China DOS Union

What generation do the PCs we use now belong to? It seems they still use the x86 architecture, right? So which 86 is it? Is it a 32-bit or 64-bit system? I'm all confused. Could the experts explain it a bit?

The eighth-generation desktop PC processor will trigger a new round of fierce battles among chip giants
Excerpted from: Sina Technology Software & Hardware
Just one week after Intel launched the so-called fastest processor in the industry, the 3.0 6 GHz Pentium 4 with Hyper-Threading technology, on November 20 AMD announced at the Comdex computer show the brand name of its own eighth-generation desktop processor — AMD Athlon 64. This will be the industry's first 64-bit x86 processor for desktop and notebook computers. It is reported that this eighth-generation desktop chip, formerly codenamed "Clawhammer," will be released together with AMD's much-anticipated server chip "SledgeHammer" in March or April next year. At that time, AMD and Intel will break out into an all-out war in the chip field.

Then let me put it simply (taking INTEL as an example):
In 1971, the world's first microprocessor, the 4044, was born.
In 1978, the i8086 and i8087 (math coprocessor) appeared. They used mutually compatible instruction sets, so people called them the X86 instruction set, and later microprocessors were also called X86.
In 1979, the 8088 appeared. It was the first CPU successfully used in personal computers, with a 16-bit internal data bus and an 8-bit external data bus.
The 8086 had both internal and external data buses at 16 bits.
In 1982, the 80286 (abbreviated 286), 16-bit, with a 24-bit address bus.
In 1985, the 80386 (abbreviated 386), 32-bit, could use 32-bit operating systems such as WINDOWS.
In 1989, the 80486 (abbreviated 486), 32-bit.
In 1993, the 80586 (abbreviated 586), which INTEL officially renamed Pentium, 32-bit.
In 1996, the Pentium Pro, 32-bit. At the end of the year Pentium MMX was released, 32-bit. They both belong to the 686 architecture.
In 1997, Pentium II, 32-bit. It also belongs to the 686 architecture.
Celeron is the low-cost version of PentiumII.
In 1998, PentiumIII, 32-bit, 786 architecture. The corresponding low-end product was CeleronII.
In 2000, PentiumIV, 32-bit. Several versions also appeared according to its bus frequency. The corresponding low-end products were CeleronIII and CeleronIV.

In addition, the so-called eighth generation means the 886 architecture.

Is there any algorithm or formula that can convert CPUs like AMD's Athlon XP 2100+, Athlon XP 2000, etc. into Intel CPUs of equivalent performance? I'm really not used to AMD's kind of labeling. It seems you can't tell the performance or frequency from the model number.

Athlon XP 2100+ (actual frequency is 1.73G) is equivalent to a P4 2.1G, and 2000+ is equivalent to a P4 2G, but its actual frequency is 1.67G. Generally, the model parameters of other companies' products use Intel as a reference, so customers can understand their performance. What I concluded is that every 2/3G increase in AMD CPU clock frequency is equivalent to every 1G increase for INTEL. That is, AMD=（INTEL-1G）*2/3+1G. For example:
（2.1-1)*2/3+1=1.733G；
（2.0-1)*2/3+1=1.667G。

Impressive, you even discovered a pattern like that. Then which CPU do you think has the best cost-performance ratio? I want to build a machine, around 4500 yuan, mainly for speed and gaming. Recommend a hardware setup for me.

No matter how much AMD boasts, to be fair, INTEL CPUs still have better performance. If you want a somewhat higher-end setup, you can go with a Pentium 4 2.1G or 2.2G. But the price is relatively high, about 1000 yuan or so. In terms of cost-performance ratio, the current mainstream setup is the Celeron 4 1.7G, which is not bad. A Shuangmin Epox motherboard is pretty good. Hyundai memory is okay too (DDR256M), cheap and without any real problems. Xiaoyingba graphics cards are the best (a TNT32M is also quite good for gaming; if you have higher requirements, you can go with GEFORCE). IBM or Maxtor hard drives have better quality (40G or 60G). For monitors, Samsung is good, and the domestic AOC is also pretty good (17" flat CRT). The best case is Aigo, though it's relatively expensive. Altogether, this can be done for 4000 yuan.

Correction: P3 and P4 are actually both 686 architecture, with no essential difference from P2!
This is just a trick INTEL is playing
AMD Athlon 64 can really count as a 786 processor
The reason is very simple!
Ever since the pentium Pro
the basic architecture has hardly changed at all!