面板(Control Panel)
Windows控制面板是用来调节系统设置的工具,比如改变Windows 台面的式样和某些硬件的配置。
在主分组窗口用鼠标器两次按动控制面板的肖像就可启动控制面板。
控制面板的功能有:
(1)增加、取消字型
(2)改变屏幕颜色和台面选项
(3)为打印机设置可选项
每一个控制面板肖像都表示了一套可以改变的系统设置。选择控制板面中的肖像,就可以实现改变。
a.使用对话框(Dialog boxes)
在改变设置时用到的窗口叫对话框。对话框要求输入信息,例如,用户要做某些选择,键入一些内容或指定设置,在使用Windows的整个程中都要用对话框提供信息。
b.控制面板的部分功能
下面列出可用控制面板改变的设置的部分种类。
(1)改变鼠标器或其它打印设备的选择项,例如两次按键率
(2)改变网络联接的设置
(3)改变应用程序的内部设置
(4)如果有语音卡,可给“系统事件”分配声音,例如每次启动Windows时让它演奏一段音乐
(5)如果有语音卡或乐器数字接口(MIDI)驱动器,可增加、取消、配置声音和乐器数字接口驱动器
4).打印管理器(Print Manager)
Windows打印管理器控制打印并跟踪打印作业,打印管理器窗口显示打印机的状态以及正在打印及等待打印的作业。
在主分组(Main group)窗口中用鼠标器两次按动打印肖像, 就可看到打印管理器窗口。
用Windows打印管理程序,用户可以很容易地安装打印机和联接网络打印机。
此外,Windows 3.1改进了几种Windows打印机驱动程序,使得打印文件速度更快。
例如,对Hewlett-Puckard LazerJet系列II、III型打印机的支持的, 使打印机能以波特率为19200的速度打印。如果用户使用是这种打印机, 就可以充分利用这一优点来加速打印。
新的打印管理器更快,效率更高,能更快地返回并控制用户的应用程序, 这样在打印文件的同时,可以快速返回并操作其它文件。
通过将文件肖像从文件管理器牵引到缩小的打印管理器窗口, 可以打印大多数文件。
另外,Windows 3.1的最大特点就是增加了真实打印字型。真实打印(True Type)提供了一整套字型足以满足几乎所有打印的各种需要。
真实打印字型有大小之分,可以严格挑选文书所需的字型号。在点阵式打印机或激光打印机上打印出来的文件和在屏幕上显示的文件(不需借助专用屏幕,字卡或软字型)完全一样。
Windows 3.1提供以下的真实打印型系列:
Arial
Courier New
Symbol
Times New Roman
打印管理器的功能:
·检查打印作业状态。
·暂停和再启动打印作业。
·取消打印作业。
5).应用程序之间的切换
用Windows可同时执行几个应用程序,因此使工作更加方便, 但是当打开几个窗口时,就不容易找到已覆盖的应用程序窗口。
保持跟踪应用程序窗口的一个简单方法,就是利用Windows 快速应用程序窗口切换功能。按下ALT键后再重复按TAB键,就能实现从一个应用程序窗口到另一个应用程序窗口的快速切换。如果连续按TAB键,Windows中当前运行的每一个应用程序窗口的标题就出现在屏幕中央。
2.Windows附件
Windows软件包中包含了一些附加的应用程序,主要是:
①Write字处理器
②Windows画笔,是调配颜色及绘图的应用程序
③终端仿真程序,是一种通信应用程序
④桌面办公用具,用以改进Windows工作台面环境的应用程序,包括:
a.计算器
b.日历程序
c.卡片文件
d.字符图
e.时钟
f.媒介调度软件
g.便笺
h.记录器
i.收录机软件
3.高级用户信息
高级用户信息帮助用户充分利用Windows,以更高的效率使用计算机及运行应用程序,它包括:1).集成Windows应用程序信息;2).改进与优化Windows;3).用Setup重新配置Windows
Introduction to Windows 3.1
/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Development of Windows
II. New Features of Windows 3.1
III. Basic Components of Windows 3.1
IV. Use of Applications in Windows 3.1
V. Use of Paint Software in Windows 3.1
VI. Practical Applications of Windows 3.1 (Applications of WPS, PCTOOLS 8.0)
VII. Simplified Keymap of Windows 3.1
I. Development of Windows
Windows was initially promulgated by Microsoft Corporation in November 1983. Two years later, in November 1985, the initial version of Windows was released. The Windows 1.30 version (August 1986) was a domestic version in the United States. The Windows 1.04 version (April 1987) added corresponding functions mainly to support the line video mode display devices of IBM PS/2.
In November 1987, the Windows 2.0 version was released. In order to be consistent with the user interface of the OS/2 display manager, the Windows 2.0 version made corresponding changes to the external characteristics and user interface of the window. The most obvious change was the use of "overlapping" windows, which was completely different from the "flat" interface of the 1.01 version. Similarly, the 2.0 version also improved the keyboard and mouse interface, including strengthening the performance of the list and dialog box.
The epoch-making development of Windows was the 3.0 version released in May 1990. It was different from any previous version. First, the user interface made the operation and concept more visualized. The most important breakthrough was that the Windows 3.0 version supported the protected mode of Intel 80286 and 80386, enabling user programs to exceed the running space of the conventional 640K RAM, laying the foundation for future PC-DOS.
In 1992, after Windows 3.0, the Windows 3.1 version was released. Compared with 3.0, the Windows 3.1 version added many new functions. Mainly, it provided desktop office appliances with era characteristics such as character map, recorder, multimedia manager, improved the soft environment of office, abandoned the real mode in the previous version, and integrated it into the standard mode and 386 enhanced mode, etc.
II. New Features of Windows 3.1
The new features of Windows 3.1 are as follows:
1. Enhancement of Setup
The Setup program is greatly simplified. Selecting the Express setup program can automatically install Windows. The user only needs to type in his own name and answer a few simple questions (such as what model of printer is used).
If the user requires more control over installing Windows, the Custom Setup can be used.
2. Improved Support for Non-Windows Applications
The new Windows includes program information files (PIFs) for non-Windows applications. These files (PIFs) are established while adding non-Windows applications to the Program Manager, so it is easier to run these applications in Windows.
3. Network Improvement
When restarting Windows, the system reconnects the previously connected printers and network drives.
4. Character Map
The Windows character map is a newly added accessory application, which can be used to insert special characters not on the keyboard into the user's application.
5. Object Packager
Object Packager is a new accessory application. It can be used to link and embed information.
6. Enhanced Online Help
In addition to the complete index help system for the entire Windows, there is also a context-related help system for the task that the user is currently operating. Pressing the F1 key can easily obtain information about the task being performed.
7. Improved Startup Configuration
When Windows starts, it will run (load) all applications in the portrait of the program in the Startup group of the Program Manager.
In the Program Manager and File Manager, from one Windows dialog box to the next. The user can retain the position of the window, the directory of the portrait, and can also retain the menu settings changed by the user.
8. Multiple Ways to Customize the Desktop
Windows 3.1 has more desktop color schemes for selection, including three color schemes for LCD monitors:
There is also a screen saver. The screen saver reduces screen wear and may implement password protection to keep the user's work confidential.
9. Enhancement of Serial Port
Windows has added serial port communication, and the user can use the serial port that Windows could not recognize before. Set independent interrupts for port 1 and 3, and port 2 and 4.
10. New Collection of Application Items
A portrait set is provided in the Program Manager, and the user can select portraits to represent his own application.
There is also a file (MORICONS.DLL) in the Program Manager, which contains portraits to represent non-Windows applications.
11. Standardization of Dialog Boxes
Many commonly used dialog boxes look the same throughout Windows 3.1, so it is easier to complete tasks between Windows applications.
12. Performance Improvement
There are many significant improvements in the performance of Windows 3.1, which are manifested in:
1). The Program Manager requires less memory, so more groups can be established without worrying about insufficient memory.
2). The File Manager is faster: when moving, copying files, and searching for drives and directories, the screen responds faster. In addition, time-consuming processes can be interrupted.
3). Executing a non-Windows application in one window is faster than in the 386 enhanced mode, and can quickly and conveniently switch between Windows and non-Windows applications.
4). Printing is fast and efficient: the document is quickly printed and then returns to the user's application immediately.
5). The disk cache speed is improved by SMARTDrive, and it is faster and more convenient to open, save, and manage files with non-Windows applications.
6). Windows 3.1 is equipped with a multimedia manager, which not only conforms to the trend of multimedia but is also more practical, and it is expected to make more breakthroughs in subsequent versions.
7). Powerful applications are provided, such as word processors, paint software, terminal simulation communication software, etc.
8). Desktop office appliances are provided, such as clock, card, calendar, calculator, notepad, recorder, character map recorder, multimedia manager, etc.
9). A PIF editor is provided for non-Windows applications, and a software development kit SDK is provided for Windows applications.
10). It is more natural and convenient in terms of user interface and operation method, and a new idea of "drag and drop" is proposed. The new "drag and place" function makes it more convenient to print, copy, or move files in the File Manager. It is easy to drag the portrait of a file from one position to another with the mouse. For example, if you want to print a file, drag the portrait of the file out of the File Manager and place it in the minimized Print Manager window.
If you want to create a program item to start an application, drag the file portrait of the application out of the File Manager and place it in a portrait group of the Windows Program Manager, that is, in the window.
III. Basic Components of Windows 3.1
Windows is mainly composed of system management applications, additional applications, and advanced user information. The following will be introduced respectively.
1. System Management Applications
System management applications include:
·Program Manager, used to organize the user's management programs.
·File Manager, helps the user organize and manage disk file directories.
·Control Panel, used to modify Windows settings (such as screen color and font), set printers, multimedia hardware, and modems, and modify the layout of the desktop.
·Print Manager, used to schedule and respond to all print requests issued from Windows and non-Windows applications.
·PIF Editor, used to create or modify the program information file (PIFS) of non-Windows applications.
·Task List, can be used to quickly switch between applications and the desktop at any time.
·Clipboard, used to move or copy information from one window to another window between different programs.
1). Program Manager
When Windows is started, the Program Manager is first seen. The Program Manager window displays the contents of the main group. The main group is also the set of applications that can run in Windows. The names and portraits of the applications in the main group are displayed in the group window. Many important tasks can be completed with the Program Manager, such as:
·Start applications
·Organize the user's applications into groups for easy access.
·Add applications to the group and delete applications from the group.
·Create and delete groups.
·Add applications to the Startup group so that they are started immediately when Windows is started.
Exit Windows
In the Program Manager, use the mouse to select the portrait to start an application. In each application window, press the mouse once to select a menu command, select the minimize button, and the application can be shrunk into a portrait. Press the mouse twice on the control menu box of the application window to close the application.
2). File Manager
The Windows File Manager describes files and directories in a graphical form, helps the user organize them, and simplifies file maintenance.
The Windows File Manager has a new screen arrangement: the directory list window is on the left, and the content of the "Open" directory is on the right, so that the user can easily browse the file system without opening an independent window. The File Manager has the following improvements:
a. Can immediately display the contents of multiple drives or directories, and can easily copy or transfer files and subdirectories from one directory or drive to another directory or drive.
b. Because there are multiple windows with obvious labels, disk drives, and network paths, the File Manager is easier to use.
c. There are multiple font sizes available in the File Manager window to display information, so that the amount of file information displayed in the File Manager window at one time can be controlled.
d. Enhanced network support makes it more convenient to connect and disconnect network drives.
e. Without starting MS-DOS or exiting the Windows system, Quick Format can be used to format the floppy disk and copy files into it.
f. Provide the user with more information on disk space utilization and usage.
The File Manager can be started by double-clicking the portrait in the main group window with the mouse.
The functions of the File Manager are:
·Browse directory contents
·Move, copy, delete files and directories
·Change disk drives, including network drives, etc.
·Format disks
·Print files
·Start applications
·Create new directories and subdirectories
In the File Manager, using the "drag and drop" function, the user can quickly move and copy files with the mouse. Position the mouse on the file portrait, hold down the left mouse button, move the file portrait to the drive portrait, and then release the mouse, and the portrait will be placed on the drive portrait.
3). Control Panel
The Windows Control Panel is a tool for adjusting system settings, such as changing the style of the Windows desktop and the configuration of some hardware.
The Control Panel can be started by double-clicking the portrait of the Control Panel in the main group window with the mouse.
The functions of the Control Panel are:
(1) Add and cancel fonts
(2) Change screen color and desktop options
(3) Set options for the printer
Each Control Panel portrait represents a set of system settings that can be changed. Selecting the portrait in the control panel can achieve the change.
a. Use Dialog boxes
The window used when changing settings is called a dialog box. The dialog box requires input of information, for example, the user has to make some choices, type in some content, or specify settings. Dialog boxes are used to provide information throughout the use of Windows.
b. Part of the functions of the Control Panel
The following lists some types of settings that can be changed with the Control Panel.
(1) Change options of the mouse or other printing devices, such as double-click rate
(2) Change settings for network connection
(3) Change internal settings of applications
(4) If there is a sound card, assign sounds to "system events", for example, play a piece of music every time Windows is started
(5) If there is a sound card or musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) driver, add, cancel, and configure sound and MIDI drivers
4). Print Manager
The Windows Print Manager controls printing and tracks print jobs. The Print Manager window displays the status of the printer and the jobs that are printing and waiting to be printed.
The Print Manager window can be seen by double-clicking the print portrait in the Main group window with the mouse.
With the Windows print management program, the user can easily install printers and connect network printers.
In addition, Windows 3.1 has improved several Windows printer drivers, making the file printing speed faster.
For example, the support for Hewlett-Packard LazerJet series II and III printers enables the printer to print at a baud rate of 19200. If the user is using this type of printer, this advantage can be fully utilized to speed up printing.
The new Print Manager is faster and more efficient, and can return and control the user's application more quickly, so that while printing files, other files can be quickly returned and operated.
Most files can be printed by dragging the file portrait from the File Manager to the minimized Print Manager window.
In addition, the biggest feature of Windows 3.1 is the addition of True Type fonts. True Type provides a complete set of fonts to meet almost all printing needs.
True Type fonts have different sizes, and the font size required for the document can be strictly selected. The files printed on the dot matrix printer or laser printer are exactly the same as the files displayed on the screen (without the need for a special screen, character card, or soft font).
Windows 3.1 provides the following True Type font series:
Arial
Courier New
Symbol
Times New Roman
Functions of the Print Manager:
·Check the status of print jobs.
·Pause and restart print jobs.
·Cancel print jobs.
5). Switching Between Applications
With Windows, several applications can be executed simultaneously, making the work more convenient. However, when several windows are opened, it is not easy to find the covered application window.
A simple way to keep track of application windows is to use the Windows quick application window switching function. Press the ALT key and then repeatedly press the TAB key to quickly switch from one application window to another. If you continuously press the TAB key, the title of each currently running application window in Windows will appear in the center of the screen.
2. Windows Accessories
The Windows software package contains some additional applications, mainly:
①Write word processor
②Windows Paint, which is an application for调配 colors and drawing
③Terminal emulator, which is a communication application
④Desktop office appliances, which are applications to improve the Windows desktop environment, including:
a. Calculator
b. Calendar program
c. Card file
d. Character map
e. Clock
f. Media scheduling software
g. Notepad
h. Recorder
i. Recorder software
3. Advanced User Information
Advanced user information helps the user make full use of Windows and use the computer and run applications with higher efficiency. It includes: 1). Integrated Windows application information; 2). Improve and optimize Windows; 3). Reconfigure Windows with Setup
|

ko20010214
=================================
大功告成,打个Kiss!
ko20010214@MSN.com
神州优雅Q300C
Intel CeleronM 370处理器 | 256MbDDR内存
40G硬盘 | USB2.0 | IEEE 1394
13.3 ' WXGA 宽屏(16:10) | COMBO光驱
10/100M网卡 | 四合一读卡器
|
|
2003-1-4 00:00 |
|
|
ko20010214
版主
       
积分 7294
发帖 1628
注册 2002-10-16
状态 离线
|
『第 2 楼』:
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
四、Windows 3.1中应用程序的使用
Windows的主要优点之一是它能同时运行两个或更多的应用程序。Windows 不仅提供同时处理多个应用程序的能力,还可以在运行中的应用程序间传递重要信息。许多类型的应用程序在Windows 3.1中充分利用了图形接口和其它有效的功能,它们使用下拉式菜单和对话框,提供标准菜单项,运用在Windows中的键盘和鼠标器约定等等。这些应用程序与Windows软件包提供的应用程序一样称为Windows应用程序。
利用Windows 3.1,用户可以:
·快速启动每天运行的应用程序。
·将应用程序分组,使用更加方便。
·同时运行两个或更多的应用程序,并方便地应用程序间切换。
·使用Clipboard(裁剪板)在应用程序间剪贴信息。
1.应用程序的类型
应用程序主要分为四类,均可在Windows操作系统下运行,分别是:
·Windows应用程序(为Windows 3.0及其后续版本设计的)。
·旧版本的Windows应用程序(为Windows 3.0以前的版本设计的)。
·非Windows应用程序(为MS DOS设计的,大多数可在Windows下运行)。
·内存驻留程序
a.Windows应用程序
大多数Windows应用程序都包含在Main组(如File Manager和Control Panel)和Accessories组内(Write Paintbrush和Notepad)。
b.旧版本的Windows应用程序
如果已有以前版本的Windows,有些应用程序可以不加修改地在3.0版本上运行。
c.非Windows应用程序
非Windows应用程序是为MS-DOS而不是为Windows设计的,它们不能使用Windows的图形接口,也可能没有菜单或对话框,有的还不能使用鼠标,大多数非Windows应用程序可在Windows中占用整个工作台面,看起来象Windows不存在而只是在MS-DOS 下运行。
同时运行的应用程序共享计算机资源,共享资源的方式取决于这些应用程序是Windows应用程序还是非Windows应用程序以及运行的窗口的模式。
2.启动应用程序
Windows为启动应用程序提供了四种方法:
(1)从程序管理器中启动应用程序
如果应用程序属于一个组, 则启动它最简单的方法就是从分组窗口中选取它。如果某个文档包含在这个应用程序中,它将被放入应用程序工作区。
从组启动应用程序的操作为:
使用鼠标器:
a.如果程序管理器窗口还未打开,则打开它。
b.打开包含所需启动的应用程序的分组窗口。
c.定位并按键两次选择应用程序肖像。
(2)从文件管理器启动应用程序。
可以从文件管理器启动应用程序通过从目录窗口打开程序文件。程序文件有.COM、.EXE、.PIF或.BAT文件扩展名。如果应用程序可在某个窗口中运行, 则这个窗口将出现在任何打开的文件管理窗口前,如果应用程序是全屏幕应用程序,则应用程序屏幕将覆盖文件管理窗口。
从文件管理器启动应用程序的操作为:
使用鼠标器:
a.在Main组中启动文件管理器并打开包含程序文件的目录窗口。
b.定位选择所需的驱动器肖像。
c.定位选择所需的目录肖像。
d.定位并按键两次选择文件名。
(3)利用Run命令启动应用程序
Run命令是启动仅偶尔运行或未加入组的应用程序的简便方法。
(4)使用DOS命令提示符启动应用程序
有时要从Windows中运行一个非Windows应用程序(如MS-DOS常用命令), 用户可以通过使用程序管理器,用对运行Windows应用程序同样的方式运行它。
a.在程序管理器中打开主分组窗口。
b.定位并按键两次选择DOS提示符肖像,或利用光标键将光标移至肖像, 然后按回车键。
在DOS提示符出现时,就可键入MS-DOS命令并启动任何非Windows应用程序。
退出DOS提示符的操作
a.键入exit
b.按回车
3.运行两个或多个应用程序
在Windows中,可启动应用程序并保持它运行, 然后再启动其它二个或多个应用程序。
应用程序同时运行时,它们共享计算机资源,共享资源的方式依赖于计算机的类型以及可用内存的类型和容量,而不管它们是Windows应用程序还是非Windows 应用程序。
4.切换应用程序窗口
很多时候,工作台面上有多个打开的应用程序窗口,其中正在使用的窗口称为当前窗口。要想使用另一个应用程序时,就必须选择它并使它成为当前窗口。 根据窗口标题的颜色和光度辨别,当前窗口与非当窗口。
当运行多个应用程序时,可能有些窗口是不可见的,甚至在窗口不可见时, 也可方便地利用任务列表从一个应用程序转换到另一个应用程序。
切换应用程序窗口的方法
①在非当前窗口中的任何地方定位选择。如果应用程序是小肖像,则选择此肖像。
②如果返回上次的应用程序,可按ALT+TAB。
③如果快速切换到另一应用程序,可按下并保持ALT,然后重复按TAB键,当连续按TAB键时,可看见每个打开的应用程序的标题。
当所需的应用程序标题出现在屏幕中央时,放开TAB键, 此时此应用程序成为活动的。
④重复按ALT+ESC,直到所需的窗口变为活动窗口。
5.应用程序窗口和肖像的安排
通过任务表中的Cascade和Tile命令可重新安排应用程序窗口,以便使当前所有的应用程序在工作台面上显示可见。Cascade命令使窗口重叠,以便可见每个题标栏。Tile命令将以较小的尺寸安排 打开的窗口以适于工作台面。
如果多个应用程序以肖像的形式运行,并散布在工作台面上,则可以用Arrange Icon命令将它们重新安排,平放在底边上。
①在工作台面上按两次鼠标器按钮打开任务列表。或按CTRL+ESC。
②选取Arrange Icons。肖像将按顺序地放在工作台面的底边上。
注意:也可以通过从应用程序的控制菜单选取Switch To打开任务列表。
6.拖动肖像执行任务
使用文件管理器、程序管理器、打印管理器及某些其它Windows应用程序时,可用鼠标拖动文件管理器肖像到其它位置,从而执行某些基本任务。这称为“拖动和放置”(Dragging and Dropping),它是Windows 3.1所特有的特性。
例如,可将文件管理肖像拖动到打印管理器(缩小的打印管理器窗口)处,再释放鼠标按钮,从而在缺省打印机上打印一个文件,也可用Windows启动一个应用程序运行,方法是拖动文件管理器的文件肖像到程序管理器的分组窗口或肖像位置。
表1 拖动事件肖像执行的任务
任 务 肖像到
在缺省打印机上打印文件 最小化的Printer Manager窗口(作为肖像运行)
创建Program manager分组项 Program Manager分组窗口或肖像。
移动或拷贝文件到File Manager目录 File Manager目录窗口或目录肖像。
移动或拷贝文件到另一个驱动器 File Manager驱动器肖像
在应用程序中打开文件 应用程序肖像或标题条。
7.通过剪接板(Clipboard)在应用程序间传递信息
Windows剪接板是一个在Windows之间用于传递信息的临时存储区。可以将一个应用程序的信息裁剪或拷贝到剪接板,然后从剪接板上传送给另一个应用程序。
裁剪或拷贝到剪接板上的信息一直保留到取消剪接板、或者把另外的信息裁剪或拷贝到剪接板、或者退出窗口为止。由于剪接板内容在对其进行修改之前是不会改变的,所以可以将其内容送入想放的任何地方,并且可以重复地放同样的内容。
A 将信息裁剪或拷贝到剪接板
将信息传送到剪接板的方法依赖于所处理的应用程序是Windows应用程序还是非Windows应用程序、在窗口内运行还是全屏幕运行。
对Windows应用程序,可以裁剪或拷贝选定信息到剪接板, 也可以将整个工作台面的映象或任何正在窗口中运行的应用程序的某个窗口的全部内容裁剪到剪接板。
对在工作台面上正在窗口中运行的非Windows应用程序,也可以将选定的信息、整个工作台面或单个窗口拷贝到剪接板上。对在全屏幕上运行的非 Windows应用程序,可以把整个屏幕拷贝到剪接板上。
(1)从窗口应用程序中剪裁或拷贝选定的信息
①选定所要裁剪或拷贝的信息。
②从应用程序的编辑菜单中选取Cut或Copy。
Cut命令从应用程序中移出信息,并将其放在剪接板上。
Copy命令将信息的拷贝放在剪接板上,而原信息不改变。
(2)从装在窗口中的非Windows应用程序中拷贝选定的信息
若(386)要使用以下过程,必须用386增强模式运行Windows,并且要从其中拷贝信息的应用程序必须在某个窗口中运行。
使用鼠标器
a.按住鼠标器箭头拖过要拷贝的信息。
b.定位选择控制菜单,打开编辑串联菜单。
c.选取Copy。
无论Windows在什么模式下,都可将整个Windows或非Windows应用程序的屏幕内容拷到剪接板。如果正在使用的Windows的模式为标准模式或实模式,则这是从非Windows应用程序拷贝信息的唯一方法。
此过程不适于在图形模式下运行的非Windows应用程序。
将整屏内容拷贝到剪接板上的操作为:
①确保所要拷贝的信息剪接板上。
②按PRINT SCREEN。
它取得整屏幕内容的“快照”,并放入剪接板。PRINT SCREEN生成整屏幕的一个二进制的点阵图(BMP文件)。不过,应确保要拷入信息的应用程序能读懂二进制点阵图的格式。
(3)全窗口拷贝
若(386)要使用下列过程,则必须在386增强模式运行Windows, 并且要从中拷贝信息的Windows应用或非Windows应用程序必须在某一个窗口中运行。
将当前窗口的内容拷到剪接板上的操作为:
①确保要拷贝的信息在当前窗口中。
②按ALT+PRINT SCREEN。它取得活动窗口的“快照”,并放入剪接板。
ALT+PRINT SCREEN生成整屏幕的一个二进制点阵图。并非所有的应用程序都能读二进制点阵图(.BMP文件)。必须确保要拷入信息的应用程序能读懂二进制点阵图格式。
B.从剪接板中拷贝信息
无论何时都可将剪接板上的内容拷到一个目标应用程序中。所有裁剪或拷贝到裁剪板上的信息一直保留到修改、清除或退出Windows为止。
有些Windows应用程序能识别正文文件和图形,而少量还能同时识别两者。非Windows应用程序仅能识别正文。所用拷贝信息的方法依赖于是拷入Windows应用程序还是拷入非 Windows应用程序。
将信息从剪接板中拷入Windows 应用程序,可以用目标应用程序中Edit 菜单中的paste命令。
①将信息拷入Windows应用程序的操作
a.确保所要放入的信息在剪接板上。
b.启动目标应用程序。
c.将插入指示放在从剪接板中拷入的信息所要放的位置。
d.从应用程序的编辑菜单中选取Paste。
②将信息拷入非 Windows应用程序的操作
从剪接板上将信息拷入任何非Windows应用程序,可利用目标应用程序的控制菜单中的Paste命令。拷入非Windows应用程序的信息只能是非格式化正文,即使拷入格式化正文,格式化的信息也会丢失。
从剪接板上拷贝的方法依赖于非Windows 应用程序是全屏幕运行还是在窗口中运行。
③将信息拷入全屏幕非Windows应用程序的操作
a.确保所要传送的信息在剪接板上。
b.启动目标应用程序,并将插入指示放在从剪接板中拷入的信息所要放的位置。
c.按ALT+ESC返回Windows,而不退出应用程序。应用程序以应用程序肖像的形式出现在Windows工作台面的下边界。
d.定位选择应用程序肖像,为目标应用程序打开控制菜单。或按ALT+ESC,直至选到所需的应用程序肖像,然后按ALT+空格,打开控制菜单。
e.选取Paste。
如果用386增强型模式运行 Windows,则可从应用程序肖像的控制菜单中选择Edit串联菜单,然后选取Paste。
执行完以上步骤信息便一个字符一个字符地送入目标程序,就象键入一样。
④(386)若采用下面的过程,必须在386增强模式下运行Windows, 并且要传入信息的应用程序必须在一个窗口中运行。将信息拷贝到在窗口内的非Windows应用程序的操作为:
a.确保所要传送的信息在剪接板上。
b.启动目标应用程序,并将插入指示放在从剪接板中拷入的信息所要放的位置,然后打开应用程序的控制菜单。
c.选择Edit串联菜单,并选取Paste。
信息便每次一个字符一个字符地送入目标应用程序,就象键入一样。
注意:应用程序的运行可以在全屏幕方式和窗口间来回切换,只要按ALT+ENTER 键即可(仅对386增强模式而言)。
C.对剪接板上内容的操作
这些操作包括打开剪接板、查看其内容、存入文件, 恢复剪接板文件和删除裁剪板当前内容等。
(1)显示剪接板内容
a.如果不是当前应用程序,则转到程序管理器。
b.打开主分组窗口。
c.从主分组窗口选取剪接板肖像。
剪接板窗口出现,内容在窗口工作区中显示。
注意:有时剪接板要改变所拷贝或裁剪的信息的长度,以便它能包含在剪接板窗口中,当从剪接板将信息拷到目标应用程序时,所拷贝或裁剪的信息将是未改动的。
剪接板可以接受几种不同的正文和图形格式。当将信息从一个应用程序传送到另一个应用程序时,源应用程序将信息以剪接板能理解的格式写入。写入信息的应用程序决定了所用的格式,典型地,如果有几种格式可供选择, 则应用程序选取能提供最多信息的格式。可以以任何一种源应用程序提供的格式显示裁剪板上的信息。
①以另一种格式显示
从显示菜单中选取改变的格式,然后即可以该种格式显示。
②返回到显示过的第一种格式
从显示菜单中选取Auto即可。
可以将剪接板的内容保存在文件里,以后可以查看或装入装有这些内容的文件,这种文件只能通过剪接板来读取。
(2)保存剪接板的内容。
①切换到程序管理器。
②打开Main。
③选择Clipboard Viewer肖像。
④从文件菜单中选取Save As,然后文件的Save As对话框出现。
⑤键入要存入内容的文件名,并选取OK,剪接板文件的缺省扩展名是CLP。也可以键入一个路径名,将剪接板文件存到其它目录下。
⑥选择OK按钮。
可以打开剪接板文件,并将它拷到任何应用程序中,只有带有CLP 扩展名的文件才能在剪接板中打开。
(3)恢复剪接板文件
①切换到程序管理器。
②打开Main。
③选择Clipboard Viewer肖像。
④从文件菜单中选取Open。则文件Open对话框出现。
⑤从文件列表框中选择所要恢复的文件,选取OK。或者在文本框中键入所要恢复文件的路径名。
注意:如果剪接板是非空的,则会询问是否清除它,如果选取OK,则所选定的文件的内容将取代剪接板当前的内容。
(4)清除剪接板内容
如果运行应用程序需要更多的内存,则只要清除剪接板的内容,因为剪接板以多种格式存储信息,清除剪接板可释放一些内存。
①切换到程序管理器。
②打开Main。
③选择CLipboard Viewer肖像
④从编辑菜单中选取Delete。或按DELETE键。
⑤选取OK。
8.从非当前应用程序中取得信息
当非当前应用程序出现某种状态或出错信息时,蜂鸣器就会发出声响,并且该应用程序标题框或肖像会闪烁。
取得状态或出错信息的操作。
选择应用程序窗口或肖像。只要一选择窗口或肖像,信息就会出现。
9.退出应用程序
从正在运行的应用程序中退出的方法有两种。
1)退出窗口应用程序
从应用程序的文件菜单中选取Exit。或从控制菜单中选取Close。 或定位选择两次控制菜单框。
如果在文档保存后又修改过,则应用程序将提示是否要再次保存文件。
2)退出非Windows应用程序
①选取应用程序Exit命令。如果是使用DOS提示符,则键入Exit。
②关闭应用程序,并返回到Windows。
注意:当退出在全屏幕方式下运行的非Windows 应用程序时, Windows 常常返回到Windows工作台面。但可以改变程序信息文件(PIF)的设置,返回到非活动窗口。退出时,非当前窗口从显示的应用程序中捕捉信息。有时屏幕上的信息类型太简单而不可读,仅为非当前窗口提供了一个简单特征。
### IV. Using Applications in Windows 3.1
One of the main advantages of Windows is that it can run two or more applications simultaneously. Windows not only provides the ability to handle multiple applications at the same time but also can transfer important information between running applications. Many types of applications make full use of the graphical interface and other effective functions in Windows 3.1. They use drop-down menus and dialog boxes, provide standard menu items, and use keyboard and mouse conventions in Windows, etc. These applications, like the applications provided by the Windows package, are called Windows applications.
With Windows 3.1, users can:
- Quickly start applications that are run daily.
- Group applications for more convenient use.
- Run two or more applications simultaneously and switch between applications conveniently.
- Use the Clipboard to cut and paste information between applications.
#### 1. Types of Applications
Applications are mainly divided into four categories, all of which can run under the Windows operating system:
- Windows applications (designed for Windows 3.0 and subsequent versions).
- Older versions of Windows applications (designed for versions prior to Windows 3.0).
- Non-Windows applications (designed for MS DOS, most of which can run under Windows).
- Memory-resident programs
##### a. Windows applications
Most Windows applications are included in the Main group (such as File Manager and Control Panel) and the Accessories group (Write Paintbrush and Notepad).
##### b. Older versions of Windows applications
If you already have a previous version of Windows, some applications can run on version 3.0 without modification.
##### c. Non-Windows applications
Non-Windows applications are designed for MS-DOS, not for Windows. They cannot use the graphical interface of Windows, may not have menus or dialog boxes, and some may not be able to use the mouse. Most non-Windows applications can occupy the entire desktop in Windows and appear as if Windows does not exist and only run under MS-DOS.
Simultaneously running applications share computer resources, and the way of sharing resources depends on whether these applications are Windows applications or non-Windows applications and the mode of the running window.
#### 2. Starting Applications
Windows provides four methods to start applications:
##### (1) Starting an application from Program Manager
If an application belongs to a group, the simplest way to start it is to select it from the group window. If a document is included in this application, it will be placed in the application workspace.
The operation to start an application from a group is:
Using the mouse:
a. If the Program Manager window is not open, open it.
b. Open the group window that contains the application you need to start.
c. Locate and double-click to select the application icon.
##### (2) Starting an application from File Manager
You can start an application from File Manager by opening the program file from the directory window. Program files have file extensions of.COM,.EXE,.PIF, or.BAT. If the application can run in a window, this window will appear in front of any open File Manager window. If the application is a full-screen application, the application screen will cover the File Manager window.
The operation to start an application from File Manager is:
Using the mouse:
a. Start File Manager in the Main group and open the directory window that contains the program file.
b. Locate and select the desired drive icon.
c. Locate and select the desired directory icon.
d. Locate and double-click to select the file name.
##### (3) Starting an application using the Run command
The Run command is a convenient way to start applications that are run occasionally or not added to a group.
##### (4) Starting an application using the DOS command prompt
Sometimes, to run a non-Windows application (such as common MS-DOS commands) from Windows, you can run it in the same way as running a Windows application using Program Manager.
a. Open the main group window in Program Manager.
b. Locate and double-click to select the DOS prompt icon, or use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the icon and then press Enter.
When the DOS prompt appears, you can type MS-DOS commands and start any non-Windows application.
#### Exit the DOS prompt
a. Type exit
b. Press Enter
#### 3. Running Two or More Applications
In Windows, you can start an application and keep it running, and then start two or more other applications.
When applications run simultaneously, they share computer resources. The way of sharing resources depends on the type of computer and the type and capacity of available memory, regardless of whether they are Windows applications or non-Windows applications.
#### 4. Switching Application Windows
Many times, there are multiple open application windows on the desktop. The window that is being used is called the current window. To use another application, you must select it and make it the current window. The current window and non-current windows can be distinguished by the color and brightness of the window title.
When running multiple applications, some windows may be invisible. Even when a window is invisible, you can conveniently switch from one application to another using the task list.
##### Methods to switch application windows
① Locate and select anywhere in the non-current window. If the application is a small icon, select this icon.
② If you want to return to the last application, you can press ALT+TAB.
③ If you want to quickly switch to another application, you can press and hold ALT, then repeatedly press the TAB key. When continuously pressing the TAB key, you can see the title of each open application.
When the title of the desired application appears in the center of the screen, release the TAB key, and this application will become active.
④ Repeatedly press ALT+ESC until the desired window becomes the active window.
#### 5. Arranging Application Windows and Icons
You can rearrange application windows through the Cascade and Tile commands in the task list so that all current applications are visible on the desktop. The Cascade command overlaps the windows so that each title bar is visible. The Tile command arranges the open windows in smaller sizes to fit the desktop.
If multiple applications run as icons and are scattered on the desktop, you can use the Arrange Icon command to rearrange them and place them flat at the bottom.
① Double-click the mouse button on the desktop to open the task list. Or press CTRL+ESC.
② Select Arrange Icons. The icons will be placed in order at the bottom of the desktop.
Note: You can also open the task list by selecting Switch To from the application's control menu.
#### 6. Dragging Icons to Perform Tasks
When using File Manager, Program Manager, Print Manager, and some other Windows applications, you can use the mouse to drag the File Manager icon to other positions to perform some basic tasks. This is called "Dragging and Dropping", which is a unique feature of Windows 3.1.
For example, you can drag the File Manager icon to the Print Manager (minimized Print Manager window) and then release the mouse button to print a file on the default printer. You can also start an application to run using Windows by dragging the file icon of File Manager to the group window or icon position of Program Manager.
#### 7. Transferring Information Between Applications Through the Clipboard
The Windows Clipboard is a temporary storage area for transferring information between Windows. You can cut or copy information from one application to the Clipboard and then send it to another application from the Clipboard.
The information cut or copied to the Clipboard remains until the Clipboard is cleared, or other information is cut or copied to the Clipboard, or Windows is exited. Since the content of the Clipboard does not change until it is modified, you can send its content to any place you want and repeat the same content.
##### A. Cutting or Copying Information to the Clipboard
The method of transferring information to the Clipboard depends on whether the application being processed is a Windows application or a non-Windows application, and whether it runs in a window or in full screen.
For Windows applications, you can cut or copy selected information to the Clipboard, and you can also cut the image of the entire desktop or the entire content of any window of an application running in a window to the Clipboard.
For non-Windows applications running in a window on the desktop, you can also copy selected information, the entire desktop, or a single window to the Clipboard. For non-Windows applications running in full screen, you can copy the entire screen to the Clipboard.
###### (1) Cutting or Copying Selected Information from a Window Application
① Select the information you want to cut or copy.
② Select Cut or Copy from the application's Edit menu.
The Cut command removes information from the application and places it on the Clipboard.
The Copy command places a copy of the information on the Clipboard without changing the original information.
###### (2) Copying Selected Information from a Non-Windows Application Running in a Window
If (386) you want to use the following process, you must run Windows in 386 enhanced mode, and the application from which you want to copy information must run in a window.
Using the mouse
a. Hold the mouse arrow and drag over the information you want to copy.
b. Locate and select the control menu to open the edit cascade menu.
c. Select Copy.
Regardless of the mode of Windows, you can copy the screen content of the entire Windows or non-Windows application to the Clipboard. If the mode of Windows you are using is standard mode or real mode, this is the only way to copy information from a non-Windows application.
This process is not suitable for non-Windows applications running in graphical mode.
The operation to copy the entire screen content to the Clipboard is:
① Ensure that the information to be copied is on the Clipboard.
② Press PRINT SCREEN.
It takes a "snapshot" of the entire screen content and places it on the Clipboard. PRINT SCREEN generates a binary bitmap (.BMP file) of the entire screen. However, make sure that the application to which you want to copy the information can read the format of the binary bitmap.
###### (3) Copying the Entire Window
If (386) you want to use the following process, you must run Windows in 386 enhanced mode, and the Windows application or non-Windows application from which you want to copy information must run in a window.
The operation to copy the content of the current window to the Clipboard is:
① Ensure that the information to be copied is in the current window.
② Press ALT+PRINT SCREEN. It takes a "snapshot" of the active window and places it on the Clipboard.
ALT+PRINT SCREEN generates a binary bitmap of the entire screen. Not all applications can read the binary bitmap (.BMP file). Make sure that the application to which you want to copy the information can read the format of the binary bitmap.
##### B. Copying Information from the Clipboard
You can copy the content of the Clipboard to a target application at any time. All information cut or copied to the Clipboard remains until it is modified, cleared, or Windows is exited.
Some Windows applications can recognize text files and graphics, and a few can recognize both. Non-Windows applications can only recognize text. The method of copying information depends on whether it is copied into a Windows application or a non-Windows application.
To copy information from the Clipboard into a Windows application, you can use the paste command in the Edit menu of the target application.
###### ① Operation to copy information into a Windows application
a. Ensure that the information to be placed is on the Clipboard.
b. Start the target application.
c. Place the insertion indicator at the position where the information copied from the Clipboard is to be placed.
d. Select Paste from the application's Edit menu.
###### ② Operation to copy information into a non-Windows application
To copy information from the Clipboard into any non-Windows application, you can use the Paste command in the control menu of the target application. The information copied into the non-Windows application can only be unformatted text. Even if formatted text is copied, the formatted information will be lost.
The method of copying from the Clipboard depends on whether the non-Windows application runs in full screen or in a window.
###### ③ Operation to copy information into a full-screen non-Windows application
a. Ensure that the information to be transmitted is on the Clipboard.
b. Start the target application and place the insertion indicator at the position where the information copied from the Clipboard is to be placed.
c. Press ALT+ESC to return to Windows without exiting the application. The application will appear as an application icon at the bottom boundary of the Windows desktop.
d. Locate and select the application icon to open the control menu for the target application. Or press ALT+ESC until the desired application icon is selected, then press ALT+SPACE to open the control menu.
e. Select Paste.
If you are running Windows in 386 enhanced mode, you can select the Edit cascade menu from the control menu of the application icon and then select Paste.
After performing the above steps, the information will be sent to the target program character by character, just like typing.
###### ④ (386) If you use the following process, you must run Windows in 386 enhanced mode, and the application to which the information is to be transmitted must run in a window. The operation to copy information to a non-Windows application running in a window is:
a. Ensure that the information to be transmitted is on the Clipboard.
b. Start the target application, place the insertion indicator at the position where the information copied from the Clipboard is to be placed, and then open the control menu of the application.
c. Select the Edit cascade menu and select Paste.
The information will be sent to the target application character by character, just like typing.
Note: The application can switch back and forth between full-screen mode and window mode by pressing the ALT+ENTER key (only for 386 enhanced mode).
##### C. Operations on the Content of the Clipboard
These operations include opening the Clipboard, viewing its content, saving to a file, restoring the Clipboard file, and deleting the current content of the Clipboard.
###### (1) Displaying Clipboard Content
a. If it is not the current application, switch to Program Manager.
b. Open the main group window.
c. Select the Clipboard icon from the main group window.
The Clipboard window appears, and the content is displayed in the window workspace.
Note: Sometimes the Clipboard changes the length of the copied or cut information so that it can be included in the Clipboard window. When copying information from the Clipboard to the target application, the copied or cut information will be unchanged.
The Clipboard can accept several different text and graphics formats. When transferring information from one application to another, the source application writes the information in a format that the Clipboard can understand. The application that writes the information determines the format used. Typically, if there are several formats available, the application selects the format that provides the most information. You can display the information on the Clipboard in any format provided by the source application.
###### ① Displaying in Another Format
Select the changed format from the display menu, and then it will be displayed in that format.
###### ② Returning to the First Displayed Format
Select Auto from the display menu.
You can save the content of the Clipboard in a file, and you can view or load the file containing these contents later. This file can only be read through the Clipboard.
###### (2) Saving the Content of the Clipboard
① Switch to Program Manager.
② Open Main.
③ Select the Clipboard Viewer icon.
④ Select Save As from the file menu, and then the Save As dialog box for the file appears.
⑤ Type the file name where the content is to be saved, and select OK. The default extension of the Clipboard file is.CLP. You can also type a path name to save the Clipboard file in another directory.
⑥ Select the OK button.
You can open the Clipboard file and copy it to any application. Only files with the.CLP extension can be opened in the Clipboard.
###### (3) Restoring the Clipboard File
① Switch to Program Manager.
② Open Main.
③ Select the Clipboard Viewer icon.
④ Select Open from the file menu. Then the Open dialog box for the file appears.
⑤ Select the file to be restored from the file list box and select OK. Or type the path name of the file to be restored in the text box.
Note: If the Clipboard is not empty, you will be asked if you want to clear it. If you select OK, the content of the selected file will replace the current content of the Clipboard.
###### (4) Clearing the Content of the Clipboard
If running an application requires more memory, you can just clear the content of the Clipboard because the Clipboard stores information in multiple formats. Clearing the Clipboard can release some memory.
① Switch to Program Manager.
② Open Main.
③ Select the Clipboard Viewer icon.
④ Select Delete from the edit menu. Or press the DELETE key.
⑤ Select OK.
#### 8. Obtaining Information from a Non-Current Application
When a non-current application has a certain state or error message, the beeper will sound, and the application title bar or icon will flash.
Operation to obtain the state or error message:
Select the application window or icon. As soon as you select the window or icon, the information will appear.
#### 9. Exiting an Application
There are two methods to exit from a running application.
##### 1) Exiting a Window Application
Select Exit from the application's File menu. Or select Close from the control menu. Or double-click the control menu box twice.
If the document has been modified after being saved, the application will prompt whether you want to save the file again.
##### 2) Exiting a Non-Windows Application
① Select the application's Exit command. If you are using the DOS prompt, type Exit.
② Close the application and return to Windows.
Note: When exiting a non-Windows application running in full-screen mode, Windows often returns to the Windows desktop. But you can change the settings of the program information file (PIF) to return to the non-active window. When exiting, the non-current window captures information from the displayed application. Sometimes the type of information on the screen is too simple to be readable, and only a simple feature is provided for the non-current window.
|

ko20010214
=================================
大功告成,打个Kiss!
ko20010214@MSN.com
神州优雅Q300C
Intel CeleronM 370处理器 | 256MbDDR内存
40G硬盘 | USB2.0 | IEEE 1394
13.3 ' WXGA 宽屏(16:10) | COMBO光驱
10/100M网卡 | 四合一读卡器
|
|
2003-1-4 00:00 |
|
|
ko20010214
版主
       
积分 7294
发帖 1628
注册 2002-10-16
状态 离线
|
『第 3 楼』:
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
五、windows 3.1画笔软件
画笔软件与其它Windows(Microsoft Windows Paintbrush)可以生成简单或复杂的彩色图形。
辅助软件不同,画笔(Paintbrush)需用两个鼠标器按钮。当需要用右鼠标器按钮时,在本节中将会指明这个按钮。如果不指明是那个按钮,则应该使用左按钮(最常用的按钮)。如果利用控制面板互换了鼠标器按钮,则应当在文件中说明要用右按钮还是用左按钮。
在Paintbrush中,利用鼠标器将非常容易地生成图画。因此,本节中介绍的指令是直接面向鼠标器用户的。对没有鼠标器或愿意使用键盘的用户,当指令中出现定位选择、定位选择两次或按鼠标器按钮时,可对照使用表1中所列的键。
启动Paintbrush:
1).从Program Manager 窗口中选取Accessoris Group。
2).定位选择两次Paintbrush肖像。或选择 Paintbrush 肖像,从File菜单中选取 Open。这时,出现 Paintbrush窗口。
表1 鼠标器与键盘使用对照表
鼠标器动作 按键或组合键
定位选择或按左鼠标器按钮 INS
定位选择或按右鼠标器按钮 DEL
定位选择两次左鼠标器按钮 F9+INS
定位选择两次右鼠标器按钮 F9+DEL
在Paintbrush窗口中,包含下列项:
·画图区(drawing area),是生成Paintbrush图画的地方。画图区尺寸的变化要依赖于显示系统的种类。如果没有足够的可用内存生成一个等于画图区尺寸的的图画,则将在Paintbrush窗口的左上角可看到一个小的画图区。在Paintbrush可生成一个更大的画图区之前需要释放一些计算机内存。
·也可以用Option 菜单中的Image Attributes命令修改缺省尺寸。
·光标(Cursor),是指明在画图区中开始画图时一根线或其它物体出现的地方,或者画图区外面的某处。
·工具箱(Toolbox),包含用来生成图画的工具。这些工具允许在画图区中进行画图、填充、喷涂料、擦除、输入正文和重置项等操作。
·调色板(Paltte),包含可用于画图区背景和可为画图工具使用的颜色和图案。
·线条尺寸框(Linesize Box),包含可用的各种宽度的线条。
(一)画图区尺寸的确定
首次启动Paintbrush时,它根据显示系统的类型和可用的内存容量,建立一个标准尺寸的画图区。如果要生成一个比标准尺寸大或小的画图,则可改变标准尺寸。
改变标准尺寸的操作:
1.从Options 菜单中选取Image Attributes。这时,出现Image Attributes对话框。
2.在Width和Hight框中输入所要采用画图区的新的高度和宽度。
如需要,则在此对话框中作对其它任选项的改变,每个任选项的含义,可参见下面的参数表。
3.选取OK。
4.从File菜单中选取New,采用新的尺寸打开新的图画。)
每次启动Paintbrush时,Paintbrush就采用在Image Attributes对话框中的新设置。
表2 Image Attributes的任选项表
作 选 项 功 能
Width 改变所要生成的图画的宽度。
Hight 改变所要生成的图画的高度。
Units 当输入图画的宽度和高度时,选择所要采用的度量单位。标准设置是英寸(in),可以选取厘米(Cm)或象点(Pels,也称为象;屏幕上的最小单位)。
Colors 选取是在黑白方式下还是在彩色方式下工作。
Default 把画图区尺寸返回到由Paintbrush建立的适应视频显示的原始尺寸。
(二)扩大画图区
(从Paintbrush窗口中可清除工具箱、线条框和调色板,以增加画图区的尺寸,当工具箱、线条框和调色板不在屏幕上时,仍可以使用选定的工具、画线宽度、颜色以及菜单命令。)
1.从画图区清除工具箱和线条框
(从 View菜单中选取Tool和Linesize。这时,Toolbox和Linesize框从 Paintbrush窗口中消失,在View菜单上的Tool和Linesize前面的钩号也消失。
若要把Toolbox和Linesize框返回到此窗口中,可再次选取Tools和Linesize。)
2.从画图区清除调色板
从 View菜单中选取Paltte。这时调色板从Paintbrush窗口中消失,并且在View 菜单前面的钩号也消失。
若要把调色板返回到该窗口中,可再次从view菜单中选取Paltte。
3.在一幅大图画中移动
如果在画图区生成了一幅较大尺寸的图画,则可以利用鼠标器使卷滚条在图画中到处移动。如果是使用键盘,则可利用表3所说明的键在图画中到处移动。
表3 可用键表
使用键或组合键 功 能
TAB 在Toolbox,Linesizebox,Plalette和绘图区中逆时针移动SHIFT+TAB在Toolbox,Linesizebox,Palette和绘图区中顺时针移动箭头键 在绘区中移动
HOME 到画图区的顶部
END 到图区的底部
PAGE UP 一次向上一屏
PAGE DOWN 一次向下一屏
SHIFT+↑ 上箭头一次向上一行
SHIFT+↓ 下箭头一次向下一行
SHIFT+HOME 到画图区的左边
SHIFT+END 到画图区的右边
SHIFT+PAGE UP 左滚一屏
SHIFT+PAGE DOWN 右滚一屏
SHIFT+← 左箭头向左一空格
SHIFT+→ 右箭头向右一空格
4、浏览图画
为了看到图画的更多部分,可以从屏幕上清除图画以外的任何东西,也可以压缩图画,以便整个图画都可放入当前的画图区中。
1).显示整个屏幕
View菜单上的View Picture命令,可从屏幕上清除图画以外的任何东西,以便在屏幕上尽可能多地显示图画。
①利用整屏来显示图画
从View菜单中选取View Picture。
②取消View Picture命令
定位选择鼠标器按钮,或按ESC。
这时,屏幕返回到正常状态。
2).快速缩小(Zooming Out)
(如果生成一幅比画图区和整个屏幕都大的图画,也可在屏幕上看到整个图画。)
①显示一幅大于画图区的完整图画:
从View菜单中选取Zoom out。Zoom out命令把整个图画缩小到画图区内。
(使用 Zoom out时,可以对图画中称为切块的部分进行切割、拷贝和移入。利用Pick或Scissors cutout工具可以生成切块,但是,在缩放时无法使用画图工具向一幅在Zoom out中的图画上加入任何新的东西。
②取消Zoom out命令:
(从 View菜单中选取Zoom In,或按ESC。
此时,图画返回到正常分辨率的尺寸。
当利用Zoom out浏览一幅图画时,有可能丢失图画中某些线条的细节。一般地,图画的原来尺寸越大,在 Paintbrush缩小该图画时,丢失的线条细节就越多。细节丢失只会发生在图画被压缩时,而在原图中并不丢失。)
(三)、生成一幅简单的图画 ·选择背景颜色。
·选择前景颜色。
·选择线条宽度。
·选择画图工具。
·画出图画。
·编辑图象。
1、选择背景颜色和前景颜色
生成一幅图画时,首先确定采用的背景颜色及前景颜色再开始画图。从调色板上可以选择背景和前景颜色。
注意:在生成图画时,可以随时改变前景颜色和背景颜色,并且,利用工具箱中的工具和各种命令来操作背景色,可以产生特殊的效果。例如,可以用各种颜色在图画内不同的位置上生成阴影。
可以改变一幅完用整图画整个背景的颜色,这只需通过选择该颜色,然后,选取New来开始新的图画即可。
当启动Paintbrush时,选定的背景颜色是白的,而选定的前景颜色是黑的。
1).选择不同的背景颜色和图案
将光标指向调色板中的某种颜色或某个图案,并按一下右鼠标器按钮。或按TAB键到达调色板,然后利用光标键把光标移到某种颜色,并按DELETE键。
这时Selected Colors框显示选定的颜色。
如果现在从File菜单中选取New,则Paintbrush在画图中以新选定的背景颜色或样式来打开一新的文档。
2).选择不同的前景颜色和图案
将光标指向调色板中的某种颜色,并按一下鼠标器左按钮。或按TAB键到达调色板,然后利用光标键把光标移到某种颜色,并按INSERT键。
此时Selected Colors框显示选定的颜色。
2.选择画线宽度
在Paintbrush窗口中,左下角的Linesize框显示出可用的画线宽度。其中,最上一条线的宽度为一个象素点宽。箭头标志的就是所选线宽。
改变画线宽度的操作:
指向Linesize框中所要的宽度,并按鼠标器按钮。或按TAB键到达调色板,然后利用光标键把光标移到所要选择的画线宽度处,并按INSERT键)。
3.画图工具的选择和使用
在画图区中开始工作之前,需从Paintbrush窗口左边的工具箱中选择所要使用的工具。当开始使用Paintbrush时总是选用刷子工具。
(1)选择画图工具
指向所要采用的工具,并按鼠标器按钮。
选定的工具在Paintbrush工具箱中高亮显示。
(2)利用选定的工具画图
①把光标移到画图区内,定位在所要开始画图的位置,按鼠标器按钮。
②按下鼠标器按钮,在画图区中拖动光标。
如果正在画一个方框或圆一类的物体,则该物体将随光标的运动放大或缩小。
③如果对画的物体满意,则可释放鼠标器按钮。
4.放弃修改
当画图出错时,可以利用Edit菜单上的Undo命令或BACKSPACE键作简单的修改。
在执行下述操作以前,可以一直使用Undo和BACKSPACE操作。
·选择工具。
·使用卷滚条。
·打开另一应用程序。
·重新设置窗口尺寸。
执行了上述操作中的任一操作后,Paintbrush就把当前画图区中所画的东西固定下来,而Undo和BACKSPACE不再起删除作用。现在必须使用一种删除工具,或是选择并编辑在图画中称为切块(Cutout)的部分,有关删除和编辑切块的内容,可参见本节后面的“颜色擦除器”、“擦除器”和“编辑图画”。
1).使用Undo命令编辑图画
从Edit菜单中选取Undo。
Undo把自从挑选了当前正使用的某种工具后画的所有东西全部删除掉。
2).用 BACKSPACE编辑图画
①按BACKSPACE键。这时光标变为其中有-X的方形。方形的尺寸依赖于选定的画线宽度。
②按鼠标器按钮,并把光标移到要删除的部分。
③完成时,释放鼠标器按钮。
④再次按鼠标器按钮便可继续使用选定的工具画图。
(四)输入正文
如果要在图画中采用正文,应做下述工作:
·为正文选择所要采用的前景颜色。
·从工具箱中选择Text工具。
·选取所要采用的字体。
·选取字体的风格
·为字体选取打印尺寸。
·输入和定位正文。
·编辑正文。
选择前景颜色可参见本节前面的“选择前景和前景颜色”。其余的步骤将在下面作一个介绍。
1.选择Text工具
选择Text工具后,可以在画图区内键入正文。
选择Text工具的操作:
指向工具箱内的此工具abc。
按鼠标器按钮。
这时,Paintbrush置亮工具箱中的Text工具。
2.选取字体和字体尺寸(Font and Font Size)
可用的点尺寸依赖于打印机的分辨率。如果没有安装打印机,则可用的点尺寸就将依赖于视频显示的屏幕分辨率。Font菜单列出所有可用的字体, Size菜单列出所有字体对应的点尺寸范围。
1).为正文选取字体
①从 Text菜单上选择 Fonts。
②从 Font菜单中选择所要采用字体的名字。这时, Paintbrush在 Font菜单上选定的字体前放置一钩号。 ③选择 Ok按钮。
(所选择的字体对画图区内没有固定下来的任意正文,以及将要输入的正文会有影响)。
2).为字体选择尺寸
①从 Text菜单上选择 Fonts。
②从 Font菜单中选择所要采用字体的尺寸。
③选择OK按钮。
3.风格任选项的设置
除了有不同的尺寸外,字体还可为需强调的正文设计不同的风格。可以把键入的正文加粗、倾斜、加下划线,以及画出其轮廓。另外,还可以在当前选定的背景颜色上,在正文的周围生成阴影。
1).改变正文风格
从Style菜单中选择所要采用的风格。这时Paubtbrysh在Style菜单上选定的风格前置一钩号。
可以为同一正文选择多种风格。所选择的风格对画图区内没有固定下来的正文,以及将要输入的正文会有影响。
2).取消风格选择
从Style菜单中再次选择所选的那个风格。
3).取消当前所有风格选择
从Style菜单中选取Normal。
4.输入和定位正文
除了正文不能自动一行行地卷滚外,在 Paintbrush画图区中输入正文,与在字处理应用中输入正文相似。另外,如果退出 Text工具,随后又返回到Text工具,则光标将不会自动重定位到先前输入的正文上。
在 Paintbrush画图区中输入正文:
1).把光标移动到要输入正文的位置,按鼠标器按钮。
2).开始输入。
键入的正文从正文光标的初始位置开始,填入 Paintbrush窗口,同时光标不断向右移动以让出空间。
3).在重新开始新的正文行时,按鼠标器按钮重新定位Text光标。
当输入到画图区的最右边时,还继续在此行键入, Paintbrush就停止输入正文。
如果图画的尺寸比画图区尺寸大,则可利用卷滚条和适当的光标键移到图画的其它部分,并在那里输入正文。
5.基本的正文编辑操作
用BACKSPACE键,可以纠正一些简单的正文错误。
在画图区内,也可以为正文选择新的前景颜色、字体、字体尺寸或正文风格。在做下 述任何一件操作之前,还可以对正文用BACKSPACE键修改或作其它改变。
·选择一工具。
·使用卷滚条。
·打开另一应用程序。
·重置正文光标。
·重新设置窗口尺寸)。
选用以上操作中的任一种操作后,Paintbrush就把当前画图区中的正文固定下来, BACKSPACE不再起清除作用,并且正文的颜色、字体、尺寸或风格都不能改变。如果想要改变或删除正文,必须清除或把正文从图画中切割掉,重新输入。
V. Windows 3.1 Paintbrush Software
The Paintbrush software (Microsoft Windows Paintbrush) can generate simple or complex color graphics, different from auxiliary software. The Paintbrush requires two mouse buttons. When the right mouse button is needed, it will be indicated in this section. If not specified, the left button (the most commonly used button) should be used. If the mouse buttons are swapped through the Control Panel, it should be stated in the file whether the right button or the left button is to be used.
In Paintbrush, it is very easy to generate pictures using the mouse. Therefore, the instructions introduced in this section are directly for mouse users. For users without a mouse or willing to use the keyboard, when the instructions mention positioning selection, double positioning selection, or pressing the mouse button, you can refer to the keys listed in Table 1.
Starting Paintbrush:
1). Select the Accessories Group from the Program Manager window.
2). Double-click the Paintbrush icon. Or select the Paintbrush icon and select Open from the File menu. Then the Paintbrush window appears.
Table 1 Mouse and Keyboard Usage Comparison Table
Mouse Action | Key or Key Combination
--- | ---
Positioning selection or pressing the left mouse button | INS
Positioning selection or pressing the right mouse button | DEL
Double positioning selection of the left mouse button | F9 + INS
Double positioning selection of the right mouse button | F9 + DEL
In the Paintbrush window, the following items are included:
- Drawing area: where Paintbrush pictures are generated. The size of the drawing area depends on the type of display system. If there is not enough available memory to generate a picture equal to the size of the drawing area, a small drawing area will be seen in the upper left corner of the Paintbrush window. Some computer memory needs to be released before a larger drawing area can be generated in Paintbrush.
- The default size can also be modified using the Image Attributes command in the Option menu.
- Cursor: indicates the place where a line or other object appears when starting to draw in the drawing area, or somewhere outside the drawing area.
- Toolbox: contains tools for generating pictures. These tools allow drawing, filling, spraying paint, erasing, entering text, and resetting items in the drawing area.
- Palette: contains colors and patterns that can be used for the background of the drawing area and for drawing tools.
- Linesize Box: contains various widths of lines available.
(1) Determination of Drawing Area Size
When Paintbrush is first started, it establishes a standard-sized drawing area according to the type of display system and the available memory capacity. If you want to generate a picture larger or smaller than the standard size, you can change the standard size.
Operation to change the standard size:
1. Select Image Attributes from the Options menu. Then the Image Attributes dialog box appears.
2. Enter the new height and width of the drawing area you want in the Width and Hight boxes.
If needed, make other changes to the options in this dialog box. The meaning of each option can be referred to in the parameter table below.
3. Select OK.
4. Select New from the File menu to open a new picture with the new size.
Each time Paintbrush is started, it will use the new settings in the Image Attributes dialog box.
Table 2 Image Attributes Options Table
Option | Function
--- | ---
Width | Change the width of the picture to be generated.
Hight | Change the height of the picture to be generated.
Units | When entering the width and height of the picture, select the measurement unit to be used. The standard setting is inches (in), and you can select centimeters (Cm) or pixels (Pels, also called dots; the smallest unit on the screen).
Colors | Select whether to work in black-and-white mode or color mode.
Default | Return the drawing area size to the original size adapted to the video display established by Paintbrush.
(2) Enlarging the Drawing Area
(The toolbox, line box, and palette can be cleared from the Paintbrush window to increase the size of the drawing area. When the toolbox, line box, and palette are not on the screen, the selected tool, line width, color, and menu commands can still be used.)
1. Clearing the Toolbox and Linesize Box from the Drawing Area
Select Tool and Linesize from the View menu. Then the Toolbox and Linesize box disappear from the Paintbrush window, and the check marks in front of Tool and Linesize on the View menu also disappear.
To return the Toolbox and Linesize box to this window, select Tools and Linesize again.
2. Clearing the Palette from the Drawing Area
Select Palette from the View menu. Then the palette disappears from the Paintbrush window, and the check mark in front of the View menu also disappears.
To return the palette to this window, select Palette from the View menu again.
3. Moving in a Large Picture
If a picture of a larger size is generated in the drawing area, you can use the mouse to move the scroll bar around the picture. If using the keyboard, you can use the keys described in Table 3 to move around the picture.
Table 3 Available Key Table
Used Key or Key Combination | Function
--- | ---
TAB | Move counterclockwise in the Toolbox, Linesize box, Palette, and drawing area. SHIFT + TAB | Move clockwise in the Toolbox, Linesize box, Palette, and drawing area. Arrow keys | Move in the drawing area. HOME | Go to the top of the drawing area. END | Go to the bottom of the drawing area. PAGE UP | Scroll up one screen at a time. PAGE DOWN | Scroll down one screen at a time. SHIFT + ↑ | Scroll up one line at a time with the up arrow. SHIFT + ↓ | Scroll down one line at a time with the down arrow. SHIFT + HOME | Go to the left side of the drawing area. SHIFT + END | Go to the right side of the drawing area. SHIFT + PAGE UP | Scroll left one screen. SHIFT + PAGE DOWN | Scroll right one screen. SHIFT + ← | Move left one space with the left arrow. SHIFT + → | Move right one space with the right arrow.
4. Viewing the Picture
To see more parts of the picture, you can clear anything other than the picture from the screen or compress the picture so that the entire picture can fit in the current drawing area.
1). Displaying the Entire Screen
The View Picture command on the View menu can clear anything other than the picture from the screen to display as much of the picture as possible on the screen.
① Display the picture using the entire screen:
Select View Picture from the View menu.
② Cancel the View Picture command:
Press the mouse button or press ESC.
Then the screen returns to the normal state.
2). Zooming Out
(If you generate a picture larger than the drawing area and the entire screen, you can also see the entire picture on the screen.)
① Display a complete picture larger than the drawing area:
Select Zoom out from the View menu. The Zoom out command shrinks the entire picture to fit within the drawing area.
(When using Zoom out, you can cut, copy, and move parts called cutouts in the picture. You can generate cutouts using the Pick or Scissors cutout tool, but you cannot use drawing tools to add anything new to a picture in Zoom out.
② Cancel the Zoom out command:
Select Zoom In from the View menu or press ESC.
At this time, the picture returns to the size of the normal resolution.
When using Zoom out to view a picture, some details of the lines in the picture may be lost. Generally, the larger the original size of the picture, the more details of the lines are lost when Paintbrush shrinks the picture. The detail loss only occurs when the picture is compressed, not in the original picture.)
(3) Generating a Simple Picture
- Select the background color.
- Select the foreground color.
- Select the line width.
- Select the drawing tool.
- Draw the picture.
- Edit the image.
1. Selecting the Background Color and Foreground Color
When generating a picture, first determine the background color and foreground color to be used before starting to draw. You can select the background and foreground colors from the palette.
Note: When generating a picture, the foreground color and background color can be changed at any time, and operating on the background color using the tools and various commands in the toolbox can produce special effects. For example, shadows can be generated in different positions within the picture with various colors.
You can change the color of the entire background of a complete picture by simply selecting the color and then selecting New to start a new picture.
When Paintbrush is started, the selected background color is white, and the selected foreground color is black.
1). Selecting a Different Background Color and Pattern
Point to a color or pattern in the palette and press the right mouse button. Or press TAB to reach the palette, then use the arrow keys to move the cursor to a color and press DELETE.
At this time, the Selected Colors box displays the selected color.
If you now select New from the File menu, Paintbrush will open a new document with the newly selected background color or style in the drawing.
2). Selecting a Different Foreground Color and Pattern
Point to a color in the palette and press the left mouse button. Or press TAB to reach the palette, then use the arrow keys to move the cursor to a color and press INSERT.
At this time, the Selected Colors box displays the selected color.
2. Selecting the Line Width
In the Paintbrush window, the Linesize box in the lower left corner displays the available line widths. The width of the top line is one pixel wide. The arrow mark indicates the selected line width.
Operation to change the line width:
Point to the desired width in the Linesize box and press the mouse button. Or press TAB to reach the palette, then use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the desired line width and press INSERT.
3. Selection and Use of Drawing Tools
Before starting work in the drawing area, you need to select the tool to be used from the toolbox on the left side of the Paintbrush window. The brush tool is always selected when starting Paintbrush.
(1) Selecting the Drawing Tool
Point to the desired tool and press the mouse button.
The selected tool is highlighted in the Paintbrush toolbox.
(2) Drawing with the Selected Tool
① Move the cursor to the drawing area, position it at the starting position of the drawing, and press the mouse button.
② Press the mouse button and drag the cursor in the drawing area.
If you are drawing an object like a square or a circle, the object will be enlarged or reduced as the cursor moves.
③ If you are satisfied with the drawn object, release the mouse button.
4. Giving Up Modifications
When a drawing error occurs, simple modifications can be made using the Undo command on the Edit menu or the BACKSPACE key.
You can keep using Undo and BACKSPACE operations before performing the following operations:
- Selecting a tool.
- Using the scroll bar.
- Opening another application.
- Resetting the window size.
After performing any of the above operations, Paintbrush fixes what is drawn in the current drawing area, and Undo and BACKSPACE no longer have a deleting effect. Now you must use a delete tool or select and edit the part called a cutout in the picture. For content about deleting and editing cutouts, refer to the "Color Eraser", "Eraser", and "Editing the Picture" later in this section.
1). Editing the Picture Using the Undo Command
Select Undo from the Edit menu.
Undo deletes all the things drawn since the current tool being used was selected.
2). Editing the Picture with BACKSPACE
① Press the BACKSPACE key. At this time, the cursor becomes a square with -X in it. The size of the square depends on the selected line width.
② Press the mouse button and move the cursor to the part to be deleted.
③ When done, release the mouse button.
④ Press the mouse button again to continue using the selected tool to draw.
(4) Entering Text
If you want to use text in the picture, you should do the following:
- Select the foreground color to be used for the text.
- Select the Text tool from the toolbox.
- Select the font to be used.
- Select the style of the font.
- Select the print size for the font.
- Enter and position the text.
- Edit the text.
Selecting the foreground color can refer to "Selecting the Foreground and Background Colors" earlier in this section. The remaining steps will be introduced below.
1. Selecting the Text Tool
After selecting the Text tool, you can type text in the drawing area.
Operation to select the Text tool:
Point to this tool abc in the toolbox.
Press the mouse button.
At this time, Paintbrush highlights the Text tool in the toolbox.
2. Selecting the Font and Font Size
The available point sizes depend on the resolution of the printer. If no printer is installed, the available point sizes will depend on the screen resolution of the video display. The Font menu lists all available fonts, and the Size menu lists the range of point sizes corresponding to all fonts.
1). Selecting the Font for the Text
① Select Fonts from the Text menu.
② Select the name of the font to be used from the Font menu. At this time, Paintbrush places a check mark in front of the selected font on the Font menu.
③ Select the OK button.
(The selected font will affect any text not fixed in the drawing area and the text to be entered.)
2). Selecting the Size for the Font
① Select Fonts from the Text menu.
② Select the size of the font to be used from the Font menu.
③ Select the OK button.
3. Setting Style Options
In addition to different sizes, fonts can also be designed with different styles for text that needs to be emphasized. You can bold, italicize, underline, and outline the typed text. In addition, you can generate a shadow around the text on the currently selected background color.
1). Changing the Text Style
Select the style to be used from the Style menu. At this time, Paintbrush places a check mark in front of the selected style on the Style menu.
You can select multiple styles for the same text. The selected style will affect the text not fixed in the drawing area and the text to be entered.
2). Canceling the Style Selection
Select the selected style again from the Style menu.
3). Canceling All Current Style Selections
Select Normal from the Style menu.
4. Entering and Positioning the Text
Entering text in the Paintbrush drawing area is similar to entering text in a word processing application, except that the text cannot be automatically scrolled line by line. In addition, if you exit the Text tool and then return to the Text tool, the cursor will not automatically reposition to the previously entered text.
Entering text in the Paintbrush drawing area:
1). Move the cursor to the position where the text is to be entered and press the mouse button.
2). Start entering.
The typed text starts from the initial position of the text cursor and fills the Paintbrush window, and the cursor keeps moving to the right to make space.
3). When restarting a new line of text, press the mouse button to reposition the Text cursor.
When entering to the far right of the drawing area and continuing to type in this line, Paintbrush stops entering text.
If the size of the picture is larger than the size of the drawing area, you can use the scroll bar and appropriate arrow keys to move to other parts of the picture and enter text there.
5. Basic Text Editing Operations
Some simple text errors can be corrected using the BACKSPACE key.
In the drawing area, you can also select a new foreground color, font, font size, or text style for the text. You can still use the BACKSPACE key to modify or make other changes to the text before performing any of the following operations:
- Selecting a tool.
- Using the scroll bar.
- Opening another application.
- Resetting the text cursor.
- Resetting the window size.
After using any of the above operations, Paintbrush fixes the text in the current drawing area, BACKSPACE no longer has a clearing effect, and the color, font, size, or style of the text cannot be changed. If you want to change or delete the text, you must clear or cut the text from the picture and re-enter it.
|

ko20010214
=================================
大功告成,打个Kiss!
ko20010214@MSN.com
神州优雅Q300C
Intel CeleronM 370处理器 | 256MbDDR内存
40G硬盘 | USB2.0 | IEEE 1394
13.3 ' WXGA 宽屏(16:10) | COMBO光驱
10/100M网卡 | 四合一读卡器
|
|
2003-1-4 00:00 |
|
|
ko20010214
版主
       
积分 7294
发帖 1628
注册 2002-10-16
状态 离线
|
『第 4 楼』:
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
五)用Paintbrush的工具作图
Paintbrush工具箱显示在Paintbrush窗口的左边。
利用 Paintbrush的工具箱中的工具可以生成各种图画。)
从工具箱中选择工具的操作:
指向那个工具,并按鼠标器按钮。
下面将按顺序介绍工具箱中的工具。
1.切块工具(The Cutout Tool)
(利用切块工具定义图象中的一个区域称为切块。利用 Scissors(剪口)工具可以定义任意形状的切块,用 Pick(小刀)工具定义一个矩形或正方形切块。切块可以很小,也可以象画图区那样大。)
1).定义任意形状的切块
①选择工具箱顶部左边的 Scissor切块工具,并把光标移到画图区。
②按下鼠标器按钮,围绕图象中要作为切块的部分画线。
③把该区域完全围在线框中后,释放鼠标器按钮。
如果出错,则按右鼠标器按钮重新开始。
2).定义矩形或正方形切块
①选择工具箱顶部右边的Pick切块工具,并把光标移到画图区。
②按鼠标器按钮,以固定可变框的一角。移动光标直到该框围住所要定义的区域。
③释放鼠标器按钮。
如果出错,则按右鼠标器按钮重新开始。
在定义了一个切块后,可以用Edit菜单中的命令来切割、拷贝,插入和保存该切块,还可以用 Pick 菜单上的命令以各种其它方式对它进行处理。
2.喷枪(The Airbrush)
喷枪工具可产生一个前景色点的环形雾状景象。 Airbrush 工具对制作2或3维物的阴景特别有用。
使用Airbrush工具的步骤:
1).选择所要采用的前景颜色。
2).选择绘图宽度。绘图宽度决定了喷点大小。
3).从工具箱中选取Airbrush工具,并把光标移到画图区。
4).在要开始喷制雾状的位置按鼠标器按钮,并拖动光标。拖动光标的速度决定了喷雾的密度。选定的画线宽度决定了雾状环的尺寸。
5).释放鼠标器按钮,停止喷雾。
3.正文工具( The Text Tool )
利用正文(Text)工具abc可以向 Paintbrush 图画中插入正文。正文以选定的前景颜色、字体、尺寸和字体风格出现。有关使用Text工具的详细内容,可参见本节前面的“输入正文”。
4.颜色擦除器(The Color Eraser)
1).用Color Eraser改变颜色
①选择在使用Color Eraser时要采用的前景和背景颜色。将会用背景颜色替代前景颜色。
②选择所要采用的画线宽度。画线宽度越大,Color Eraser光标就越大。通过改变画线宽度,可以容易地清除较小或较大的区域。
③从工具箱中选择Color Eraser工具,并把光标移到画图区。
④按鼠标器按钮,并拖动光标以改变光标下当前选定的前景颜色。(其它颜色保持不变)。
(按下SHIFT键,并按鼠标器按钮以使在拖动Color Eraser时沿水平或垂直的方向移动。)
⑤释放鼠标器按钮,停止擦除。
2).将以某种颜色显示的所有地方变成另一种颜色
①确保将要改变颜色的部分都显示在画图区中。
②选择要改变的颜色作前景颜色,并选择改变后的那种颜色作为背景颜色。
③定位选择两次Color Eraser工具。
这时在画图区中以所选定颜色显示的每一部分都变成选定的背景颜色。
5.擦除器(The Eraser)
擦除器把它接触到的所有前景颜色都变成当前选定的背景颜色。
使用Eraser擦除部分前景颜色的操作:
1).确保所选定的背景颜色与即将擦除区域中的背景颜色相同如果颜色不相同,则将用当前选定的背景颜色去画,而不是擦除原来的背景颜色。
2).从Linesize框中选择所要采用的画线宽度。(画线宽度越大,Eraser光标就越大。通过改变画线宽度,可以容易地擦除较小或较大的区域。)
3).从工具箱中选择Eraser,并把光标移到画图区。
4).按鼠标器按钮,并拖动光标以擦除光标下的图画。
按下SHIFT键,并按鼠标器按钮以使在拖动Eraser时沿水平或垂直方向移动。
5).释放鼠标器按钮停止擦除。
6.着色滚筒(Paint Roller)
利用着色滚筒,可以将选定的前景颜色填入任何封闭的形状和区域中。可以使用不同的颜色或样式来填充有边界围住的区域或实心的物体。
使用Paint Roller填充封闭区域的操作:
(1)选择将用以填充的前景颜色。(如果是用一个样式而不是实颜色来填充物体,则将不能再对其填充。然而,可以使用Color Eraser来改变用于填充物体的样式。)
(2)从工具箱中选择Paint Roller工具,并把光标移到画图区。
(3)把光标放在要填充的区域内,并按鼠标器按钮。这时,该区域内填满选定的前景颜色。
如果填充物体的图形边界上有任何缺口,则填充色将从缺口渗出并填入到整个画图区。如果发生这种情况,则等颜色停止蔓延后,从Edit菜单选择 Undo(或按 ALT+BACKSPACE)来擦除它。请注意:画图区本身定义了一个边界,所以颜色的填充在画图区的边上就停止了。可以利用 View菜单中的 Zoom In命令来封闭物体中渗出颜色的开口。
注意:为防止废除满意的那部分工作,可以在每执行一次填充时,重新选择 Paint Rorler,这样,上一次填充的内容就被固定下来。
7.刷子( Ther Brush)
使用刷子( Brush)工具就象使用一支标准的硬毛笔一样,以选定的前景颜色和画线宽度徒手画出图形和线条。
1).使用 Brush工具徒手画线条
①选择所要采用的前景颜色。
②选择所要采用的画线宽度。
③从工具箱中选择 Brush工具,并把光标移到画图区。
④按鼠标器按钮,并拖动光标徒手画出图形,按下 SHIFT键,同时移动鼠标器画出水平或垂直的线。
⑤释放鼠标器按钮以停止画图。
2).改变 Brush光标的形状
可以改变 Brush 光标的形状而产生不同的画图效果。
①从Options菜单中选取 Brush Shapes。这时,出现 Brush Shapes对话框。
②通过定位选择来选择某个光标形状。或利用光标键来选择某个形状, 选取 Ok。这时, Brush Shapes对话框消失,并且 Brush光标以选定的形状出现在画图区。
V) Drawing with Paintbrush Tools
The Paintbrush toolbox is displayed on the left side of the Paintbrush window.
You can create various pictures using the tools in the Paintbrush toolbox.
Operation to select a tool from the toolbox:
Point to that tool and press the mouse button.
The following will introduce the tools in the toolbox in sequence.
1. The Cutout Tool
(Defining a region in an image using the cutout tool is called a cutout. The Scissors tool can be used to define an arbitrarily shaped cutout, and the Pick tool can define a rectangular or square cutout. A cutout can be very small or as large as the drawing area.)
1). Defining an arbitrarily shaped cutout
① Select the Scissors cutout tool on the top left of the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
② Press the mouse button and draw a line around the part of the image that is to be the cutout.
③ Release the mouse button after completely enclosing the area within the line frame.
If there is an error, press the right mouse button to start over.
2). Defining a rectangular or square cutout
① Select the Pick cutout tool on the top right of the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
② Press the mouse button to fix one corner of the variable frame. Move the cursor until the frame encloses the area to be defined.
③ Release the mouse button.
If there is an error, press the right mouse button to start over.
After defining a cutout, you can use commands in the Edit menu to cut, copy, insert, and save the cutout, and you can also use commands on the Pick menu to process it in various other ways.
2. The Airbrush
The airbrush tool can produce a ring-shaped mist of foreground color dots. The Airbrush tool is particularly useful for creating shadows of 2 or 3-dimensional objects.
Steps to use the Airbrush tool:
1). Select the foreground color to be used.
2). Select the drawing width. The drawing width determines the size of the spray dots.
3). Select the Airbrush tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
4). Press the mouse button at the position where you want to start spraying the mist and drag the cursor. The speed of dragging the cursor determines the density of the spray. The selected line width determines the size of the mist ring.
5). Release the mouse button to stop spraying.
3. The Text Tool
Using the Text tool abc, you can insert text into the Paintbrush picture. The text appears in the selected foreground color, font, size, and font style. For detailed content on using the Text tool, refer to "Entering Text" earlier in this section.
4. The Color Eraser
1). Changing color with the Color Eraser
① Select the foreground and background colors to be used when using the Color Eraser. The background color will replace the foreground color.
② Select the line width to be used. The larger the line width, the larger the Color Eraser cursor. By changing the line width, you can easily erase smaller or larger areas.
③ Select the Color Eraser tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
④ Press the mouse button and drag the cursor to change the currently selected foreground color under the cursor. (Other colors remain unchanged.)
(Press the SHIFT key and press the mouse button to move horizontally or vertically while dragging the Color Eraser.)
⑤ Release the mouse button to stop erasing.
2). Changing all places that display a certain color to another color
① Ensure that the part whose color is to be changed is all displayed in the drawing area.
② Select the color to be changed as the foreground color and select the changed color as the background color.
③ Position and select the Color Eraser tool twice.
At this time, each part displayed in the selected color in the drawing area will be changed to the selected background color.
5. The Eraser
The eraser changes all foreground colors it touches to the currently selected background color.
Operation to erase part of the foreground color using the Eraser:
1). Ensure that the selected background color is the same as the background color in the area to be erased. If the colors are not the same, the current selected background color will be used to draw instead of erasing the original background color.
2). Select the line width to be used from the Linesize box. (The larger the line width, the larger the Eraser cursor. By changing the line width, you can easily erase smaller or larger areas.)
3). Select the Eraser from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
4). Press the mouse button and drag the cursor to erase the drawing under the cursor.
Press the SHIFT key and press the mouse button to move horizontally or vertically while dragging the Eraser.
5). Release the mouse button to stop erasing.
6. The Paint Roller
Using the paint roller, you can fill a selected foreground color into any closed shape and area. You can use different colors or styles to fill an area surrounded by a boundary or a solid object.
Operation to fill a closed area using the Paint Roller:
(1) Select the foreground color to be used for filling. (If you are filling an object with a style instead of a solid color, you will not be able to fill it again. However, you can use the Color Eraser to change the style used to fill the object.)
(2) Select the Paint Roller tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
(3) Place the cursor inside the area to be filled and press the mouse button. At this time, the area is filled with the selected foreground color.
If there is any gap on the graphic boundary of the object being filled, the filling color will seep out from the gap and fill the entire drawing area. If this happens, wait until the color stops spreading, then select Undo from the Edit menu (or press ALT+BACKSPACE) to erase it. Please note: The drawing area itself defines a boundary, so the color filling stops at the edge of the drawing area. You can use the Zoom In command in the View menu to close the opening through which the color seeped.
Note: To prevent the loss of satisfactory work, you can reselect the Paint Roller each time you perform a filling, so that the content of the previous filling is fixed.
7. The Brush
Using the Brush tool is like using a standard hard brush to draw graphics and lines freely with the selected foreground color and line width.
1). Drawing a freehand line using the Brush tool
① Select the foreground color to be used.
② Select the line width to be used.
③ Select the Brush tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
④ Press the mouse button and drag the cursor to draw freely. Press the SHIFT key and move the mouse to draw a horizontal or vertical line.
⑤ Release the mouse button to stop drawing.
2). Changing the shape of the Brush cursor
You can change the shape of the Brush cursor to produce different drawing effects.
① Select Brush Shapes from the Options menu. At this time, the Brush Shapes dialog box appears.
② Select a cursor shape by positioning and selecting, or use the arrow keys to select a shape, and select Ok. At this time, the Brush Shapes dialog box disappears, and the Brush cursor appears in the drawing area in the selected shape.
|

ko20010214
=================================
大功告成,打个Kiss!
ko20010214@MSN.com
神州优雅Q300C
Intel CeleronM 370处理器 | 256MbDDR内存
40G硬盘 | USB2.0 | IEEE 1394
13.3 ' WXGA 宽屏(16:10) | COMBO光驱
10/100M网卡 | 四合一读卡器
|
|
2003-1-4 00:00 |
|
|
ko20010214
版主
       
积分 7294
发帖 1628
注册 2002-10-16
状态 离线
|
『第 5 楼』:
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
8.曲线(The Curve)
利用曲线工具,可以以选定的前景颜色和画线宽度来画曲线。
1).选择所要采用的前景颜色。
2).选择所要采用的画线宽度。
3).从工具箱中选择 Curve工具,并把光标移到画图区。
4).按鼠标器按钮以固定曲线的一端,继续按住该按钮,移动鼠标器。一条可活动的线从固定端点延伸到光标的当前位置,
5).(当线达到所要的长度时,释放鼠标器按钮以固定曲线的第二端点。)
6).按鼠标器按钮,并拖动光标。该线依鼠标器移动的方向弯曲。
7).当对第一条曲线的角度满意时,就释放鼠标器按钮。
如果想只在一个方向弯曲线,则定位选择第二端点。否则继续下一步骤。
8).再次按鼠标器按钮,并把光标从第一条曲线移开以向相反的方向弯曲。
9).如果对这条曲线满意,则再释放鼠标器按钮。
在第二次释放左鼠标器按钮前,可以按一下右鼠标器按钮以废除曲线并重新开始。在画完曲线后,Paintbrush用前景颜色给该曲线着色。
9.直线(The Line)
利用直线(Line)工具,可以方便地以选定的前景颜色和线宽来画直线。
1).选择所要采用的前景颜色。
2).选择线宽。
3).从工具箱中选择 Line工具,并把光标移到画图区。
4).按鼠标器按钮以固定该线的一端点,继续按住该按钮,移动鼠标器。一条可活动的线从固定端点延伸到光标所在的位置,并随鼠标器的移动扩大和缩小。
5).如果对此线的长度和位置满意,则释放鼠标器按钮,将此线插入到画图区上。
如果对此线不满意,则按一下右鼠标器按钮,同时仍按左按钮以废除此线并重新开始。
注意:要画一条特别直的垂直,水平或对角线时,可在拖动此活动的直线时按下 SHIFT键。
10.方框和填充框 (The Box and The Filled Box)
方框(Box)工具可以选定的前景颜色和画线宽度画中间空的正方形或矩形,填充方框(Filled Box)工具生成以选定的前景颜色填充,并以选定的背景颜色作边界的正方形或矩形。
画一方框或填充方框的操作:
1).选择所要采用的前景颜色。
2).如果正在画一填充方框,则还应选择作为边界的背景颜色。
3).选择所要采用的画线宽度。如果正在画一填充方框,则所选择的画线宽度决定了框边界的厚度。如果所填充的方框没有边界,则使前景颜色与背景颜色相同。
4).从工具箱中选择Box或 Filled Box工具,并把光标移到画图区。
5).在要固定此框的位置上按鼠标器按钮,并继续按住该按钮,移动鼠标器,这时,一个可活动的框从此固定点延伸到鼠标器对应的位置。并随鼠标的移动而放大或缩小。
6).当对此活动框的尺寸满意时,可释放鼠标器按钮以在画图区上插入此框。在释放左鼠标器按钮之前,可按一下右按钮以废除此框并重新开始。
11.圆角框和填充园角框(The Rounded Box and The Filled Rounded Box)
圆角框工具与框(Box)工具的功能相同,而填充圆角框工具与填充框(Filled Box)工具的功能相同,唯一的不同之处是圆角框和填充圆角框有圆的角。
要了解如何画框或填充框,可参见前面的“方框和填充方框”。
注意:如果要画一圆角或填充圆角正方形,则按下SHIFT键拖动可活动的圆角框。
12.圆/椭圆和填充圆/椭圆
使用圆或椭圆工具,可以用选定的前景颜色和画线宽度画完美的中间空的圆或椭圆。填充圆/椭圆工具生成用选定的前景颜色填充、并用选定的背景颜色作边界的圆或椭圆。
画中空的或填充的圆、椭圆的操作:
1).选择所要采用的前景颜色。
2).如果正在画一个填充圆或椭圆,则还要选择作边界的背景颜色。
3).选择所要采用的画线宽度。如果正在画一填充圆或椭圆则所选择的画线宽度决定了围绕圆或椭圆的边界的厚度。如果要求没有边界,则使前景颜色与背景颜色相同。
4).从工具箱中选择Circle/Ellipse或 Filed Cilde/Ellipse工具,并把光标移到画图区。
5).在要固定圆的位置上按鼠标器按钮,并继续按住该按钮,移动鼠标器。这时,一个可活动的圆或椭圆从此固定点延伸到光标所在的位置,并随鼠标器的移动而放大和缩小。
6).当对此可活动的圆或椭圆的尺寸和状态满意时,可释放鼠标器按钮以在画图区上插入此圆或椭圆。
在释放左鼠标器按钮之前,可按一下右按钮以废除此圆或椭圆并重新开始。
注意:如果想画一完美的中间空或填充圆,则应按下SHIFT键拖动可活动的圆。
13.多边形和填充多边形(The Polygon and the Filled polygon)
利用多边形工具,可以用选定的前景颜色和画线宽度画出直线相互联结构成的多边形,填充多边形工具生成用选定前景颜色填充、并用选定背景颜色作边界的多边形。
画中间空或填充的多边形的操作:
1).选择所要采用的前景颜色。
2).如果正在画一填充多边形,则还要选择作边界的前景颜色。
3).选择所要采用的画线宽度。如果正在画一填充多边形,则所选择的画线宽度决定了多边形边界的厚度。如果要求没有边界,则使前景颜色与背景颜色相同。
4).从工具箱中选择Polygon 或filled Polygon工具,并把光标移到画图区。
5).按鼠标器按钮以固定多边形的起点,并继续按住该按钮,移动光标。一条可活动的线从固定的起点延伸到光标所在的位置,并随鼠标器的移动而放大和缩小。
6).当到达多边形的第一条侧边结束的位置时,释放鼠标器按钮。从起点到释放鼠标器按钮的地方出现一条线。随后第一条侧边的结束点成为第二条侧边的起点。
7).继续增加侧边,直到准备形成多边形。如果对所画的多边形不满意,则定位选择右鼠标器按钮以废除它并重新开始。
8).当准备完成多边形时,按鼠标器按钮两次。这时,多边形自动闭合。
注意:要画笔直的水平线、垂直线或对角线,可按下SHIFT键移动鼠标器。
如果愿意,可为多边形画出侧边而不必拖动可活动的线。只要移动光标,不按鼠标器按钮,到下一条要结束的位置,再按一下鼠标器按钮。这时在两点间出现一条线,而在释放鼠标器按钮之前,可调整这条线位置。
### 8. The Curve
Using the curve tool, you can draw curves with the selected foreground color and line width.
1). Select the desired foreground color.
2). Select the desired line width.
3). Choose the Curve tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
4). Press and hold the mouse button to fix one end of the curve, then continue to hold the button and move the mouse. An active line extends from the fixed end point to the current position of the cursor.
5). (When the line reaches the desired length, release the mouse button to fix the second end point of the curve.)
6). Press and hold the mouse button and drag the cursor. The line bends in the direction the mouse is moved.
7). Release the mouse button when satisfied with the angle of the first curve.
If you want to bend the line in only one direction, position and select the second end point. Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
8). Press and hold the mouse button again and move the cursor away from the first curve to bend it in the opposite direction.
9). Release the mouse button when satisfied with the curve.
Before releasing the left mouse button for the second time, you can press the right mouse button to cancel the curve and start over. After drawing the curve, Paintbrush colors the curve with the foreground color.
### 9. The Line
Using the Line tool, you can easily draw a straight line with the selected foreground color and line width.
1). Select the desired foreground color.
2). Select the line width.
3). Choose the Line tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
4). Press and hold the mouse button to fix one end point of the line, then continue to hold the button and move the mouse. An active line extends from the fixed end point to the position of the cursor and expands or contracts as the mouse is moved.
5). Release the mouse button if satisfied with the length and position of the line to insert it into the drawing area.
If not satisfied with the line, press the right mouse button while still holding the left button to cancel the line and start over.
Note: To draw a particularly straight vertical, horizontal, or diagonal line, press the SHIFT key while dragging the active line.
### 10. The Box and The Filled Box
The Box tool can draw an empty square or rectangle with the selected foreground color and line width. The Filled Box tool generates a square or rectangle filled with the selected foreground color and bordered by the selected background color.
Steps to draw a box or filled box:
1). Select the desired foreground color.
2). If drawing a filled box, also select the background color for the border.
3). Select the desired line width. If drawing a filled box, the selected line width determines the thickness of the box border. If no border is required, make the foreground color the same as the background color.
4). Choose the Box or Filled Box tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
5). Press and hold the mouse button at the position where you want to fix the box, then continue to hold the button and move the mouse. An active box extends from the fixed point to the position corresponding to the mouse and expands or contracts as the mouse is moved.
6). Release the mouse button when satisfied with the size of the active box to insert it into the drawing area. Press the right button before releasing the left mouse button to cancel the box and start over.
### 11. The Rounded Box and The Filled Rounded Box
The Rounded Box tool has the same function as the Box tool, and the Filled Rounded Box tool has the same function as the Filled Box tool. The only difference is that rounded boxes and filled rounded boxes have rounded corners.
For how to draw a box or filled box, refer to the previous "Box and Filled Box".
Note: To draw a rounded or filled rounded square, press the SHIFT key while dragging the active rounded box.
### 12. Circle/Ellipse and Filled Circle/Ellipse
Using the circle or ellipse tool, you can draw a perfect empty circle or ellipse with the selected foreground color and line width. The Filled Circle/Ellipse tool generates a circle or ellipse filled with the selected foreground color and bordered by the selected background color.
Steps to draw an empty or filled circle or ellipse:
1). Select the desired foreground color.
2). If drawing a filled circle or ellipse, also select the background color for the border.
3). Select the desired line width. If drawing a filled circle or ellipse, the selected line width determines the thickness of the border around the circle or ellipse. If no border is required, make the foreground color the same as the background color.
4). Choose the Circle/Ellipse or Filled Circle/Ellipse tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
5). Press and hold the mouse button at the position where you want to fix the circle, then continue to hold the button and move the mouse. An active circle or ellipse extends from the fixed point to the position of the cursor and expands or contracts as the mouse is moved.
6). Release the mouse button when satisfied with the size and shape of the active circle or ellipse to insert it into the drawing area. Press the right button before releasing the left mouse button to cancel the circle or ellipse and start over.
Note: To draw a perfect empty or filled circle, press the SHIFT key while dragging the active circle.
### 13. The Polygon and the Filled Polygon
Using the polygon tool, you can draw a polygon composed of connected straight lines with the selected foreground color and line width. The Filled Polygon tool generates a polygon filled with the selected foreground color and bordered by the selected background color.
Steps to draw an empty or filled polygon:
1). Select the desired foreground color.
2). If drawing a filled polygon, also select the foreground color for the border.
3). Select the desired line width. If drawing a filled polygon, the selected line width determines the thickness of the polygon border. If no border is required, make the foreground color the same as the background color.
4). Choose the Polygon or Filled Polygon tool from the toolbox and move the cursor to the drawing area.
5). Press and hold the mouse button to fix the starting point of the polygon, then continue to hold the button and move the cursor. An active line extends from the fixed starting point to the position of the cursor and expands or contracts as the mouse is moved.
6). Release the mouse button when reaching the end of the first side of the polygon. A line appears from the starting point to the place where the mouse button was released. Then the end point of the first side becomes the starting point of the second side.
7). Continue to add sides until ready to form the polygon. If not satisfied with the drawn polygon, position and select the right mouse button to cancel it and start over.
8). When ready to complete the polygon, press the mouse button twice. The polygon automatically closes.
Note: To draw straight horizontal, vertical, or diagonal lines, press the SHIFT key while moving the mouse.
If you want, you can draw sides of the polygon without dragging the active line. Just move the cursor, do not press the mouse button, to the position where the next side should end, then press the mouse button once. A line appears between the two points, and you can adjust the position of the line before releasing the mouse button.
|

ko20010214
=================================
大功告成,打个Kiss!
ko20010214@MSN.com
神州优雅Q300C
Intel CeleronM 370处理器 | 256MbDDR内存
40G硬盘 | USB2.0 | IEEE 1394
13.3 ' WXGA 宽屏(16:10) | COMBO光驱
10/100M网卡 | 四合一读卡器
|
|
2003-1-4 00:00 |
|
|
ko20010214
版主
       
积分 7294
发帖 1628
注册 2002-10-16
状态 离线
|
『第 6 楼』:
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
(六)编辑图画
在生成一幅Paintbrush图画时,有许多工具和功能可用来帮助对此图画作修改。 BACKSPACE健和在 Edit菜单上的 Undo命令可用于删除图画中还没有固定下来的部分。有关 BACKSPACE 键,Undo命令和固定的详细内容,可参见本节前面的“切块工具”。
在粘接了部分或整个图画之后,可使用Eraser工具擦除、 Color Eraser修改其颜色,也可定义和选择一个称为切块的绘图区。然后切割、移动、粘接此切块,可将切块保存到磁盘中,再读出且使用其中的某部分或全部,下面介绍如何使用擦除器和如何处理切块,有关定义切块的详细内容,参见本节前面的“切块工具”。
1.擦除器的使用
通过在图画的某部分上拖动 Eraser 光标,可以擦除Eraser接触到的所有前景颜色。也可用 Color Eraser改变图画的部分或全部颜色。
2.切块
1).切割和复制切块
利用 Edit菜单上的 Copy、 Cut和 Paste命令,可以将已定义的切块传送到剪接板,或将已定义的切块从剪接板传送过来,就象在其它Windows应用程序中传送选定的正文一样。
粘接一个切块时,切块出现在绘图区左上角的一个可变框中(自动选择 Toolbox右上角的 Pick工具),用户需要将切块移到绘图区中希望其永久出现的位置。
重要的是要记住在切割和复制时,不能复制比当前画图区大的切块,除非已快速缩小( Zoom out)了整个图画,如果这样做了,则 paintbrush仅复制在画图区中显示的那部分切块。
粘接一个切块的操作:
在切块外按鼠标按钮,或定义一新切块,或选择某工具。
2).链接和粘接切块
可拷贝、链接或粘接切块,从而将其插到 Paintbrush中,用此插入的方法决定了如何对其加以修改,仅当应用程序支持目标链接和目标粘接时,把图画传送到其中,用户方可链接和粘接图画,请检查所有应用程序的文档。
以下给出各种方法的说明:
(1)拷贝
可将图画拷贝到不同应用程序的文档中。一旦图画已处于新文档中,则修改它的方式仅限于删除它或将另一幅图画拷贝到它的位置。如果拷贝一图画,则先使用Edit菜单上的 Copy命令将其拷贝到剪接板上。
(2)粘接
粘接与拷贝类似,所不的是在另一应用程序的文档中可编辑粘接的图画,粘接一幅图画,应先使用 Edit菜单上的 Copy命令将其拷贝到剪接板上。
(3)链接
指动态链接两个文件,当某个文件中的信息发生变化时,另一个文件的信息也动态的自动修改。链接一个目标,必须先使用 Edit菜单上的 Copy命令将其拷贝到剪接板上。
从剪接板插入、粘接图画或目标到应用程序的命令,依赖于用户选择的插入方法(拷贝、粘接、链接),请检查应用程序的文档,以查明如何完成这些过程。
(使用 Edit菜单上的 Copy命令将图画拷贝到剪接板上时,可以使用不同的格式,以确保其它应用程序能够显示它。
有些应用程序只能读取部分格式的图画。当在 Paintbrush 和其它应用程序间拷贝图画之前,必须限制把图画拷贝到剪接板的格式。
请检查其它应用程序的文档,以查明如何完成这些过程。
限制把图画拷贝到剪接板格式的操作:
①从Options菜单上选择 Omit Pictuse Format 。菜单命令旁边出现一个检测框。
②选择图画,将其拷贝到剪接板上。
3).移动切块
定义一个切块后,就可在画图区内任意移动它。
移动切块的操作:
①把光标移入切块。
②按鼠标器的任意按钮。并在画图区内拖动切块。如果要把此切块透明地插入在新的位置上,则利用左鼠标器按钮,否则利用右鼠标器按钮。
③当切块处在所要放置的位置时,释放鼠标器按钮。
④在切块的外面按一下鼠标器按钮,便将切块永久地插入在新的位置处。
4).拷贝切块
移动切块时,可选择在它原来的位置上留下该切块的拷贝。
移动切块并在其后留下一拷贝的操作:
①把光标移至切块中。
②按任一鼠标器按钮,并按下SHIFT键把切块拖离其拷贝。如果要把此切块透明地插入在新的位置上, ,则使用左鼠标器按钮,否则,使用右鼠标器按钮。
③一旦把切块移出其拷贝就释放SHIFT键。
④当切块处在所要放置的位置时,释放鼠标器按钮。
⑤在切块外面按任一鼠标器按钮,便将切块永久地插入在其新位置上。
5).延伸切块
在延伸一个切块时,将该切块在画图区移动,并在切块的后面留下一系列拷贝。
延伸切块的操作:
①把光标移至切块中。
②按任一鼠标器按钮,并按下CTRL键拖动切块通过画图区。如果要透明地延伸切块,则使用左鼠标按钮,否则,应使用右鼠标器按钮。
③当完成延伸切块时,释放鼠标器按钮和CTRL键。
④在切块外面按一下任一鼠标器按钮,便将切块永久地插入在画图区中。
6).在快速缩小模式下移动延伸和拷贝
当在快速缩小模式下执行一个切块操作时,只能不透明地插入切块。选取Paste 或Paste From后,在画图区的左上角出现一个表示切块的框。可把光标移到框中,并把它拖到期望的位置上,要把它插入进来,可在框外按一下鼠标器按钮。如果插入一个比图画本身要大的切块就必须在此框外按一下鼠标器按钮。
7).透明与不透明粘接和延伸
每当插入或延伸一个切块时,都可选择是以透明还是不透明的方式进行。如果透明地插入或延伸,则图画上切块覆盖的所有部分都会显露出来,否则,整个切块区域会覆盖住图画上在该切块下的所有部分。
如果要透明插入或延伸,则切块的背景颜色和当前选定背景颜色是相同的,否则,插入或延伸的物体就不是透明的。
注意:如果要在屏幕上不透明地延伸一个切块,则可能需要定义一个自由形状的切块。通过生成一个紧紧围线着所要延伸的物体的切块。所延伸的形状就仅是那个定义的物体。如果定义一个矩形切块,则所得到的物体就处在一个有背景颜色的框中。
9).从磁盘中恢复一个切块
在 Edit菜单上的 Paste From命令可以从磁盘上恢复一个以前保存的切块,并把它放置在画图区中。 Paste From命令的作用很象 File菜单上的 Open命令。
当把以前保存的切块插入到 Paintbrush 中时。该切块出现在画图区右上角的可活动框中(自动选择工具箱顶部右边的Pick切块工具)。需把切块移到在画图区上让它永久出现的位置上。
注意:如果把一幅以前保存的图画插入到一黑白画中,则 Paintbrush 将颜色转变成黑和白。
把切块放置在让它永久出现位置上的操作;
①把光标移至可活动框中,并按鼠标器按钮。
②把切块拖到要它出现的位置上,并释放鼠标器按钮。如果在插入之前,想看切块的高度、宽度、颜色数以及切块中所使用的彩色位平面数,则选取Paste From 对话框中的Info开关,可获知这些信息。
③在切块外面按一下鼠标器按钮,便将它插入在画图区上。
如上所述为 Paintbrush的基本特性, Paintbrush还有许多其它特性,包括:
·缩小、放大、倒转和倾斜所定义的切块。
·颠倒切块中的颜色。
·生成包含更多细节的图画等等,从而你可生成更优美的图文编排。
(VI) Editing the Picture
When generating a Paintbrush picture, there are many tools and functions available to help modify this picture. The BACKSPACE key and the Undo command on the Edit menu can be used to delete parts of the picture that have not been fixed yet. For detailed content about the BACKSPACE key, the Undo command, and fixing, please refer to the "Chunk Tool" earlier in this section.
After pasting part or the entire picture, you can use the Eraser tool to erase, use the Color Eraser to modify its color, or define and select a drawing area called a chunk. Then cut, move, and paste this chunk, save the chunk to the disk, and then read it out and use part or all of it. The following introduces how to use the eraser and how to handle chunks. For detailed content about defining chunks, refer to the "Chunk Tool" earlier in this section.
1. Use of the Eraser
By dragging the Eraser cursor over part of the picture, you can erase all the foreground colors that the Eraser touches. You can also use the Color Eraser to change part or all of the color of the picture.
2. Chunks
1). Cutting and Copying Chunks
Using the Copy, Cut, and Paste commands on the Edit menu, you can transfer the defined chunk to the clipboard or transfer the defined chunk from the clipboard, just like transferring selected text in other Windows applications.
When pasting a chunk, the chunk appears in a variable box at the upper left corner of the drawing area (automatically selecting the Pick tool at the upper right corner of the Toolbox). The user needs to move the chunk to the position in the drawing area where it is expected to appear permanently.
It is important to remember that when cutting and copying, you cannot copy a chunk larger than the current drawing area unless the entire picture has been quickly zoomed out (Zoom out). If this is done, then Paintbrush will only copy the part of the chunk that is displayed in the drawing area.
Operation of pasting a chunk:
Press the mouse button outside the chunk, or define a new chunk, or select a tool.
2). Linking and Pasting Chunks
You can copy, link, or paste chunks and insert them into Paintbrush. The method of insertion determines how they are modified. You can only link and paste pictures if the application supports target linking and target pasting. Please check the documentation of all applications.
The following gives descriptions of various methods:
(1) Copying
You can copy the picture to the document of a different application. Once the picture is in the new document, the only way to modify it is to delete it or copy another picture to its position. If you copy a picture, first use the Copy command on the Edit menu to copy it to the clipboard.
(2) Pasting
Pasting is similar to copying, except that the pasted picture can be edited in the document of another application. To paste a picture, first use the Copy command on the Edit menu to copy it to the clipboard.
(3) Linking
Refers to dynamically linking two files. When the information in one file changes, the information in the other file is also dynamically and automatically modified. To link a target, you must first use the Copy command on the Edit menu to copy it to the clipboard.
The command to insert, paste a picture or target from the clipboard into the application depends on the insertion method (copy, paste, link) selected by the user. Please check the documentation of the application to find out how to complete these processes.
(When using the Copy command on the Edit menu to copy the picture to the clipboard, different formats can be used to ensure that other applications can display it.
Some applications can only read pictures in part of the formats. Before copying the picture between Paintbrush and other applications, you must limit the format in which the picture is copied to the clipboard.
Please check the documentation of other applications to find out how to complete these processes.
Operation of limiting the format for copying the picture to the clipboard:
① Select Omit Picture Format from the Options menu. A check box appears next to the menu command.
② Select the picture and copy it to the clipboard.
3). Moving a Chunk
After defining a chunk, you can move it arbitrarily within the drawing area.
Operation of moving a chunk:
① Move the cursor into the chunk.
② Press any button of the mouse and drag the chunk within the drawing area. If you want to insert this chunk transparently in the new position, use the left mouse button; otherwise, use the right mouse button.
③ When the chunk is in the desired position, release the mouse button.
④ Press the mouse button outside the chunk to permanently insert the chunk in the new position.
4). Copying a Chunk
When moving a chunk, you can choose to leave a copy of the chunk in its original position.
Operation of moving a chunk and leaving a copy behind:
① Move the cursor into the chunk.
② Press any mouse button and press the SHIFT key to drag the chunk away from its copy. If you want to insert this chunk transparently in the new position, use the left mouse button; otherwise, use the right mouse button.
③ Release the SHIFT key once the chunk is moved away from its copy.
④ When the chunk is in the desired position, release the mouse button.
⑤ Press any mouse button outside the chunk to permanently insert the chunk in its new position.
5). Extending a Chunk
When extending a chunk, move the chunk in the drawing area and leave a series of copies behind the chunk.
Operation of extending a chunk:
① Move the cursor into the chunk.
② Press any mouse button and press the CTRL key to drag the chunk through the drawing area. If you want to extend the chunk transparently, use the left mouse button; otherwise, use the right mouse button.
③ Release the mouse button and the CTRL key when the extension of the chunk is completed.
④ Press any mouse button outside the chunk to permanently insert the chunk in the drawing area.
6). Moving, Extending, and Copying in Quick Zoom Out Mode
When performing a chunk operation in quick zoom out mode, the chunk can only be inserted non-transparently. After selecting Paste or Paste From, a box representing the chunk appears at the upper left corner of the drawing area. You can move the cursor into the box and drag it to the desired position. To insert it, press the mouse button outside the box. If you insert a chunk larger than the picture itself, you must press the mouse button outside the box.
7). Transparent and Non-Transparent Pasting and Extending
Whenever inserting or extending a chunk, you can choose to do it transparently or non-transparently. If inserted or extended transparently, all parts of the picture covered by the chunk will be revealed; otherwise, the entire chunk area will cover all parts of the picture under the chunk.
If you want to insert or extend transparently, the background color of the chunk is the same as the currently selected background color; otherwise, the inserted or extended object is not transparent.
Note: If you want to extend a chunk non-transparently on the screen, you may need to define a free-form chunk. By generating a chunk that tightly encloses the object to be extended, the extended shape will only be that defined object. If a rectangular chunk is defined, the resulting object will be in a box with a background color.
9). Restoring a Chunk from the Disk
The Paste From command on the Edit menu can restore a previously saved chunk from the disk and place it in the drawing area. The Paste From command is very similar to the Open command on the File menu.
When inserting a previously saved chunk into Paintbrush, the chunk appears in a movable box at the upper right corner of the drawing area (automatically selecting the Pick Chunk tool at the upper right of the Toolbox). You need to move the chunk to the position in the drawing area where it is to appear permanently.
Note: If you insert a previously saved picture into a black-and-white picture, Paintbrush will convert the colors to black and white.
Operation of placing the chunk in the position where it is to appear permanently:
① Move the cursor into the movable box and press the mouse button.
② Drag the chunk to the desired position and release the mouse button. If you want to see the height, width, number of colors, and the number of color planes used in the chunk before insertion, select the Info switch in the Paste From dialog box to obtain this information.
③ Press the mouse button outside the chunk to insert it into the drawing area.
As described above are the basic characteristics of Paintbrush. Paintbrush also has many other characteristics, including:
·Zoom in, zoom out, invert, and skew the defined chunk.
·Invert the colors in the chunk.
·Generate pictures with more details, etc., so that you can generate more beautiful page layouts.
|

ko20010214
=================================
大功告成,打个Kiss!
ko20010214@MSN.com
神州优雅Q300C
Intel CeleronM 370处理器 | 256MbDDR内存
40G硬盘 | USB2.0 | IEEE 1394
13.3 ' WXGA 宽屏(16:10) | COMBO光驱
10/100M网卡 | 四合一读卡器
|
|
2003-1-4 00:00 |
|
|
ko20010214
版主
       
积分 7294
发帖 1628
注册 2002-10-16
状态 离线
|
『第 7 楼』:
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
六、Windows 3.1的实际应用
(一)在Windows 3.1下使用WPS
用鼠标器激活Main图标,选取MS-DOS提示图标,使Windows进入DOS命令行状态C>。请用户注意此时屏幕上出现的提示信息:
□敲入EXIT并按回车键,退出应用程序返回Windows。
□按ALT+TAB切换任务。
□按ALT+ENTER在全屏幕和窗口方式间切换。
现在就可以按通常方法使用Super-CCDOS、WPS、SPT、汉字DBASE。
进入WPS子目录,键入:
SPDOS
即进入汉字系统,然后可以装入外加输入法模块等。
如果是单纯的文字处理,在进入WPS子目录后,用户可以直接输入:
WPS
因为WPS。EXE具有在当前目录自动搜索并装入SPDOS.COM的功能(SPT.EXE则不具备此功能)。不过,在退出WPS时也自动卸去SPDOS。
此方法简单易行,与通常情况下使用Super-CCDOS没什么区别。
如需要本方法支持后台运行(或打印),请用户按ALT+空格键后修改Settings 项内容,在Windows强大功能的控制管理之下,系统得到数倍于物理内存的虚拟存储空间, 可以加载更多的任务,提高 CPU的利用率,甚至可以按ALT+TAB实现Windows各任务间的切换,可以按ALT+ENTER使CCDOS、WPS、SPT、DBASE在一个窗口中运行( 此时速度大为降低,最好是在全屏幕下运行),更重要的是现在随时可向Windows提供汉字图文数据。
1.Windows享用WPS、SPT提供的汉字图文数据
西文Windows本身不能直接处理汉字图文数据。但WPS、SPT正好弥补了这一不足, WPS、SPT在这里充当了“半成品原料加工厂”的角色,可以为Windows Pain1、 brush、Write等应用程序提供“汉字原料”,再经它们的加工处理即可得到色彩丰富、图文并茂的漂亮文稿。下面以为Paintbrush提供数据为例介绍。
首先在程序管理器中调出Paintbrush。然后再进入WPS,模拟显示时, 对感兴趣的屏幕,按下Pause键,再按下Print Screen键,此时已将屏幕上的汉字图文信息传送( 复制)到Windows剪裁板(Clipboard)上,按ALT+TAB键。切换到Paintbrush。 选Edit/Paste后,用户可看到传送过来的黑白汉字画面,使用Paintbarush提供的多种工具和调色板,画面的背景和汉字颜色可以根据自己的需要进行任意更改。Paintbrush产生的彩色图文画面可以被Write等应用程序转换使用。这时用户对“中西”结合的魅力已略有体验。
用户甚至可以将WPS的封面或编辑现场传送给Windows。传送到Windows的汉字图文数据。可在系统支持的打印机上输出。SPT中的图文传送方法与其的基本相同,以上示例仅是较为简单的传送方法。窗口运行方式下图文也可传送,并且有更大的选择余地。
注意两点:
(1)传送到剪裁板上的图文信息,要随时取走,否则将被下次传送信息冲掉;
(2)SPT生成的图形文字不能被Paintbrush直接使用,因为文件格式不同。
2.关于系统配置文件
Config.sys应有如下设置:
DEVICE=C:\WIN\HIMEM.SYS;管理XMS内存。
File=30可以同时打开更多的文件。
BuFFERS=20,设置缓冲区,若使用高速缓存驱动程序,可适当减小。
STACKS=9,256;设置更大的栈空间。
Autoexec.bat最好有:
C:\WIN\SMARTDRV.EXE;设置高速缓存,加快运行速度。
如想在WPS、SPT中使用鼠标器,还要有相应驱动程序。
Windows能够提供仿真EMS内存,如没有必要从config。sys中移去EMM386驱动程序。
3.总结
上面重点介绍了将WPS作为一个任务加载到西文Windows 3。1环境下的技术细节和注意事项,以及通过WPS和SPT向Windows提供汉字图文数据的基本方法。 加载较易操作,与通常使用Super-CCDOS的方法基本相同,适应性较强,但加载需多步才能完成。 用户可根据自己的情况灵活选用。
这些基本原理和方法不仅适用于3.1版Windows用户,对3.0版用户和其它汉字系统同样具有参考价值。
运行环境说明:所用机型为Super 386/40,4MB RAM,VGA显示器,操作系统为MS- DOS5.0,汉字系统为PUC-Ⅱ型卡支持下的Super-CCDOS 5.2,WPS2.2,SPT1.1, 在Windows386增强模式下工作。
最后提请方正-Super Ⅲ、Ⅴ型卡用户注意,因Super-CCDOS 6.0(α、β)版的EMS 内存管理与Windows仿真EMS内存或MS-DOS 5.0的EMS386.EXE有冲突, 不能采用本附录介绍的方法,否则将造成系统锁死!
(二)在Windows下使用PC TOOLS 8.0
PC Tools 8.0的一个显著性能是在Microsoft Windows3.x下操作大多数PC Tools实用程序的能力,本节介绍在Windows下运行PC Tools的一般过程。
PC Tools8.0中包含两个专门用于在Microsoft Windows下使用的程序:
Central Point Scheduler和TSR Manager。
既然可以在DOS下使用其他的PC Tools程序Anti-Virus,Desktop,Commute等等,也可以在Windows下进入这些程序。本节将介绍如何使用Windows,使它作为PC Tools程序的工作平台。
1.启动Windows 3.x
Windows启动后,可以进入三种模式:实模式,标准模式和增强模式, 这取决于使用的计算机和使用的Windows版本.
1)Read mode(实模式)。如果所用的计算机是Intel 8086或8088芯片,Windows将进入实模式,而且不能运行Windows 3.1, 实模式可以通过Windows 3. 0 运行所有专为Windows 2.0所写的Windows程序.在Windows3.1中,实模式无效。可以在DOS提示符下通过键入win/r来强制Windows 3.0启动后进入实模式。
2)Stardard mode(标准模式)。如果所用计算机使用的是80286 CPU,Windows 启动后自动进入标准模式。在标准模式下,非Windows的应用程序,只能在全屏幕下运行。但可以在并行的应用程序中切换。当切换到一个非Windows程序时, 其他所有的程序将被挂起。如果所用的计算机是Intel 80386 CPU,可以在DOS提示符下, 通过键入win/s来强制Windows启动后进入标准模式,以获得改进了的执行。
3)Enhanced mode(增强模式)。一台拥有80386芯片的计算机进入Windows的缺省模式就是增强模式。在增强模式下,Windows可以同时运行Windows程序和非Windows 程序。非Windows程序,就象Windows程序一样,能够在可变大小的窗口中运行,就象在全屏幕中运行一样。以DOS为基础的PC Tools应用程序的缺省设置是在全屏幕下运行。 当键入Windows启动命令并回车后,Windows显示它自己的标记并开始装入。如果在PC Tools的安装程序中,选择让Windows自动装入TSR Manager和Central Point。
2.在Windows下运行PC Tools程序
当安装PC Tools和它的Windows应用程序时,安装程序会自动创建一个名为PC Tools的Windows程序组。要在Windows中运行一个PC Tools程序。用鼠标定位双选择PC Tools的肖像。Windows将打开PC Tools程序组,并显示下列程序的肖像
DiskFix
PC Tools Desktop
Desktop Accessories
Directory Maintenance
CP Commute
Wipe
FileFix
System Information
PC Config
File Find
TSR Manager
PC FORMAT
View
Unformat
PC Secure
Scheduler
Central Point Anti-Virus
Windows在每个肖像下显示程序名字。要启动一个程序, 可以用鼠标定位双选择这个程序的肖像,或者可以按箭头键将高亮显示移动想启动的那个程序的名字上,然后按Enter键。
如果程序是设计在 Windows下运行,如Central Point Scheduler和TSR Manager 程序,程序就会打开它们的可移动窗口。
在缺省方式下,当在Microsoft Windows中用全屏幕模式运行一个PC Tools程序时, 鼠标指示器在屏幕上显示为一个方块而不是一个箭头。(注:在Windows窗口中, 鼠标指示箭头不会在一个PC Tools程序中显示,看到的只是Windows的指示器)。为了看到箭头形状的指示器,为每个应用程序编辑PIF文件并且在PIF文件的Options Parameters行增加/BT参数。
如果打算在一个窗口中让Windows3.1显示一个PC Tools DOS程序, 可以使用下述方法:
1)编辑Windows PIF Editor,通过修改PIF (Program Information File, 程序信息文件)为PC Tools实用程序指定Windows为Display Usage选择项。这个Display Usage选择项显示了DISKFIX实用程序将在全屏幕, 而不是在定义了的窗口中执行。从Program Manager中的PC Tools程序组中启动这个程序。
2)全屏幕显示这个程序,然后按ALT+Enter,切换到窗口模式下。
PIF文件存放在WINDOWS目录下,每个PC Tools程序都有自己的PIF文件的名字。因为Scheduler和TSR Manager不是以DOS为基础的程序,所以没有专为它们的应用而建立的PIF文件,因此前表中除这两个程序外,其他程序如DISK FIX 等都有自己的PIF文件。
3.在Windows下使用PC Tools的应用程序
下面介绍在Microsoft Windows下运行PC Tools程序所要注意的特殊事项。当从PC Tools程序组中打开一个应用程序之后,打开某个程序的过程总是相同的, 就象在没有运行Windows下启动这个程序一样。但不能用Microsoft Windows 来启动某些程序(如Compress)。
1)Commute 当在一台装有Windows 3.x的计算机上安装PC Tools Commute时,Install将鼠标器,键盘,显示器的驱动程序COMMOU.DRV,COMMKBD.DRV,COMMDIS.DRV拷贝到WINDOWS目录下,并将新的驱动程序写到SYSTEM.INI中的适当行上。如果Commute工作不正常,则可能需要为增强模式,内存管理程序、或Novell Network作出一步的调整,下面将介绍其中的一些调整。
a.386 Enhanced Mode (386增强模式为了使其它人能使用一台通过Commute 与用户计算机相联的计算机。在 386Enhanced mode(386增强模式)下运行Windows, 将驱动程序COMMVXD.386从\PCTOOLS\SYSTEM目录下(或从安装PC Tools时设置的目录下),拷贝到\WINDOWS\SYSTEM目录中。编辑SYS.INI文件。 在386Enh 部分增加一行命令:device=commvxd.386。
b.Memory Manager Program(内存管理程序),如果在远程运行Windows碰到了锁定或系统错误,并且有一个内存管理程序,可能在运行Commute时,需要除去一部分高址内存。改变CONFIG.SYS文件以除去内存段B000-BFFF。
c.Novell Network,如果在一个Novell Network (Novell网络)上通过Commute 运行Windows时,出现问题,可试着在启动Windows之前 ,先装入Commute,并驻留内存。
当用户在一个Windows阶段操作时,必须装入Windows TSR Manager, 以便为Commute应答进入的呼叫。
2)Compress
Compress不在Windows下运行。
3)Data Montior
Data Monitor的写保护(Wirte Protection)、目录锁定(Directory Lock)、删除踪迹(Delete Tracker) 和删除哨位( Delete Sentry) 等性质在用户运行MicrosoftWindows3.x时,仍然有效。然而,用户必须运行TSR Manager,以便Data Monitor 能够在用户想从一个被保护的目录中栅除或修改一个文件时,显示警告信息。如果不运行TSR Manager,将听到一声警报而看不到警告信息。
注意:在缺省方式下。PC Tools 8.0安装程序将TSR Manager加到Windows的设置文件WIN.INI中,以便在每次开始一个Windows任务时,TSR Manager 能够自动启动。TSR Manager 能使Data Monitor 和其他的PC Tools 内存驻留程序, 在必要时, 在Microsoft Windows环境中显示信息。
如果执行了TSR Manager,要进入一个锁定的目录,Data Monitor 将会显示一个对话框,要求输入一个口令。如果未执行TSR Manager,将听到一声警报, 而看不到任何信息,而且也不能输入一个口令,不能进入锁定的目录。
4)DiskFix
DiskFix是磁盘修理程序。可以在Windows下运行DiskFix, 来分析一个驱动程序的状态并产生一个关于该驱动程序的报告。如果要在Windows中运行DiskFix来修复一个磁盘。DiskFix将显示信息“This operation cannot be done while running Windows”,(运行Windows该操作不能执行)。为了进行修改,首先必须退出Windows。
5)PC-Cache
PC-Cache是PC Tools的磁盘缓冲程序, 可以通过为最频繁使用的磁盘数据提供一个内存缓冲区来加速磁盘存取。
另一个磁盘缓冲程序,SMARTDRV.SYS,配置在Windows3. x 的软件中。 不要同时使用SMARTDRV.SYS和PC-Cache。在两个程序中选择一个执行。运行PC-Cache是因为它能为 DOS程序和Windows3.x程序自动调整用户计算机内存的使用。
如果用户打算在自己的计算机上运行Windows3.x,用/WIN 参数启动PC-Cache。 当你启动Windows时,PC-Cache自动紧缩以提供更大的内存空间给Windows。PC-Cache也将关闭写延迟的特性。当从Windows中退出时,PC-Cache使用返回原始大小的缓冲区,并打开写延迟特性。
除非在启动命令中使用/WIN参数,否则当启动Windows时,PC-Cache 将不会调整自己的大小,但会关掉写延迟。当退出Windows后,通过键pc-cache/write<img src="images/smilies/face-surprise.png" align="absmiddle" border="0">n 重新打开写延迟。
如果通过配置PC-Cache以使在扩展(LIM EMS)内存中创建一个大于300K的缓冲区。当启动Windows时,这个缓冲区自动无效。
当退出Windows后、建入PC-Cache\on重新启动PC-Cache。
6)PC Tools Desktop
当在Windows下运行PC Desktop 时, 它是作为一个独立程序运行, 并不是作为一个TSR.Windows的多重任务的功能使用户能尽可能地使用这个程序,如果它驻留在内存中的话。
当在一个窗口中启动程序后,键Ctrl+Esc来显示Windows TaskList(Windows 任务列举),从这个清单中选择另一个程序。 Windows 会切换到其他程序。 也可以按往Alt+Tab或Ctrl+Esc,从Task List中选择这个程序。 因为Desktop在Windows中运行,Desktop不能监督任何电子邮件的阅读和发送时间表。 然而,这个任务将由Scheduler来完成。
VI. Practical Applications of Windows 3.1
(1) Using WPS under Windows 3.1
Activate the Main icon with the mouse, select the MS-DOS Prompt icon to make Windows enter the DOS command line state C>. Please note the prompt information on the screen at this time:
□ Type EXIT and press Enter to exit the application and return to Windows.
□ Press ALT+TAB to switch tasks.
□ Press ALT+ENTER to switch between full-screen and window modes.
Now you can use Super-CCDOS, WPS, SPT, and Chinese character DBASE in the usual way.
Enter the WPS subdirectory and type:
SPDOS
Then enter the Chinese character system, and then you can load additional input method modules, etc.
If it is simply text processing, after entering the WPS subdirectory, the user can directly type:
WPS
Because WPS.EXE has the function of automatically searching and loading SPDOS.COM in the current directory (SPT.EXE does not have this function). However, when exiting WPS, SPDOS is automatically unloaded.
This method is simple and easy to implement, and is not much different from using Super-CCDOS in the usual situation.
If you need this method to support background running (or printing), please press ALT+Spacebar and then modify the content of the Settings item. Under the control and management of Windows' powerful functions, the system gets virtual storage space several times the physical memory, can load more tasks, improve CPU utilization, and can even use ALT+TAB to switch between Windows tasks, and use ALT+ENTER to make CCDOS, WPS, SPT, DBASE run in one window (at this time the speed is greatly reduced, it is best to run in full-screen), and more importantly, now you can provide Chinese character graphics and text data to Windows at any time.
1. Windows Using Chinese Character Graphics and Text Data Provided by WPS and SPT
Western Windows itself cannot directly process Chinese character graphics and text data. But WPS and SPT just make up for this shortcoming. WPS and SPT act as the role of "semi-finished product raw material processing plants" here, and can provide "Chinese character raw materials" for Windows applications such as Paint, brush, Write, etc., and then through their processing, you can get beautiful documents with rich colors and pictures. Take providing data for Paintbrush as an example to introduce below.
First, call up Paintbrush in the Program Manager. Then enter WPS, when simulating display, press the Pause key for the screen of interest, and then press the Print Screen key. At this time, the Chinese character graphics and text information on the screen has been transmitted (copied) to the Windows Clipboard. Press the ALT+TAB key. Switch to Paintbrush. Select Edit/Paste, and the user can see the transmitted black-and-white Chinese character screen. Use various tools and palettes provided by Paintbrush, and the background and Chinese character colors of the screen can be arbitrarily changed according to your needs. The colored graphics and text screen generated by Paintbrush can be converted and used by applications such as Write. At this time, the user has a little experience of the charm of "Chinese and Western" combination.
Users can even transmit the cover or editing scene of WPS to Windows. The Chinese character graphics and text data transmitted to Windows can be output on the printer supported by the system. The method of transmitting graphics and text in SPT is basically the same as that. The above example is just a relatively simple transmission method. Graphics and text can also be transmitted in window operation mode, and there is a greater choice.
Note two points:
(1) The graphics and text information transmitted to the clipboard should be taken away in time, otherwise it will be erased by the next transmitted information;
(2) The graphic text generated by SPT cannot be directly used by Paintbrush because the file format is different.
2. About the System Configuration File
Config.sys should have the following settings:
DEVICE=C:\WIN\HIMEM.SYS; Manage XMS memory.
File=30 can open more files at the same time.
BuFFERS=20, set the buffer. If a cache driver is used, it can be appropriately reduced.
STACKS=9,256; Set a larger stack space.
Autoexec.bat preferably has:
C:\WIN\SMARTDRV.EXE; Set cache to speed up running speed.
If you want to use the mouse in WPS and SPT, there should be corresponding drivers.
Windows can provide simulated EMS memory. If there is no need, remove the EMM386 driver from config.sys.
3. Summary
The above focuses on introducing the technical details and precautions for loading WPS as a task into the Western Windows 3.1 environment, as well as the basic methods of providing Chinese character graphics and text data to Windows through WPS and SPT. Loading is relatively easy to operate, basically the same as the usual method of using Super-CCDOS, with strong adaptability, but loading requires multiple steps to complete. Users can flexibly choose according to their own situations.
These basic principles and methods are not only applicable to Windows 3.1 users, but also have reference value for Windows 3.0 users and other Chinese character systems.
Operating environment description: The used model is Super 386/40, 4MB RAM, VGA monitor, the operating system is MS-DOS 5.0, the Chinese character system is Super-CCDOS 5.2 supported by PUC-II type card, WPS 2.2, SPT 1.1, working in Windows 386 enhanced mode.
Finally, users of Founder-Super III and V type cards are reminded that because the EMS memory management of Super-CCDOS 6.0 (α, β) version conflicts with the Windows simulated EMS memory or MS-DOS 5.0's EMS386.EXE, the method introduced in this appendix cannot be adopted, otherwise the system will be locked!
(2) Using PC Tools 8.0 under Windows
A prominent performance of PC Tools 8.0 is the ability to operate most PC Tools utilities under Microsoft Windows 3.x. This section introduces the general process of running PC Tools under Windows.
PC Tools 8.0 contains two programs specially used for use under Microsoft Windows:
Central Point Scheduler and TSR Manager.
Since other PC Tools programs such as Anti-Virus, Desktop, Commute, etc. can be used under DOS, these programs can also be entered under Windows. This section will introduce how to use Windows as a working platform for PC Tools programs.
1. Starting Windows 3.x
After Windows starts, it can enter three modes: real mode, standard mode, and enhanced mode, which depends on the computer used and the version of Windows used.
1) Read mode (real mode). If the computer used is an Intel 8086 or 8088 chip, Windows will enter real mode, and Windows 3.1 cannot be run. Real mode can run all Windows programs written specifically for Windows 2.0 through Windows 3.0. In Windows 3.1, real mode is invalid. You can type win/r at the DOS prompt to force Windows 3.0 to start in real mode.
2) Standard mode. If the computer used uses an 80286 CPU, Windows automatically enters standard mode after starting. In standard mode, non-Windows applications can only run in full-screen mode. But you can switch among parallel applications. When switching to a non-Windows program, all other programs will be suspended. If the computer used is an Intel 80386 CPU, you can type win/s at the DOS prompt to force Windows to start in standard mode to obtain improved execution.
3) Enhanced mode (enhanced mode). A computer with an 80386 chip enters the default mode of Windows as enhanced mode. In enhanced mode, Windows can run Windows programs and non-Windows programs at the same time. Non-Windows programs, just like Windows programs, can run in windows of variable size, just like running in full-screen. The default setting of DOS-based PC Tools applications is to run in full-screen.
When you type the Windows startup command and press Enter, Windows displays its own mark and starts to load. If in the installation program of PC Tools, you choose to let Windows automatically load TSR Manager and Central Point.
2. Running PC Tools Programs under Windows
When installing PC Tools and its Windows applications, the installation program will automatically create a Windows program group named PC Tools. To run a PC Tools program in Windows, use the mouse to locate and double-click to select the portrait of PC Tools. Windows will open the PC Tools program group and display the portraits of the following programs:
DiskFix
PC Tools Desktop
Desktop Accessories
Directory Maintenance
CP Commute
Wipe
FileFix
System Information
PC Config
File Find
TSR Manager
PC FORMAT
View
Unformat
PC Secure
Scheduler
Central Point Anti-Virus
Windows displays the program name under each portrait. To start a program, you can use the mouse to locate and double-click to select the portrait of this program, or you can press the arrow keys to move the highlight to the name of the program you want to start, and then press the Enter key.
If the program is designed to run under Windows, such as Central Point Scheduler and TSR Manager programs, the program will open their movable windows.
In the default mode, when a PC Tools program is run in full-screen mode under Microsoft Windows, the mouse pointer on the screen is displayed as a square instead of an arrow. (Note: In a Windows window, the mouse pointer arrow will not be displayed in a PC Tools program, and what is seen is only the Windows pointer). To see the arrow-shaped pointer, edit the PIF file for each application and add the /BT parameter in the Options Parameters line of the PIF file.
If you plan to let Windows 3.1 display a PC Tools DOS program in a window, you can use the following methods:
1) Edit Windows PIF Editor, specify Windows for the Display Usage option for the PC Tools utility by modifying the PIF (Program Information File). This Display Usage option shows that the DISKFIX utility will execute in full-screen instead of in the defined window. Start this program from the PC Tools program group in Program Manager.
2) Display this program in full-screen, and then press ALT+Enter to switch to window mode.
The PIF file is stored in the WINDOWS directory, and each PC Tools program has its own PIF file name. Because Scheduler and TSR Manager are not DOS-based programs, there is no PIF file specifically established for their applications. Therefore, except for these two programs in the previous list, other programs such as DISK FIX have their own PIF files.
3. Using PC Tools Applications under Windows
The following introduces the special matters to be paid attention to when running PC Tools programs under Microsoft Windows. After opening an application from the PC Tools program group, the process of opening a certain program is always the same as starting this program without running Windows. But some programs (such as Compress) cannot be started with Microsoft Windows.
1) Commute When installing PC Tools Commute on a computer equipped with Windows 3.x, Install copies the mouse, keyboard, and display drivers COMMOU.DRV, COMMKBD.DRV, COMMDIS.DRV to the WINDOWS directory, and writes the new drivers to the appropriate lines in SYSTEM.INI. If Commute does not work properly, it may be necessary to make further adjustments for enhanced mode, memory manager, or Novell Network. Some of these adjustments are introduced below.
a. 386 Enhanced Mode (386 enhanced mode) In order for others to be able to use a computer connected to your computer through Commute. Run Windows in 386Enhanced mode (386 enhanced mode), copy the driver COMMVXD.386 from the \PCTOOLS\SYSTEM directory (or from the directory set when installing PC Tools) to the \WINDOWS\SYSTEM directory. Edit the SYS.INI file. Add a line of command in the 386Enh section: device=commvxd.386.
b. Memory Manager Program (memory manager program) If you encounter locking or system errors when running Windows remotely and there is a memory manager, you may need to remove part of the high-address memory when running Commute. Change the CONFIG.SYS file to remove the memory segment B000-BFFF.
c. Novell Network If problems occur when running Windows through Commute on a Novell Network, try to load Commute and stay in memory before starting Windows.
When the user is operating in a Windows phase, Windows TSR Manager must be loaded to answer incoming calls for Commute.
2) Compress Compress does not run under Windows.
3) Data Monitor The write protection (Write Protection), directory lock (Directory Lock), delete trace (Delete Tracker), and delete sentry (Delete Sentry) and other properties of Data Monitor are still valid when the user runs Microsoft Windows 3.x. However, the user must run TSR Manager so that Data Monitor can display a warning message when the user wants to delete or modify a file from a protected directory. If TSR Manager is not run, an alarm will be heard but no warning message will be seen.
Note: In the default mode, the PC Tools 8.0 installation program adds TSR Manager to the Windows setup file WIN.INI so that TSR Manager can automatically start every time a Windows task is started. TSR Manager can make Data Monitor and other PC Tools memory-resident programs display information in the Microsoft Windows environment when necessary.
If TSR Manager is executed, to enter a locked directory, Data Monitor will display a dialog box asking for a password. If TSR Manager is not executed, an alarm will be heard, no information will be seen, and a password cannot be entered, and the locked directory cannot be entered.
4) DiskFix DiskFix is a disk repair program. You can run DiskFix under Windows to analyze the status of a driver and generate a report about the driver. If you want to run DiskFix in Windows to repair a disk, DiskFix will display the message "This operation cannot be done while running Windows". To make modifications, you must first exit Windows.
5) PC-Cache PC-Cache is a disk buffer program of PC Tools, which can accelerate disk access by providing a memory buffer for the most frequently used disk data.
Another disk buffer program, SMARTDRV.SYS, is configured in the software of Windows 3.x. Do not use SMARTDRV.SYS and PC-Cache at the same time. Choose one of the two programs to execute. Run PC-Cache because it can automatically adjust the use of the user's computer memory for DOS programs and Windows 3.x programs.
If you plan to run Windows 3.x on your own computer, start PC-Cache with the /WIN parameter. When you start Windows, PC-Cache automatically compacts to provide more memory space for Windows. PC-Cache will also turn off the write delay feature. When exiting Windows, PC-Cache uses the buffer that returns to the original size and turns on the write delay feature.
Unless the /WIN parameter is used in the startup command, PC-Cache will not adjust its size when Windows is started, but will turn off write delay. After exiting Windows, re-open write delay by typing pc-cache/write:on.
If PC-Cache is configured to create a buffer larger than 300K in extended (LIM EMS) memory. When Windows is started, this buffer is automatically invalid.
After exiting Windows, type PC-Cache\on to restart PC-Cache.
6) PC Tools Desktop When running PC Desktop under Windows, it runs as an independent program, not as a TSR. The multitasking function of Windows enables the user to use this program as much as possible if it is resident in memory.
After starting the program in a window, press Ctrl+Esc to display the Windows TaskList, and select another program from this list. Windows will switch to the other program. You can also press Alt+Tab or Ctrl+Esc and select this program from the Task List. Because Desktop runs in Windows, Desktop cannot monitor the reading and sending schedules of any email. However, this task will be completed by Scheduler.
|

ko20010214
=================================
大功告成,打个Kiss!
ko20010214@MSN.com
神州优雅Q300C
Intel CeleronM 370处理器 | 256MbDDR内存
40G硬盘 | USB2.0 | IEEE 1394
13.3 ' WXGA 宽屏(16:10) | COMBO光驱
10/100M网卡 | 四合一读卡器
|
|
2003-1-4 00:00 |
|
|
ko20010214
版主
       
积分 7294
发帖 1628
注册 2002-10-16
状态 离线
|
『第 8 楼』:
windows3.1的快捷键
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
七、简化键表
本附录列出Microsoft Windows操作系统使用的简化组合键,用户若没有鼠标, 则可用这些键组合来运行Windows 3.1.菜单上的许多命令都有等价的组合键; 这些键显示在菜单项的旁边。
(一)通用Windows键
可使用以下键操作Windows.
1.系统键
下列键可用于窗口或全屏幕,但不能用于用户应用程序。
键 功 能
F1 若应用程序有 Help则启动之。
ATRL+ESC 切换到任务表
ALT+ESC 切换到下一应用程序,不管它是正在运行还是肖像。
ALT +TAB 切换到下一个应用程序,或按住ALT并重复按TAB切换到下一应用程序。欲返回原应用程序,可按住ALT和ESC
SHIFT+ALT+TAB 按住ALT+SHIFT并重复按TAB 切换到上一应用程序。 欲返回原应用程序,可按住ALT和ESC。
PRINT SCREEN 拷贝屏幕映像到剪接板(对非Windows应用程序权适用于文本方式)。
ALT+PRINT SCREEN 拷贝活动窗口映像到剪接板。
ALT,SPACEBAR 打开应用程序窗口的控制菜单。
ALT,_ 打开文本窗口的控制菜单。
ALT+SPACEBAR 打开在窗口中运行的非Windows应用程序窗口的控制菜单。
ALT+F4 退出应用程序或关闭窗口。
CTRL+F4 关闭活动分组窗口或文档窗口。
ALT+ENTER 在窗口和全屏幕间切换非Windows应用程序。
→↑↓← 从控制菜单上选择Move后移动窗口。或从控制菜单上选择Size 后改变窗口的大小。
2.菜单键
使用下列键选择菜单和命令。
键 功 能
ALT或F10 选择或取消菜单条上第一个菜单。
字符键 选择其下划线字符与之匹配的菜单或命令。
←→ 在菜单间移动。
↑↓ 在命令间移动
ENTER 选择菜单或命令
ESC 取消菜单或命令,或关闭打开的菜单。
3.对话框键
使用下列键处理对话框。
键 功 能
TAB 在选项间移动(左到右或上到下)
SHIFT+TAB 在选项间逆向移动
ALT+字符键 移到其下划线字符与之匹配的选项或分组
键头键 在一组选项中移动选择光标或在列表框或文本框中移动光标
HOME 移到列表框或文本框中的第一个字符或第一项
END 移到列表框或文本框中的最后一个字符或最后一项
PgUp,PgDn 卷滚屏幕或列表
ALT+↓ 打开列表
SPACEBAR 选择某项或取消表中的选择
CTRL+/ 选择表中所有项
CTRL+\ 取消除当前项外的所有项
SHIFT+键头键 扩展或取消文本框中的字符选择
SHIFT+HOME 扩展或取消选择到文本框的第一个字符
SHIFT+END 扩展或取消选择到文本框的最后一个字符
ENTER 执行命令后选取表中的被选项,再执行命令
ESC或ALT+F4 关闭对话框,不执行命令
4.光标移动键
使用下列键移动光标或插入点。
键 功 能
↑ 上一行
↓ 下一行
← 左边字符
→ 右边字符
CTRL+→ 左边单词
CTRL+← 右边单词
HOME 行首
END 行末
PgUp 屏幕头
PgDn 屏幕尾
CTRL+HOME 文件头
CTRL+END 文件末
5.编辑键
使用下列键编辑对话框或窗口中的正文。
键 功 能
BACKSPACE 删除插入点左边的字符或删除所选正文
DEL 删除插入点右边的字符或删除所选正文
CTRL+INS或CTRL+C 拷贝所选正文到剪接板
SHIFT+DEL或CTRL+X 删除所选正文且将其放到剪接板
SHIFT+INS或CTRL+V 从剪接板粘接正文到活动窗口
CTRL+Z或ALT+BACKSPACE 取消上次操作
6.文本选择键
下列键可用于 Windows应用程序,但并非所有键均可正常工作。下列选择均开始于插入点。如果文本已被选择,则取消此选择。
键 功 能
SHIFT+LEFT or RIGHT ARROW 每按一次选择左或右一个单词
ARROW 在分组窗口或肖像间移动
SHIFT+UP or DOWN ARROW 正文上一行或下一行
UP 所有正文,屏幕上翻一屏
SHIFT+PAGE DOWN 所有正文,屏幕下翻一屏
SHIFT+HOME 到行首
SHIFT+END 到行尾
CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW 前一单词
CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW 后一单词
CTRL+SHIFT+HOME 到文档头
CTRL+SHIFT+END 到文档尾
(二)程序管理器
下列键用于程序管理器。
键 功 能
An ARROW KEY 在分组窗口项间移动
CTRL+F6 or CTRL+TAB 在分组窗口及肖像间移动
ENTER 启动选择的应用程序
SHIFT+F4 并列安排打开的分组窗口
SHIFT+F5 重叠安排打开的分组窗口
CTRL+F4 关闭活动的分组窗口
ALT+F4 退出Windows
(三)文件管理器
下列键用于文件管理器。
1.目录树键
下列键用于目录树。
键 功 能
TAB orF6 在目录树,内容表和驱动器肖像间移动
LEFT ARROW or BACKSPACE 选择当前子目录上的目录
RIGHT ARROW 选择列在当前目录下的第一个子目录
ENTER 显示或隐藏子目录
SHIFT+ENTER 打开一窗口显示所选目录的内容
UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW 选择列在当前目录上或下的目录
CTRL+UP ARROW 选择同一级的前一目录
CTRL+DOWN ARROW 选择同一级的后一目录
PAGE UP 选择当前目录前一屏的目录
PAGE DOWN 选择当前目录后一屏的目录
HOME or\ 选择根目录
END 选择表中的最后一个目录
A charecter key 选择其名称与此字符匹配的目录
2.文件和目录
在目录树,内容表和驱动器肖像间移动。
键 功 能
TAB or F6 在目录树,内容表和驱动器肖像间移动
PAGE UP 选择前一屏的文件或目录
PAGE DOWN 选择后一屏的文件或目录
HOME 选择表中第一个文件或目录
END 选择表中的最后一个文件或目录
A casctoch 选择与指定字符匹配的下一文件或目录
SHIFT+An arrow key 选择或取消多项选择
CTRL+/ 选择表中所有项
CTRL+\ 取消表中除第一项外的所有项
SHIFT+F8 选择非连续项或取消选择
An arrow key 移动光标或卷滚到窗口中的其它项
SPACEBAR 打开目录或启动应用程序
SHIFT+ENTER 打开新窗口显示所选目录的内容
3.驱动器肖像
使用下列处理驱动器肖像。
键 功 能
TAB or F6 在目录树,内容表和驱动器肖像间移动
CTRL+ a drive letter 换到与指定字符匹配的驱动器
LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW 在驱动器肖像间移动
SPACEBAR 更换目录
ENTER 打开新的目录窗口
(四)日历键
在日历中使用下列键。
1.日志键
在日志中使用下列键。
键 功 能
UP ARROW 到前一时间
DOWN ARROW OR ENTER 到后一时间
PAGE UP 到前一屏
PAGE DOWN 到后一屏
CTRL+HOME 到开始时间
CTRL+END 到开始时间后的入口12处
TAB 在约会区与其它区间切换
SHIFT+DEL 删除并将选择放到剪接板
CTRL+INS 拷贝并将选择放到剪接板
SHIFT+INS 粘接剪接板内容
CTRL+PAGE UP 到前一天
CTRL+PAGE DOWN 到后一天
2.月志键
在月志中使用下列键。
键 功 能
UP ARROW 到前一周
DOWN ARROW 到后一周
PAGE UP 到上月
PAGE DOWN 到下月
TAB 切换键
ENTER 更换到Day View
(五)卡片文件
使用以下键处理卡片文件。
键 功 能
PAGE DOWN 卷滚到前一卡片(对Card)
移到前一索引页(对List)
PAGE UP 卷滚到后一卡片(对Card)
移到后一索引页(对List)
CTRL+HOME 使第一个卡片可见
CTRL+END 使最后一个卡片可见
SHIFT+CTRL+a character key 其索引行的首字符与之匹配的第一个卡片
DOWN ARROW 向前卷滚一卡片
UP ARROW 向后卷滚一卡片
(六)剪接板
使用下列键处理剪接板。
键 功 能
DEL 清除剪接板
SHIFT+DEL 在文档中删除选择并将其放到剪接板
CTRL+INS 在文档中拷贝选择并将其放到剪接板
SHIFT+INS 粘接剪接板内容到文档
PRINT SCREEN 将屏幕拷贝到剪接板
ALT+PRINT SCREEN 将活动窗口拷贝到剪接板
(七)控制板
在Windows控制板中使用下列键。
键 功 能
An ARROW key 在控制板窗口肖像间移动,或在Color对话框中,在Basic Colors 和
Custom Color调色板间切换
SPACEBAR 在Color对话框中,在Basic Colors和Custom Colors调色板中选择颜色
RIGHT or LEFT ARROW 在Desktop,Mouse和Keyboard对话框中移动卷滚框
TAB 在Ports对话框中选择端口或在MIDI Setup, Key Map, Path 对话框中选择端
口
(八)求助键
使用下列键求助。键 功 能
F1 显示求助内容,如果Help窗口已打开,按F1时可显示How To Use Help,在某些应
用程序中(如程序管理器或文件管理器),按F1可显示所选命令、对话框选项,系统命令
的Help索引。
SHIFT+F1 增加问号到指针处。仅在某些应用程序中可使用此功能。
在Help窗口中可使用以下命令。
键 功 能
TAB 在索引间顺时针移动
SHIFT+TAB 在索引间逆时针移动
CTRL+TAB 选择所有项或取消所有项
CTRL+INS 拷贝当前Help索引到剪接板或拷贝一部分到剪接板
SHIFT+INS 粘接剪接板内容
ALT+F4 推出Help
(九)Media Player键
在Windows Media Player中使用下列键。
键 功 能
TAB 在按钮间移动(从左到右)
SHIFT+TAB 在按钮间移动(从右到左)
SPACEBAR 选择一按钮
LEFT ARROW 选中卷滚条时向后移位置
RIGHT ARROW 选中卷滚条时向前移位置
PAGE UP 选中卷滚条时快速向后移位置
PAGE DOWN 选中卷滚条时快速向前移位置
HOME 选中卷滚条时移位置到开头
END 选中卷滚条时移位置到结尾
(十)Objcct Packager键
在Windows Objcct Packager中使用下列键。
键 功 能
TAB 在Content和Appearance窗口间移动选择光标
(十一)Paintbrush键
在Windows Paintbrush中使用下列键。
1.鼠标等价键
没有鼠标时可使用下列键。
键 功 能
INS 定位选择左鼠标按钮
DEL 定位选择右鼠标按钮
F9+INS 按两下左鼠标按钮
F9+DEL 按两下右鼠标按钮
INS+an arrow key 拖动鼠标
2.Undo键
使用下列键取消上次操作。
键 功 能
BACKSPACE 取消自选择上一工具后的部分或全部操作。按BACKSPACE,再将鼠标沿部分绘图区拖动 。
TRL+Z 取消自选择上一工具后的全部操作
3.移动键
使用下列键沿绘图区移动。
键 功 能
TAB 逆时针,沿Toolbox,Linesize,Palette和绘图区
SHIFT+TAB 顺时针,沿Toolbox,Linesize,Palette和绘图区
SHIFT+HOME 到绘图区左边
SHIFT +END 到绘图区右边
PAGE UP 上一屏
PAGE DOWN 下一屏
HOME 到绘图区顶
END 到绘图区底
SHIFT+LEFT ARROW 左移一格
SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW 右移一格
SHIFT+UP ARROW 上移一格
SHIFT+DOWN ARROW 下移一格
SHIFT+PAGE UP 左移一屏
SHIFT+PAGE DOWN 右移一屏
(十二)PIF编辑器键
在Windows PIF编辑器中使用下列键。
键 功 能
TAB 在选项间移动
SHIFT+TAB 在选项间逆时针移动
ALT+a letter key 在下划线字母与之匹配的选项及组间移动
an arrow key 在组内选项间移动
SPACEBAR 选择或清除检测框
(十三)Sound Rccorder键
在Windows Sound Rccord中使用下列键。
键 功 能
TAB 在选项间移动(从左到右) SHIFT+TAB 在选项间移动(从右到左)
SPACEBAR 选中选项
LEFT ARROW OR RIGHT ARROW 选择卷滚条时前后移动
PAGE UP 选择卷滚条时后移一秒
PAGE DOWN 选择卷滚条时前移一秒
HOME 选择卷滚条移到开头
END 选择卷滚条移到未尾
(十四)Write键
在Windows Write中使用以下键,组合键中的“5”代表小键盘上的5。参见本附录前面的“通用Windows键”中的“光标移动键”和“文本选择键”。
1.移动键
键 功 能
5+RIGHT ARROW 移到下一句
5+LEFT ARROW 移到上一句
5+DOWN ARROW 移到下一段
5+UP ARROW 移到上一段
5+PAGE DOWN 移到下一段,根据分页符
5+PAGE UP 移到上一段,根据分页符
2.编辑键
使用下列键编辑文本。
键 功 能
CTRL+ENTER 插入分页符
SHIFT+DEL 删除并将某选择置于剪接板
CTRL+INS 拷贝并将某选择置于剪接板
SHIFT+INS 粘接剪接板内容到文档
CTRL+Z OR ALT+BACKSPACE 取消上次操作
DOWN ARROW 当光标在图象左上角时选择之
An arrow key 移动Size Picture光标;从Edit菜单上选择了Move Picture 命令后
移动一图象
CTRL+SHIFT+ 插入连字符
ALT+F6 在文档及Find,Replace间切换; 在Header或Footer 窗口与Page Header与Page Footer间切换。
### 7. Simplified Key Tables
This appendix lists the simplified key combinations used in the Microsoft Windows operating system. If you don't have a mouse, you can use these key combinations to run Windows 3.1. Many commands on the menu have equivalent key combinations; these keys are shown next to the menu items.
#### (1) General Windows Keys
You can use the following keys to operate Windows.
##### 1. System Keys
The following keys can be used for windows or full screen, but not for user applications.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| F1 | If the application has Help, start it. |
| ATRL+ESC | Switch to the task list |
| ALT+ESC | Switch to the next application, regardless of whether it is running or in portrait mode. |
| ALT + TAB | Switch to the next application, or hold ALT and repeatedly press TAB to switch to the next application. To return to the original application, hold ALT and ESC. |
| SHIFT+ALT+TAB | Hold ALT+SHIFT and repeatedly press TAB to switch to the previous application. To return to the original application, hold ALT and ESC. |
| PRINT SCREEN | Copy the screen image to the clipboard (only applicable to text mode for non-Windows applications). |
| ALT+PRINT SCREEN | Copy the active window image to the clipboard. |
| ALT,SPACEBAR | Open the control menu of the application window. |
| ALT,_ | Open the control menu of the text window. |
| ALT+SPACEBAR | Open the control menu of the non-Windows application window running in the window. |
| ALT+F4 | Exit the application or close the window. |
| CTRL+F4 | Close the active group window or document window. |
| ALT+ENTER | Switch between window and full screen for non-Windows applications. |
| →↑↓← | After selecting Move from the control menu, move the window. Or after selecting Size from the control menu, change the size of the window. |
##### 2. Menu Keys
Use the following keys to select menus and commands.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| ALT or F10 | Select or cancel the first menu on the menu bar. |
| Character key | Select the menu or command whose underscored character matches it. |
| ←→ | Move between menus. |
| ↑↓ | Move between commands. |
| ENTER | Select the menu or command. |
| ESC | Cancel the menu or command, or close the open menu. |
##### 3. Dialog Box Keys
Use the following keys to handle dialog boxes.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB | Move between options (left to right or top to bottom) |
| SHIFT+TAB | Move backwards between options |
| ALT+character key | Move to the option or group whose underscored character matches it. |
| Arrow keys | Move the selection cursor in a group of options or move the cursor in a list box or text box |
| HOME | Move to the first character or first item in the list box or text box |
| END | Move to the last character or last item in the list box or text box |
| PgUp,PgDn | Scroll the screen or list |
| ALT+↓ | Open the list |
| SPACEBAR | Select an item or cancel the selection in the list |
| CTRL+/ | Select all items in the list |
| CTRL+\ | Deselect all items except the current item |
| SHIFT+arrow key | Expand or cancel the character selection in the text box |
| SHIFT+HOME | Expand or cancel the selection to the first character in the text box |
| SHIFT+END | Expand or cancel the selection to the last character in the text box |
| ENTER | After executing the command, select the selected item in the list, and then execute the command |
| ESC or ALT+F4 | Close the dialog box without executing the command |
##### 4. Cursor Movement Keys
Use the following keys to move the cursor or insertion point.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| ↑ | Previous line |
| ↓ | Next line |
| ← | Previous character |
| → | Next character |
| CTRL+→ | Previous word |
| CTRL+← | Next word |
| HOME | Start of line |
| END | End of line |
| PgUp | Top of screen |
| PgDn | Bottom of screen |
| CTRL+HOME | Start of file |
| CTRL+END | End of file |
##### 5. Editing Keys
Use the following keys to edit the text in the dialog box or window.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| BACKSPACE | Delete the character to the left of the insertion point or delete the selected text |
| DEL | Delete the character to the right of the insertion point or delete the selected text |
| CTRL+INS or CTRL+C| Copy the selected text to the clipboard |
| SHIFT+DEL or CTRL+X| Delete the selected text and put it on the clipboard |
| SHIFT+INS or CTRL+V| Paste the text from the clipboard to the active window |
| CTRL+Z or ALT+BACKSPACE| Undo the last operation |
##### 6. Text Selection Keys
The following keys can be used in Windows applications, but not all keys work properly. All selections start from the insertion point. If the text has been selected, cancel this selection.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| SHIFT+LEFT or RIGHT ARROW| Select one word to the left or right each time |
| ARROW | Move between group windows or portraits |
| SHIFT+UP or DOWN ARROW| Previous line or next line of text |
| UP | All text, scroll up one screen |
| SHIFT+PAGE DOWN | All text, scroll down one screen |
| SHIFT+HOME | To the start of the line |
| SHIFT+END | To the end of the line |
| CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW| Previous word |
| CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW| Next word |
| CTRL+SHIFT+HOME | To the start of the document |
| CTRL+SHIFT+END | To the end of the document |
#### (2) Program Manager
The following keys are used for the program manager.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| An ARROW KEY | Move between group window items |
| CTRL+F6 or CTRL+TAB| Move between group windows and portraits |
| ENTER | Start the selected application |
| SHIFT+F4 | Tile the open group windows |
| SHIFT+F5 | Cascade the open group windows |
| CTRL+F4 | Close the active group window |
| ALT+F4 | Exit Windows |
#### (3) File Manager
The following keys are used for the file manager.
##### 1. Directory Tree Keys
The following keys are used for the directory tree.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB or F6 | Move between the directory tree, content table, and drive portrait |
| LEFT ARROW or BACKSPACE| Select the directory on the current subdirectory |
| RIGHT ARROW | Select the first subdirectory listed under the current directory |
| ENTER | Show or hide subdirectories |
| SHIFT+ENTER | Open a window to display the contents of the selected directory |
| UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW| Select the directory listed above or below the current directory |
| CTRL+UP ARROW | Select the previous directory at the same level |
| CTRL+DOWN ARROW | Select the next directory at the same level |
| PAGE UP | Select the directory on the previous screen of the current directory |
| PAGE DOWN | Select the directory on the next screen of the current directory |
| HOME or\ | Select the root directory |
| END | Select the last directory in the list |
| A character key | Select the directory whose name matches this character |
##### 2. Files and Directories
Move between the directory tree, content table, and drive portrait.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB or F6 | Move between the directory tree, content table, and drive portrait |
| PAGE UP | Select the file or directory on the previous screen |
| PAGE DOWN | Select the file or directory on the next screen |
| HOME | Select the first file or directory in the list |
| END | Select the last file or directory in the list |
| A casctoch | Select the next file or directory matching the specified character |
| SHIFT+An arrow key| Select or cancel multiple selections |
| CTRL+/ | Select all items in the list |
| CTRL+\ | Deselect all items except the first item in the list |
| SHIFT+F8 | Select non-contiguous items or cancel the selection |
| An arrow key | Move the cursor or scroll to other items in the window |
| SPACEBAR | Open the directory or start the application |
| SHIFT+ENTER | Open a new window to display the contents of the selected directory |
##### 3. Drive Portrait
Use the following to handle the drive portrait.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB or F6 | Move between the directory tree, content table, and drive portrait |
| CTRL+ a drive letter| Switch to the drive matching the specified character |
| LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW| Move between drive portraits |
| SPACEBAR | Change the directory |
| ENTER | Open a new directory window |
#### (4) Calendar Keys
Use the following keys in the calendar.
##### 1. Log Keys
Use the following keys in the log.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| UP ARROW | To the previous time |
| DOWN ARROW OR ENTER| To the next time |
| PAGE UP | To the previous screen |
| PAGE DOWN | To the next screen |
| CTRL+HOME | To the start time |
| CTRL+END | To entry 12 after the start time |
| TAB | Switch between the appointment area and other areas |
| SHIFT+DEL | Delete and put the selection on the clipboard |
| CTRL+INS | Copy and put the selection on the clipboard |
| SHIFT+INS | Paste the clipboard content |
| CTRL+PAGE UP | To the previous day |
| CTRL+PAGE DOWN | To the next day |
##### 2. Monthly Log Keys
Use the following keys in the monthly log.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| UP ARROW | To the previous week |
| DOWN ARROW | To the next week |
| PAGE UP | To the previous month |
| PAGE DOWN | To the next month |
| TAB | Switch key |
| ENTER | Switch to Day View |
#### (5) Card File
Use the following keys to handle the card file.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| PAGE DOWN | Scroll to the previous card (for Card) or move to the previous index page (for List) |
| PAGE UP | Scroll to the next card (for Card) or move to the next index page (for List) |
| CTRL+HOME | Make the first card visible |
| CTRL+END | Make the last card visible |
| SHIFT+CTRL+a character key| The first card whose first character of the index line matches it |
| DOWN ARROW | Scroll forward one card |
| UP ARROW | Scroll backward one card |
#### (6) Clipboard
Use the following keys to handle the clipboard.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| DEL | Clear the clipboard |
| SHIFT+DEL | Delete the selection in the document and put it on the clipboard |
| CTRL+INS | Copy the selection in the document and put it on the clipboard |
| SHIFT+INS | Paste the clipboard content to the document |
| PRINT SCREEN | Copy the screen to the clipboard |
| ALT+PRINT SCREEN | Copy the active window to the clipboard |
#### (7) Control Panel
Use the following keys in the Windows control panel.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| An ARROW key | Move between the portrait in the control panel window, or in the Color dialog box, switch between the Basic Colors and Custom Color palette |
| SPACEBAR | In the Color dialog box, select the color in the Basic Colors and Custom Colors palette |
| RIGHT or LEFT ARROW| Move the scroll box in the Desktop, Mouse and Keyboard dialog boxes |
| TAB | Select the port in the Ports dialog box or select the port in the MIDI Setup, Key Map, Path dialog boxes |
#### (8) Help Keys
Use the following keys for help.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| F1 | Display the help content. If the Help window is already open, pressing F1 will display How To Use Help. In some applications (such as the program manager or file manager), pressing F1 will display the Help index of the selected command, dialog box option, or system command. |
| SHIFT+F1 | Add a question mark to the pointer. This function is only available in some applications. |
In the Help window, you can use the following commands.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB | Move clockwise between indices |
| SHIFT+TAB | Move counterclockwise between indices |
| CTRL+TAB | Select all items or cancel all items |
| CTRL+INS | Copy the current Help index to the clipboard or copy a part to the clipboard |
| SHIFT+INS | Paste the clipboard content |
| ALT+F4 | Exit Help |
#### (9) Media Player Keys
Use the following keys in Windows Media Player.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB | Move between buttons (left to right) |
| SHIFT+TAB | Move between buttons (right to left) |
| SPACEBAR | Select a button |
| LEFT ARROW | When the scroll bar is selected, move backward |
| RIGHT ARROW | When the scroll bar is selected, move forward |
| PAGE UP | When the scroll bar is selected, move backward quickly |
| PAGE DOWN | When the scroll bar is selected, move forward quickly |
| HOME | When the scroll bar is selected, move to the beginning |
| END | When the scroll bar is selected, move to the end |
#### (10) Object Packager Keys
Use the following keys in Windows Object Packager.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB | Move the selection cursor between the Content and Appearance windows |
#### (11) Paintbrush Keys
Use the following keys in Windows Paintbrush.
##### 1. Mouse Equivalent Keys
Use the following keys when there is no mouse.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| INS | Position to select the left mouse button |
| DEL | Position to select the right mouse button |
| F9+INS | Double-click the left mouse button |
| F9+DEL | Double-click the right mouse button |
| INS+an arrow key | Drag the mouse |
##### 2. Undo Keys
Use the following keys to undo the last operation.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| BACKSPACE | Cancel part or all of the operations since the last tool was selected. Press BACKSPACE, then drag the mouse along the partial drawing area. |
| TRL+Z | Cancel all operations since the last tool was selected |
##### 3. Movement Keys
Use the following keys to move along the drawing area.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB | Counterclockwise, along the Toolbox, Linesize, Palette, and drawing area |
| SHIFT+TAB | Clockwise, along the Toolbox, Linesize, Palette, and drawing area |
| SHIFT+HOME | To the left of the drawing area |
| SHIFT +END | To the right of the drawing area |
| PAGE UP | Previous screen |
| PAGE DOWN | Next screen |
| HOME | To the top of the drawing area |
| END | To the bottom of the drawing area |
| SHIFT+LEFT ARROW | Move left one grid |
| SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW | Move right one grid |
| SHIFT+UP ARROW | Move up one grid |
| SHIFT+DOWN ARROW | Move down one grid |
| SHIFT+PAGE UP | Move left one screen |
| SHIFT+PAGE DOWN | Move right one screen |
#### (12) PIF Editor Keys
Use the following keys in the Windows PIF editor.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB | Move between options |
| SHIFT+TAB | Move counterclockwise between options |
| ALT+a letter key | Move between options and groups whose underscored letters match it |
| an arrow key | Move between options in the group |
| SPACEBAR | Select or clear the check box |
#### (13) Sound Recorder Keys
Use the following keys in Windows Sound Recorder.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAB | Move between options (left to right) |
| SHIFT+TAB | Move between options (right to left) |
| SPACEBAR | Select the option |
| LEFT ARROW OR RIGHT ARROW| Move forward and backward when the scroll bar is selected |
| PAGE UP | Move back one second when the scroll bar is selected |
| PAGE DOWN | Move forward one second when the scroll bar is selected |
| HOME | Move to the beginning when the scroll bar is selected |
| END | Move to the end when the scroll bar is selected |
#### (14) Write Keys
Use the following keys in Windows Write. The "5" in the key combination represents 5 on the numeric keypad. Refer to the "Cursor Movement Keys" and "Text Selection Keys" in the "General Windows Keys" earlier in this appendix.
##### 1. Movement Keys
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| 5+RIGHT ARROW | Move to the next sentence |
| 5+LEFT ARROW | Move to the previous sentence |
| 5+DOWN ARROW | Move to the next paragraph |
| 5+UP ARROW | Move to the previous paragraph |
| 5+PAGE DOWN | Move to the next paragraph according to the page break |
| 5+PAGE UP | Move to the previous paragraph according to the page break |
##### 2. Editing Keys
Use the following keys to edit the text.
| Key | Function |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| CTRL+ENTER | Insert a page break |
| SHIFT+DEL | Delete and put a selection on the clipboard |
| CTRL+INS | Copy and put a selection on the clipboard |
| SHIFT+INS | Paste the clipboard content to the document |
| CTRL+Z OR ALT+BACKSPACE| Undo the last operation |
| DOWN ARROW | When the cursor is at the top left corner of the image, select it |
| An arrow key | Move the Size Picture cursor; after selecting the Move Picture command from the Edit menu, move an image |
| CTRL+SHIFT+ | Insert a hyphen |
| ALT+F6 | Switch between the document and Find, Replace; switch between the Header or Footer window and Page Header and Page Footer |
|

ko20010214
=================================
大功告成,打个Kiss!
ko20010214@MSN.com
神州优雅Q300C
Intel CeleronM 370处理器 | 256MbDDR内存
40G硬盘 | USB2.0 | IEEE 1394
13.3 ' WXGA 宽屏(16:10) | COMBO光驱
10/100M网卡 | 四合一读卡器
|
|
2003-1-4 00:00 |
|
|