看到楼主帖子,和各位回帖,我有点想法想谈谈,凑凑热闹吧。
不管何种劳动,作用大小,只要做了事,都应得到尊重,刘少奇对时传祥说“你掏粪的我做国家主席的都是一样做事”。
大家不应该学习吗?
DOS888没有尊重别人的劳动,而且贬低甚至近于诋毁,这已经不是技术上的问题了。这也应该是引起公愤不满的主因吧。
资源非常有限,论坛网站是有投入的。每个人应该珍惜。如果过分情绪化对研讨问题无益的言辞浪费了资源,DOS888可能要负主要责任吧?但如果论坛需要这种情绪上的冲突以提升访问率,又是另一回事了。不过tdj 的还击倒有点文学意味,另当别论了。
下面聊聊正事儿吧
楼主说,你要是真正高手就该去研发中国的OS,提出搞自己的OS,这本来是好事,我想也是全中国人的梦。不过,在此,我们先不谈它能否实现,我想说的是,我们能不能用自己的主观标准去衡量别人的辛勤劳动? 每个人也有不同的方式和追求,这个论坛提供给大家一个对话学习的平台,还有与之配套的新DOS时代更提供大量系统的学习文章和免费的软件工具下载,解决了很多问题,我在此学到了很多。
至于开发中国人的OS,我想,一定有人在琢磨, 至少心中藏着这个梦。但地冻三尺非一日之寒,雄韬大略的刘邦当初明知赴鸿门宴是悬崖走钢丝,为什么还要拿自己的头颅开玩笑? 因为他明白他是鸡蛋人家是巨石!刚出生的雄鹰能跟母鸡争食吗?
WINDOWS开始不也是寄身于昔日DOS之篱下,委屈地充当主人的一个接口,听任使唤,后来才媳妇熬成婆的?
DOS还有没有用?前途怎样?
我觉得如果从狭义的,虚拟的和广义的三方面来理解,可能就会有意外收获。
一, 狭义DOS
我所说的狭义的DOS 当然就是指DOS操作系统本身,现在已经在主体上淘汰了,但由于技术上(内核)的原因,WINDOWS仍然摆脱不了它,比如,WINDOWS 崩溃时,进不了系统了,只好求助于老祖宗DOS,尽管微软经常夸口“新一代的WINDOWS XP 将极少出现进不去系统的问题”,并取消了2000的ERD(紧急修复磁盘emergency repair disk)和安装时的修复系统文件的功能,也取消了修复注册表的功能,在98的DOS下,可用SCANREG /RESTORE 来修复注册表,但即使在XP的故障恢复台也没有什么命令来恢复注册表。微软自认为在系统中有了备份,当系统有变而危难时提取备份来恢复,但还是经常出故障,进不去系统。虽然2000 XP 还有个数字签名验证工具(SIGVERIF,signature verification),用来验证系统文件是否合法,还保留了98的系统文件检查器(SFC,system file checker),用来从安装光盘中恢复系统文件。但有一次在系统正常时运行它时,却突然蓝屏警告“发生硬件错误”,必须冷启动才能恢复!还有一次,我跟他开了个玩笑:在他眼睛中放一粒小沙子,试试他能否睁开眼?
是这样的:
我把windows\system32\config\sam改成2sam
结果说是安全帐户管理器失灵,进不去。系统不是有“合法的”SAM的备份吗?为什么不提取恢复?我大失所望,原来XP风一吹就倒!
在2000 XP 中仍配备制作MSDOS启动盘(实际是WINME启动盘,在格式化软盘时),WINDOWS XP 2000 的文件格式仍保留FAT,当进不了系统时,可用DOS启动盘进入访问,解决系统严重问题。这时的一两个简单的DOS命令就能使XP起死回生!
现在还有大量DOS游戏和软件仍在流行,一方面是惯性,我相信还有其他原因,使他们仍然在某些人群和场合继续流行下去,直到永远。。,那就是经典DOS游戏的特有魅力和风格:占用资源极少,一般十几KB,几十KB,对系统配置要求极低,普及性很强,生存力较强,吃的是草,挤出的是奶。淳朴,含蓄,静谧,构思精巧,短小而内涵丰富,有一种象征意味,在点阵简单图形轮廓中留给人想象空间。
如果说WINDOWS高清晰度大型动作游戏象夜总会一大群乱哄哄的全裸舞娘,那经典DOS游戏就象偶尔邂逅的一位浴后披着薄纱的含羞少女。
正如只要有中国人存在的一天,那些
************** 日 月
************** 天涯 海角
************** 人之初 性本善
************** 窈窕淑女 君子好逑
************** 欲穷千里目 更上一层楼
************** 人有悲欢离合 月有阴晴圆缺
************** 落霞与孤骛齐飞 秋水共长天一色
等等。。就会永远陶醉流传下去。在这一点上,我倒发现了一个看似风马牛不相及的相似点:在DOS这个西方科技的产物和东方中国人的审美情趣之间有没有一种冥冥中的巧合?
二, 虚拟DOS
为了跟DOS兼容微软开发了虚拟平台(DOS VM),它可以直接运行很多DOS游戏和软件,为了尽量解决一些不兼容问题,WINDOWS 2000 XP 仍保留了两个原DOS配置文件(config.sys autoexec.bat,但把sys bat 改成nt,放在windows\system32下)以进一步跟DOS 兼容,用户在运行DOS软件前要设置一下,这方面可看 美国人编的《XP 完全手册》,设置完后运行游戏跟在DOS几乎一样。有些软件可直接点击即可运行,有些要在命令提示符中运行(2000 XP 的提示符也有两种:较新版本的CMD.EXE 可兼容某些旧版的COMMAND.COM(好象还是此名))在虚拟DOS还可运行在WINDOWS不能运行的脚本
三,广义DOS
我个人觉得DOS(包括UNIX,LINUX等系列)的灵魂是命令(命令行接口cli ,command line interface;相对于图形用户界面gui.graghic user interface),命令就是语言和符号,在这方面可以说,DOS是符号的象征。WINDOWS 和DOS 的争夺应该不是他们本身的争夺而是GUI 和TLI的争夺,本质上是“图形和符号(当然包括语言)的争夺”,从这个意义上说,这种争夺仍然在“WINDOWS内部”继续,永不消失。因为如果不这样理解的话,我们就有这样的疑问:“象regedt32 msconfig gpedit.msc mmc wmic 等等这些命令符号是DOS 还是WINDOWS?” 其实在人类有史以来一直都在继续这样的比拼争夺,语言原来是图画、接绳、完全象形文,最后演变成抽象符号语言。但人类就不需要图形了吗? 很显然,图形和符号是兄弟俩儿,就象宙斯和波塞冬分别掌管着天空和海洋那样掌管着人类的两种需要。
所以我个人以为,这场符号图形大战,在广义上看,并不是你死我亡,互相取代,而是各得其所,各扬所长,这正是人类的智慧的结果。
符号的威力凝聚在脚本,WINDOWS程序员和高级用户需要脚本来实现意愿。WINDOWS 的脚本宿主WSH(WINDOWS SCRIPT HOST)有两种方式:Wscript.exe Cscript.exe(可能是),都在SYSTEM32目录,有些脚本不能在WINDOWS下运行,只能在CSCRIPT.EXE开启的DOS窗口运行.在这种意义上说,WINDOWS就是DOS,他们没什么两样。或者说,DOS融合进了WINDOWS,血融于水。或者,宙斯盾似的坚固无比的合金炼成了。或者,是一种基因重组。不光在本地机,在网络远程中,要有效作业,图形们就脆弱了,符号们展翅高飞了。
XP最新控制全局的命令
尽管现在是图形用户界面GUI(Graphic User Interface)的天下,但更便利快截深入底层地管理系统,解决疑难,还得靠抽象而强大的命令.
众所周知,具有顽强生命力的真正多任务多用户的规模局域管理性主流操作系统UNIX就是用命令筑就的长城!
XP加强了DOS5.0-6.22等老命令!
XP非但没抛弃DOS命令,而且加强了.比如, APPEND, EDLIN (这些要在兼容旧版的命令行中使用,在运行中键入COMMAND,不是CMD,CMD是新版.),EXPAND, MOVE, REPLACE, TREE, XCOPY等,这些可在新版命令行中用,有些增加了开关. 还有,FOR 命令 增加了很多强大开关,
FOR /F /R /L 大家可比较一下,定有收获.
为了瘫痪时修复系统,2000 XP 增加了恢复控制台RECOVERY CONSOLE 实际上相当于模拟DOS平台,内设有主要原DOS命令,还新增了一些力挽狂澜的救命稻草,比如,FIXMBR,FIXBOOT, DISKPART(管理分区),MAP(查看磁盘)等.
更另人难以置信的是,在GATE先生拼命赶走DOS内核倡导GUI(WIN95 WIN98 ME NT 2000 XP 2003)的同时,在当下的2000 XP 2003中 只要你在运行或命令行中键入WMIC,就出现WMIC:ROOT\CLI>_,键入/?.会出现操控系统全局的命令!黑压压一片.
可见,由于独特内核的功用,命令永远不会消亡!系统在,命令在. 随着互联网的发展这一点会更突出!
附上全局命令:
Microsoft Windows XP
(C) 版权所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>wmic
wmic:root\cli>
有效的全局开关有:
/NAMESPACE 别名使用的名称空间路径。
/ROLE 包含此别名定义的角色路径。
/NODE 别名使用的服务器。
/IMPLEVEL 客户模拟级别。
/AUTHLEVEL 客户身份验证级别。
/LOCALE 客户应用的语言识别符。
/PRIVILEGES 启用或禁用所有特权。
/TRACE 将调试信息输出到 stderr。
/RECORD 将所有输入命令和输出写入日志。
/INTERACTIVE 设置或重设交互模式。
/FAILFAST 设置或重置 FailFast 模式。
/USER 会话期间使用的用户。
/PASSWORD 用于会话登录的密码。
/OUTPUT 为输出重新定向指定模式。
/APPEND 为输出重新定向指定模式。
/AGGREGATE 设置或重置集合模式。
/? 用法信息。
有关具体全局开关的信息,请输入: switch-name /?
当前角色有下列别名。:
ALIAS - 访问本地机器上的别名
BASEBOARD - 基板 (也叫母板或系统板) 管理。
BIOS - 基本输入/输出服务 (BIOS) 管理。
BOOTCONFIG - 启动配置管理。
CDROM - CD-ROM 管理。
COMPUTERSYSTEM - 计算机系统管理。
CPU - CPU 管理。
CSPRODUCT - SMBIOS 的计算机系统产品信息。
DATAFILE - DataFile 管理。
DCOMAPP - DCOM 程序管理。
DESKTOP - 用户桌面管理。
DESKTOPMONITOR - 监视器管理。
DEVICEMEMORYADDRESS - 设备内存地址管理。
DISKDRIVE - 物理磁盘驱动器管理。
DISKQUOTA - NTFS 卷磁盘空间使用情况。
DMACHANNEL - 直接内存访问(DMA)频道管理。
ENVIRONMENT - 系统环境设置管理。
FSDIR - 文件目录系统项目管理。
GROUP - 组帐户管理。
IDECONTROLLER - IDE 控制器管理。
IRQ - 间隔请求线 (IRQ) 管理。
JOB - 提供对使用计划服务安排的工作的访问。
LOADORDER - 定义执行依存的系统服务管理。
LOGICALDISK - 本地储存设备管理。
LOGON - 登录会话。
MEMCACHE - 缓存内存管理。
MEMLOGICAL - 系统内存管理 (配置布局和内存可用性)。
MEMPHYSICAL - 计算机系统物理内存管理。
NETCLIENT - 网络客户端管理。
NETLOGIN - (某一用户的)网络登录信息管理。
NETPROTOCOL - 协议 (和其网络特点) 管理。
NETUSE - 活动网络连接管理。
NIC - 网络界面控制器 (NIC) 管理。
NICCONFIG - 网络适配器管理。
NTDOMAIN - NT 域管理。
NTEVENT - NT 事件日志的项目
NTEVENTLOG - NT 时间日志文件管理。
ONBOARDDEVICE - 母板(系统板)内置普通设适配器设备的管理。
OS - 已安装的操作系统管理。
PAGEFILE - 虚拟内存文件对调管理。
PAGEFILESET - 页面文件设置管理。
PARTITION - 物理磁盘分区区域的管理。
PORT - I/O 端口管理。
PORTCONNECTOR - 物理连接端口管理。
PRINTER - 打印机设备管理。
PRINTERCONFIG - 打印机设备配置管理。
PRINTJOB - 打印工作管理。
PROCESS - 进程管理。
PRODUCT - 安装包任务管理。
QFE - 快速故障排除。
QUOTASETTING - 设置卷的磁盘配额信息。
RECOVEROS - 当操作系统失败时,将从内存收集的信息。
REGISTRY - 计算机系统注册表管理。
SCSICONTROLLER - SCSI 控制器管理。
SERVER - 服务器信息管理。
SERVICE - 服务程序管理。
SHARE - 共享资源管理。
SOFTWAREELEMENT - 安装在系统上的软件产品元素的管理。
SOFTWAREFEATURE - SoftwareElement 的软件产品组件的管理。
SOUNDDEV - 声音设备管理。
STARTUP - 用户登录到计算机系统时自动运行命令的管理。
SYSACCOUNT - 系统帐户管理。
SYSDRIVER - 基本服务的系统驱动程序管理。
SYSTEMENCLOSURE - 物理系统封闭管理。
SYSTEMSLOT - 包括端口、插口、附件和主要连接点的物理连接点管理。
TAPEDRIVE - 磁带驱动器管理。
TEMPERATURE - 温度感应器的数据管理 (电子温度表)。
TIMEZONE - 时间区域数据管理。
UPS - 不可中断的电源供应 (UPS) 管理。
USERACCOUNT - 用户帐户管理。
VOLTAGE - 电压感应器 (电子电量计) 数据管理。
VOLUMEQUOTASETTING - 将某一磁盘卷与磁盘配额设置关联。
WMISET - WMI 服务操作参数管理。
有关具体别名的信息,请输入: alias /?
CLASS - 按 ESC 键回到完整的 WMI 架构。
PATH - 按 ESC 键回到完整的 WMI 对象路径。
CONTEXT - 显示所有全局开关的状态。
QUIT/EXIT - 退出此程序。
有关 CLASS/PATH/CONTEXT 更多的信息,输入: (CLASS | PATH | CONTEXT) /?
还望方家们在这方面进一步修正补充,共同提高吧!
After seeing the LZ's post and everyone's replies, I have some thoughts to share and just join in the fun.
No matter what kind of labor it is, no matter how big or small the role, as long as one has done something, they should be respected. Liu Shaoqi said to Shi Chuanxiang, "You who clean toilets and I who am the president of the country are all doing things in the same way." Shouldn't everyone learn from this?
DOS888 did not respect others' labor, and even belittled or nearly slandered it. This is no longer a technical issue. This should also be the main reason for the public anger and dissatisfaction.
Resources are very limited, and forum websites have investments. Everyone should cherish them. If overly emotional and unhelpful remarks about discussing issues waste resources, DOS888 may be mainly responsible? But if the forum needs such emotional conflicts to increase the visit rate, that's another matter. However, tdj's "knockdown" still has a bit of literary flavor, which is another story.
Let's talk about the serious matter below.
The LZ said that if you are really an expert, you should develop China's OS, and proposing to make our own OS is originally a good thing, and I think it is also the dream of all Chinese people. However, here, I don't want to talk about whether it can be realized first. What I want to say is, can we use our own subjective standards to measure others' hard work? Everyone also has different ways and pursuits. This forum provides a platform for everyone to communicate and learn. Moreover, the new DOS era also provides a large number of systematic learning articles and free software tool downloads, which have solved many problems. I have learned a lot here.
As for developing an OS for Chinese people, I think someone must be thinking about it, at least hiding this dream in their heart. But Rome wasn't built in a day. Why did the brilliant Liu Bang, who knew that going to the Hongmen Banquet was like walking a tightrope, still risk his head? Because he understood that he was an egg and others were a boulder! Can a newly born eagle compete with a hen for food?
Wasn't Windows also once attached to the fence of the former DOS, humbly acting as an interface for the master and being at the master's beck and call, and then later became the daughter-in-law who finally got her due?
Is DOS still useful? What is its future?
I think if it is understood from the three aspects of narrow sense, virtual sense, and broad sense, there may be unexpected gains.
1. Narrow-sense DOS
Of course, the narrow-sense DOS I mentioned refers to the DOS operating system itself. It has been mainly eliminated now, but due to technical (kernel) reasons, Windows still can't get rid of it. For example, when Windows crashes and can't enter the system, it has to turn to the old ancestor DOS. Although Microsoft often boasts that "the new generation of Windows XP will rarely have problems with not being able to enter the system", and has canceled the ERD (Emergency Repair Disk) of 2000 and the function of repairing system files during installation, and also canceled the function of repairing the registry. In the DOS of 98, you can use SCANREG /RESTORE to repair the registry, but even in the fault recovery console of XP, there are no commands to restore the registry. Microsoft thinks there is a backup in the system, and when the system changes and is in danger, it extracts the backup to restore, but it still often has failures and can't enter the system. Although 2000 XP also has a digital signature verification tool (SIGVERIF, signature verification) to verify whether system files are legal, and still retains the system file checker (SFC, system file checker) of 98 to restore system files from the installation CD. But once I ran it when the system was normal, it suddenly had a blue screen warning "a hardware error occurred" and had to be cold-booted to recover! Another time, I played a joke on it: put a small sand in its eye and see if it can open its eye?
This is how it is:
I changed windows\system32\config\sam to 2sam
Then it said the security account manager failed and couldn't enter. Doesn't the system have a "legal" backup of SAM? Why doesn't it extract and restore? I was very disappointed. It turned out that XP was as fragile as a house of cards!
In 2000 XP, it still equips with making an MSDOS boot disk (actually a WINME boot disk, when formatting a floppy disk). The file format of Windows XP 2000 still retains FAT. When you can't enter the system, you can use a DOS boot disk to enter and access to solve serious system problems. At this time, one or two simple DOS commands can bring XP back to life!
There are still a large number of DOS games and software that are still popular. On the one hand, it is inertia. I believe there are other reasons that make them continue to be popular among some people and in certain occasions forever. That is the unique charm and style of classic DOS games: they occupy extremely few resources, generally a few tens of KB, have extremely low requirements for system configuration, are very popular, and have strong survivability. They eat grass and give out milk. Simple, implicit, quiet, exquisitely conceived, short but rich in connotation, with a symbolic meaning, leaving room for imagination in the simple dot matrix graphic outlines.
If Windows high-definition large-action games are like a group of noisy naked dancers in a nightclub, then classic DOS games are like a shy girl who accidentally meets and is wearing a thin veil after bathing.
Just as as long as there are Chinese people, those
************** Sun and Moon
************** Horizon and Cape
************** The beginning of man, nature is good
************** A graceful lady, a gentleman's good catch
************** To see further than ever, climb a bit higher
************** People have joys and sorrows, the moon has wax and wane
************** The setting sun flies with the lone wild duck, the autumn water merges with the long sky
and so on. will always be intoxicating and passed down. In this regard, I have actually discovered a seemingly irrelevant similarity: Is there a mysterious coincidence between this Western technological product of DOS and the aesthetic taste of the Eastern Chinese people?
2. Virtual DOS
In order to be compatible with DOS, Microsoft developed a virtual platform (DOS VM). It can directly run many DOS games and software. In order to try to solve some incompatibility problems, Windows 2000 XP still retains two original DOS configuration files (config.sys autoexec.bat, but change sys bat to nt and put them in windows\system32). Users need to set it up before running DOS software. You can refer to the "XP Complete Manual" compiled by Americans. After setting it up, running games is almost the same as in DOS. Some software can be run directly by clicking, and some need to be run in the command prompt (2000 XP's prompt also has two types: the newer version of CMD.EXE can be compatible with some older versions of COMMAND.COM (still seems to be this name)). In the virtual DOS, scripts that can't be run in Windows can also be run.
3. Broad-sense DOS
Personally, I think the soul of DOS (including UNIX, LINUX, etc.) is commands (command line interface CLI, command line interface; compared to graphic user interface GUI, graphic user interface). Commands are languages and symbols. In this regard, it can be said that DOS is a symbol. The competition between Windows and DOS should not be the competition between themselves but the competition between GUI and TLI. Essentially, it is the competition between "graphics and symbols (of course including languages)". From this sense, this competition still continues "inside Windows" and will never disappear. Because if we don't understand it this way, we will have such a question: "Are commands like regedt32 msconfig gpedit.msc mmc wmic and so on DOS or Windows?" In fact, since the beginning of human history, such a competition has been continuing. Language originally was pictures, knotted ropes, completely pictographic characters, and finally evolved into abstract symbolic language. But does human beings not need graphics? Obviously, graphics and symbols are brothers, just like Zeus and Poseidon respectively controlling the sky and the sea, they control the two needs of human beings.
So personally, I think that in a broad sense, this battle between symbols and graphics is not about one killing the other and replacing each other, but about each getting their proper place and each showing their strengths. This is exactly the result of human wisdom.
The power of symbols is concentrated in scripts. Windows programmers and advanced users need scripts to realize their intentions. The Windows script host WSH (WINDOWS SCRIPT HOST) has two ways: Wscript.exe Cscript.exe (probably). They are all in the SYSTEM32 directory. Some scripts can't be run in Windows and can only be run in the DOS window opened by CSCRIPT.EXE. In this sense, Windows is DOS, and they are no different. Or, DOS has merged into Windows, and blood has merged with water. Or, a shield-like indestructible alloy has been forged. Or, it is a genetic recombination. Not only on the local machine, but also in network remote operations, when effective work is needed, graphics are fragile and symbols soar.
Latest commands to control the whole situation in XP
Although now it is the world of graphic user interface GUI (Graphic User Interface), to manage the system more conveniently, quickly, and deeply into the bottom layer, and to solve difficulties, one still has to rely on abstract and powerful commands.
As we all know, the truly multi-tasking and multi-user large-scale local area management mainstream operating system UNIX with tenacious vitality is built with commands!
XP has strengthened old commands such as DOS5.0-6.22!
XP has not only not abandoned DOS commands but also strengthened them. For example, APPEND, EDLIN (these need to be used in the compatible old version command line, type COMMAND in the run, not CMD, CMD is the new version.), EXPAND, MOVE, REPLACE, TREE, XCOPY, etc. These can be used in the new version command line, and some have added switches. Also, the FOR command has added many powerful switches.
FOR /F /R /L can be compared, and there must be gains.
In order to repair the system when it is paralyzed, 2000 XP has added the recovery console RECOVERY CONSOLE, which is actually equivalent to simulating the DOS platform. It has the main original DOS commands built-in, and some newly added life-saving straws, such as FIXMBR, FIXBOOT, DISKPART (manage partitions), MAP (view disks), etc.
What is even more incredible is that while Mr. GATE was desperately driving away the DOS kernel and advocating GUI (WIN95 WIN98 ME NT 2000 XP 2003), in the current 2000 XP 2003, as long as you type WMIC in the run or command line, the WMIC:ROOT\CLI>_ will appear, and typing /? will show commands to control the whole system! There are masses of them.
It can be seen that due to the function of the unique kernel, commands will never die! As long as the system is there, the commands are there. With the development of the Internet, this point will be more prominent!
Attach the global commands:
Microsoft Windows XP
(C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>wmic
wmic:root\cli>
The effective global switches are:
/NAMESPACE The namespace path used by the alias.
/ROLE The role path containing this alias definition.
/NODE The server used by the alias.
/IMPLEVEL The client impersonation level.
/AUTHLEVEL The client authentication level.
/LOCALE The language identifier applied by the client.
/PRIVILEGES Enable or disable all privileges.
/TRACE Output debug information to stderr.
/RECORD Write all input commands and output to a log.
/INTERACTIVE Set or reset the interactive mode.
/FAILFAST Set or reset the FailFast mode.
/USER The user used during the session.
/PASSWORD The password used for session login.
/OUTPUT Specify the mode for output redirection.
/APPEND Specify the mode for output redirection.
/AGGREGATE Set or reset the aggregation mode.
/? Usage information.
For information about specific global switches, enter: switch-name /?
The current role has the following aliases.:
ALIAS - Access aliases on the local machine
BASEBOARD - Management of the baseboard (also called the motherboard or system board).
BIOS - Management of the basic input/output service (BIOS).
BOOTCONFIG - Management of the boot configuration.
CDROM - Management of CD-ROM.
COMPUTERSYSTEM - Management of the computer system.
CPU - Management of the CPU.
CSPRODUCT - Computer system product information of SMBIOS.
DATAFILE - Management of DataFile.
DCOMAPP - Management of DCOM programs.
DESKTOP - Management of the user desktop.
DESKTOPMONITOR - Management of the monitor.
DEVICEMEMORYADDRESS - Management of device memory addresses.
DISKDRIVE - Management of physical disk drives.
DISKQUOTA - NTFS volume disk space usage.
DMACHANNEL - Management of direct memory access (DMA) channels.
ENVIRONMENT - Management of system environment settings.
FSDIR - Management of file directory system items.
GROUP - Management of group accounts.
IDECONTROLLER - Management of IDE controllers.
IRQ - Management of interrupt request lines (IRQ).
JOB - Provides access to jobs scheduled using the scheduling service.
LOADORDER - Management of defining system services that execute dependently.
LOGICALDISK - Management of local storage devices.
LOGON - Login sessions.
MEMCACHE - Management of cache memory.
MEMLOGICAL - Management of system memory (configuration layout and memory availability).
MEMPHYSICAL - Management of physical memory of the computer system.
NETCLIENT - Management of network clients.
NETLOGIN - Management of network login information (of a certain user).
NETPROTOCOL - Management of protocols (and their network characteristics).
NETUSE - Management of active network connections.
NIC - Management of network interface controllers (NIC).
NICCONFIG - Management of network adapters.
NTDOMAIN - Management of NT domains.
NTEVENT - Items of the NT event log
NTEVENTLOG - Management of NT time log files.
ONBOARDDEVICE - Management of common adapter devices built-in on the motherboard (system board).
OS - Management of the installed operating system.
PAGEFILE - Management of virtual memory file swapping.
PAGEFILESET - Management of page file settings.
PARTITION - Management of physical disk partition areas.
PORT - Management of I/O ports.
PORTCONNECTOR - Management of physical connection ports.
PRINTER - Management of printer devices.
PRINTERCONFIG - Management of printer device configurations.
PRINTJOB - Management of print jobs.
PROCESS - Management of processes.
PRODUCT - Management of installation package tasks.
QFE - Quick troubleshooting.
QUOTASETTING - Setting disk quota information for a volume.
RECOVEROS - When the operating system fails, the information collected from memory.
REGISTRY - Management of the computer system registry.
SCSICONTROLLER - Management of SCSI controllers.
SERVER - Management of server information.
SERVICE - Management of service programs.
SHARE - Management of shared resources.
SOFTWAREELEMENT - Management of software product elements installed on the system.
SOFTWAREFEATURE - Management of software product components of SoftwareElement.
SOUNDDEV - Management of sound devices.
STARTUP - Management of commands that automatically run when a user logs in to the computer system.
SYSACCOUNT - Management of system accounts.
SYSDRIVER - Management of system drivers for basic services.
SYSTEMENCLOSURE - Management of physical system enclosures.
SYSTEMSLOT - Management of physical connection points including ports, sockets, accessories, and main connection points.
TAPEDRIVE - Management of tape drives.
TEMPERATURE - Management of data from temperature sensors (electronic thermometers).
TIMEZONE - Management of time zone data.
UPS - Management of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
USERACCOUNT - Management of user accounts.
VOLTAGE - Management of data from voltage sensors (electronic ammeters).
VOLUMEQUOTASETTING - Associating a certain disk volume with disk quota settings.
WMISET - Management of WMI service operation parameters.
For information about specific aliases, enter: alias /?
CLASS - Press the ESC key to return to the complete WMI architecture.
PATH - Press the ESC key to return to the complete WMI object path.
CONTEXT - Display the status of all global switches.
QUIT/EXIT - Exit this program.
For more information about CLASS/PATH/CONTEXT, enter: (CLASS | PATH | CONTEXT) /?
I also hope that the experts will further correct and supplement in this regard to improve together!