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Basics
A computer is organically composed of CPU, memory, motherboard, and other components. The motherboard is an organic carrier of the bus, interface cards, CPU, memory, and various components. The CPU transmits information (in binary form) to and from the interface cards of external components through the bus. The access and control of the interface cards by the CPU indirectly controls the corresponding components. The binary sequences mapped by all external components and memory constitute the memory space---logical memory. Different computer systems have different allocation situations of the memory address space. The lower end is RAM, the middle section is the video memory address space, and the upper end is various ROM address spaces.
Instructions and data are conceptual in application. In memory or on disk, there is no difference between instructions and data; they are all binary information, only interpreted differently in different contexts.
The memory is divided into several memory cells. 8 binary bits (bit) form 1 memory cell (byte). The memory numbers all memory cells sequentially starting from 0.
The wires connecting the CPU and other chips are generally called buses (external). According to the different information transmitted, buses are divided into address buses, control buses, and data buses. Among them, only the data bus transmits information bidirectionally.
Address bus: A CPU with N address buses can address 2^N memory cells. Its address bus width is N.
Control bus: A CPU with N control buses means that the CPU provides 2^N kinds of controls for external components.
Data bus: A CPU with N data buses transmits N binary bits of information at a time. For example, the data bus width of the 8086 CPU is 16, and it can transmit 16 binary bits = 2B at a time.
8 bit = 1 B
2^10 B = 1 KB
2^20 B = 1 MB
2^30 B = 1 GB
2^40 B = 1 TB
CPU Working Principle (8086)
The CPU is composed of components such as an arithmetic unit (information processing), a controller (controlling the work of various components), and registers (storage), connected by internal buses for information (binary form) communication.
Different CPUs have different numbers of registers. The 8086 CPU has 14 registers: AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, SP, BP, IP, CS, SS, DS, ES, PSW. The address bus width is 20 (1M addressing capability), and the data bus width is 16 (16-bit word length).
AX, BX, CX, and DX are used to store general data and are called general-purpose registers.
[ Last edited by plp626 on 2008-5-15 at 08:35 AM ]
Basics
A computer is organically composed of CPU, memory, motherboard, and other components. The motherboard is an organic carrier of the bus, interface cards, CPU, memory, and various components. The CPU transmits information (in binary form) to and from the interface cards of external components through the bus. The access and control of the interface cards by the CPU indirectly controls the corresponding components. The binary sequences mapped by all external components and memory constitute the memory space---logical memory. Different computer systems have different allocation situations of the memory address space. The lower end is RAM, the middle section is the video memory address space, and the upper end is various ROM address spaces.
Instructions and data are conceptual in application. In memory or on disk, there is no difference between instructions and data; they are all binary information, only interpreted differently in different contexts.
The memory is divided into several memory cells. 8 binary bits (bit) form 1 memory cell (byte). The memory numbers all memory cells sequentially starting from 0.
The wires connecting the CPU and other chips are generally called buses (external). According to the different information transmitted, buses are divided into address buses, control buses, and data buses. Among them, only the data bus transmits information bidirectionally.
Address bus: A CPU with N address buses can address 2^N memory cells. Its address bus width is N.
Control bus: A CPU with N control buses means that the CPU provides 2^N kinds of controls for external components.
Data bus: A CPU with N data buses transmits N binary bits of information at a time. For example, the data bus width of the 8086 CPU is 16, and it can transmit 16 binary bits = 2B at a time.
8 bit = 1 B
2^10 B = 1 KB
2^20 B = 1 MB
2^30 B = 1 GB
2^40 B = 1 TB
CPU Working Principle (8086)
The CPU is composed of components such as an arithmetic unit (information processing), a controller (controlling the work of various components), and registers (storage), connected by internal buses for information (binary form) communication.
Different CPUs have different numbers of registers. The 8086 CPU has 14 registers: AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, SP, BP, IP, CS, SS, DS, ES, PSW. The address bus width is 20 (1M addressing capability), and the data bus width is 16 (16-bit word length).
AX, BX, CX, and DX are used to store general data and are called general-purpose registers.
[ Last edited by plp626 on 2008-5-15 at 08:35 AM ]