Found a GHOST usage help (Chinese). The content to be used is all inside~:)
Another:
Your:
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"Backup: ghost.exe -clone,mode=pdump,src=1:1,dst=1:4\bak.gho -z3 -auto -fro -sure -fx"
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The syntax is:
This is the core parameter to realize Ghost unattended backup/restore. The usage syntax is:
-clone,MODE=(operation),SRC=(source),DST=(destination),[SZE(size),SZE(size)...]
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Look here: "DST=(destination)"
The description is marked: Destination means the target location, and the value can be taken as: drive number, starting from 1;
Or it is a file name, and the absolute path needs to be written; "
＝＝ But, where do you want to back up the GHO target file in your command string (you didn't write the absolute path)
Absolute path: (drive letter, path, file name), your dst= is both the drive number and the file name added, this GHOST can't recognize it, it's still dst=F:\BAK.GHO
Other, see the following description comparison~:)
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Detailed Explanation of Ghost
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I. Partition Backup
Using Ghost for system backup, there are two methods: the entire hard disk (Disk) and the partition hard disk (Partition). Click the Local (Local) item in the menu, and there are 3 sub-items in the menu popped up on the right. Among them, Disk means backing up the entire hard disk (that is, cloning), Partition means backing up a single partition of the hard disk, and Check means checking the hard disk or the backed-up file to see if backup or restore failure may be caused by partition, hard disk damage, etc. Partition backup is used as personal users to save system data, especially has practical value when restoring and copying the system partition.
Select the menu Local→Partition→To Image, pop up the hard disk selection window, and start the partition backup operation. Click the white hard disk information bar in this window, select the hard disk, enter the window, and select the partition to be operated (if there is no mouse, you can operate with the keyboard: TAB key for switching, Enter key for confirmation, arrow keys for selection). In the popped-up window, select the directory path for storing the backup and enter the backup file name. Note that the name of the backup file has a GHO suffix. Next, the program will ask whether to compress the backup data and give 3 choices: No means no compression, Fast means small compression ratio and relatively fast backup execution speed, High means high compression ratio but relatively slow backup execution speed. Finally, select the Yes button to start the backup of the partition hard disk. The backup speed of Ghost is quite fast, and it can be completed without waiting for a long time. The backed-up file is stored in the set directory with the GHO suffix.
II. Hard Disk Cloning and Backup
The cloning of the hard disk is the backup and restoration of the entire hard disk. Select the menu Local→Disk→To Disk, in the popped-up window, select the source hard disk (the first hard disk), and then select the target hard disk (the second hard disk) to be copied. Note that you can set the size of each partition of the target hard disk. Ghost can automatically partition and format the target hard disk according to the set partition value. Select Yes to start execution.
Ghost can copy the target hard disk to be almost exactly the same as the source hard disk, and realize partition, formatting, copying system and files in one step. Just note that the target hard disk cannot be too small, and it must be able to hold the data content of the source hard disk.
Ghost also provides a hard disk backup function, that is, backing up the data of the entire hard disk into a file and saving it on the hard disk (menu Local→Disk→To Image), and then it can be restored to other hard disks or the source hard disk at any time, which is convenient for installing multiple systems. The usage method is similar to partition backup.
III. Backup Restoration
If the partition data backed up in the hard disk is damaged, and it cannot be repaired by general data repair methods, and the system is damaged and cannot be started, the backed-up data can be used for complete restoration without reinstalling the program or system. Of course, the backup can also be restored to another hard disk.
To restore the backed-up partition, select the menu Local→Partition→From Image in the interface, select the backed-up file to be restored in the popped-up window, then select the hard disk and partition to be restored, and click the Yes button.
IV. LAN Operation
LPT transmits the backup file through the parallel port. There are two options below: slave and master, which are used to connect the host and the client respectively. The Network Basic Input/Output System NetBios is similar to LPT, and there are also two options, slave and master, which have the same function as LPT.
First, make the partition to be ghosted into a *.gho file as usual, and then install Symantec Ghost Enterprise Edition on a win98, and restart.
1. First, make a ghost boot disk with network card driver. Start > Programs > Symantec Ghost > Ghost Boot Wizard－>Network Boot Disk If your network card is in the list, just select it to generate a boot disk with PC-DOS. (But the floppy disk generated by version 6.5 often has problems and cannot start successfully) If your network card is not in the list, you need to establish a dedicated Packet Driver. ADD->Packet Driver (the network card driver has it) Go down step by step according to the prompt, fill in the IP of the workstation (ghost must have the tcp/ip protocol). Finally, a floppy disk is generated, but this floppy disk still cannot be used. You need to modify the autoexec.bat file and add a hexadecimal address after net xxxx.dos, such as 0X75, etc. For multiple computers, just modify the ip in the wattcp.cfg file:
IP = 192.168.100.44
NETMASK = 255.255.255.0
GATEWAY = 192.168.100.1
2. Run the multicast server on the server side to get the screen. First give the server a Session Name (alias) such as: bb, then select the image file which is your gho file. Then －>Dump From Client->rtitions->More Options-> Enter 50 in the client of auto start (if you want to copy 50 units at the same time)->accept client is completed. When the number of your workstations reaches 50, the server will automatically transmit the *.gho file.
3. Detailed description:
At present, quite a number of electronic classrooms have adopted workstations without floppy drives and CD-ROM drives. When the software system of the hard disk has problems without floppy drives and CD-ROM drives, can network hard disk cloning be realized? The function of booting from the network provided by the PXE (Preboot Execution Environment, which is an extended network protocol based on Internet protocols such as TCP/IP, DHCP, TFTP, etc.) technology gives us a solution. Next, we will explain how to use Ghost 7.0 to realize PXE-based network hard disk cloning.
Brief description of the network hard disk cloning process
The network hard disk cloning process is: on the workstation with a floppy drive, use a boot disk to boot the machine, connect to the server, and use Ghost multicast service (Multicast Server) to clone the hard disk or partition image to the workstation, thus realizing network hard disk cloning without disassembling the machine, safely and quickly.
Realize PXE network boot mode
For workstations without floppy drives and CD-ROM drives, to realize the PXE network boot mode, three steps need to be completed:
1. PXE boot setting of the workstation
PXE network boot generally requires adding a PXE boot chip (PXE Boot ROM) on the network card; for some models of network cards, PXE boot code (Boot Code) can also be written into the Flash ROM of the motherboard; and some brand machines (such as Tsinghua Tongfang commercial machines) with integrated network cards on the motherboard can directly support PXE boot.
For network cards with the commonly used RTL8139 chip, the PXE boot setting method is: when the machine starts, press Shift+F10 according to the screen prompt, select PXE in the boot type, and turn on the network boot option.
2. Make PXE boot file
To make the PXE boot file, it is recommended to use 3Com's DABS (Dynamic Access Boot Services). DABS provides powerful PXE boot service and management functions. However, the downloadable one on the Internet is a 30-day trial version. Therefore, we only use its boot image file making function, and the DHCP server of Windows 2000 Server provides PXE boot service.
DABS can be installed on any machine running Windows. After installation, run 3Com Boot Image Editor to appear the main interface. Select "Create a TCP/IP or PXE image file (Create a TCP/IP or PXE image file)", and a dialog window appears. Name the image file to be established, for example: pxeghost.img, and use other default options. Put the network boot disk that has been tested normally into the floppy drive, select [OK], and create the PXE boot image Pxeghost.img file.
In the main menu of 3Com Boot Image Editor, select "Create a PXE menu boot file (Creat a PXE menu boot file)", in the appeared window, select [Add (Add)], add the just created boot image file Pxeghost.img, and in the "Options (Options)" tab, you can set the menu title and waiting time.
Select [Save (Save)], name the saved PXE menu boot file as Pxemenu.pxe.
3. Server PXE boot service setting
The DHCP service of Windows 2000 Server supports two boot protocols: DHCP and BOOTP. We can set the following three options: DHCP only, BOOTP only, both. If there are other DHCP servers in our LAN to provide dynamic IP address allocation, then select "BOOTP only" here; if this server needs to provide dynamic IP address allocation, then select "both".
Next, set the boot file name. Configure option "067: Boot file name" in the scope options of the DHCP server, and the string value is the PXE menu boot file name Pxemenu.pxe we created. Note: The file name does not contain the path.
The DHCP server only notifies the BOOTP client of the boot file name. By what way does the client download the boot file? The answer is that TFTP service is needed. 3Com's DABS contains a TFTP service component. Of course, a free TFTP server software can also be downloaded for long-term use.
In the TFTP server settings, specify a service directory. Put the made PXE boot files Pxeghost.img and Pxemenu.pxe into the TFTP service directory. Set the TFTP server to run automatically.
Use Ghost multicast to clone the hard disk
Now run the Ghost multicast server, the task name is Restore. After setting, press the [Accept Clients (Accept Clients)] button. Start the floppy drive-free workstation that needs to accept hard disk cloning. If the above steps are operated correctly, PXE boot should be able to be realized and join the task of multicast cloning. After all target workstations are connected to this task, press the [Send (Send)] button to start the cloning task.
V. Parameter Setting
Parameters can be set in Options. The following is a simple introduction:
1．image write buffering: When creating a backup file, turn on write buffering;
2．sure: After selecting this item, there will be no final confirmation inquiry anymore (it is not recommended to select this item);
3．no int 13: After selecting this item, interrupt 13 is not supported (it is not selected by default);
4．reboot: After the operation on the hard disk or partition is completed, automatically restart the computer;
5．spanning: Back up the file through multiple volume architectures (when selecting this item, write buffering is turned off);
6．autoname: Automatically name the spanning file;
7．allow 64k fat clusters: Allow using 64K FAT clusters (only supported in Windows NT);
8．ignore CRC errors: Ignore CRC errors;
9．override size limit: If there is a mismatch in partition size, it can be ignored and executed;
10．image read buffering: Turn on the read cache when generating the backup file (this item is selected by default).
VI. Software Features
1. Storage Media
The storage media supported by Ghost exceed our imagination. It supports peer-to-peer LPT interface, peer-to-peer USB interface, peer-to-peer TCP/IP interface, SCSI tape drive, portable devices (JAZ, ZIP, MO, etc.), CD burner (CDR, CDRW), etc. And these features do not need any external drivers and software, just a floppy disk can do it! Especially the support for CD burners. Nowadays, burners and blank CDs are very cheap, which are very suitable for backup purposes.
2. Compatibility
Ghost has good support for existing operating systems, including file storage formats such as FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, HPFS, UNIX, NOVELL, etc. Different from previous versions, Ghost 2001 has added support for Linux EX2 (FIFO file storage format), which means that Linux users can also use Ghost to back up the system.
3. Supporting Software
A. Ghost Browser
In previous Ghost versions, we could only simply back up, copy, and restore the entire system. To restore individual files and folders, we had to use the external GhostEXP software. Now, Symantec has integrated the Ghost browser in the software. The Ghost browser adopts an interface similar to Windows Explorer. Through it, we can easily and quickly find the files and folders we want in the backup package and restore them.
Using Explorer can back up the entire hard disk or a single hard disk partition. Click the cylindrical icon on the toolbar, pop up the hard disk or partition selection dialog window, then select the storage directory of the backup file and enter the name to complete. It should be noted that non-registered users cannot use the backup function.
Managing hard disk backup files in Ghost Explorer is very convenient. First, select to open a backup file (File/Open). At this time, the files in the backup are listed in the program interface window like in Windows Explorer. You can view, open files, search for files, or delete a certain file (but you cannot delete directories) very conveniently.
Ghost Explorer provides multiple methods to restore hard disk backup files. The most convenient method is to right-click a certain file with the mouse, select Restore in the pop-up menu, then enter the directory to be restored to, and thus a single file is restored from the entire disk backup. Of course, if you want to restore the entire disk backup, just select the top directory item with the disk icon in the left directory list bar, then click the restore icon (the second one) on the toolbar.
B. GDisk
GDisk is a newly added utility, which completely replaces FDisk and Format. Its functions are:
* Quick formatting.
* Hide and display partitions. This function allows more than one primary DOS partition, and the operating systems on each partition have different versions. The ability to hide partitions makes the computer used to boot to the selected bootable partition and ignore the installation of the same operating system in other hidden partitions.
* Comprehensive partition report.
* Highly secure disk erasure. Provide disk erasure options that meet the US Department of Defense standards and higher security standards.
Different from FDisk which uses an interactive menu, GDisk is command line driven. This provides a faster ability to configure disk partitions and define GDisk operations in batch files. But at the same time, dozens of parameters will make ordinary users headache, so I do not recommend ordinary users to use it. Symantec should also launch a corresponding GUI (graphical user interface) console for users to use. The specific parameter description can be understood by the command line gdisk/?.
C. Live Update
Live Update is a universal upgrade program for Symantec software. It can check the installed Symantec software in the current system and upgrade the software online through the Internet.
When installing Ghost 2001, the installation program automatically upgrades the version of the Live Update program.
VII. Command Line Parameters: (Unattended Backup/Restore/Copy Operations of Ghost)
In fact, the function of Ghost 2001 is far more than those displayed in its main program. Ghost can add many parameters in its startup command line to realize more functions. The command line parameters are quite complicated to use, but we can make batch files, so as to "once and for all" (similar to unattended installation of Windows 98 and Windows 2000). Now let's understand some common parameters (for more detailed parameter introduction, refer to the help file of Ghost).
1.-rb
Automatically restart when this Ghost operation ends and exits. In this way, you can rest assured to leave when copying the system.
2.-fx
Automatically return to the DOS prompt when this Ghost operation ends and exits.
3.-sure
Always answer "Yes" to all confirmation prompts or warnings. This parameter is dangerous to a certain extent, and it is only recommended for advanced users to use.
4.-fro
If bad clusters are found in the source partition, force the copy to proceed without prompting. This parameter can be used to try to save the data in the hard disk bad sectors.
5.@filename
Specify the txt file in filename. The txt file contains additional parameters of Ghost. In this way, the limitation of 150 characters of the DOS command line can be avoided.
6.-f32
Convert the source FAT16 partition to FAT32 after copying (provided that the target partition is not less than 2G). WinNT 4 and Windows95, 97 users use with caution.
7.-bootcd
When directly backing up files to the CD, this option can make the CD bootable. This process requires putting in the boot disk.
8.-fatlimit
Limit the NT FAT16 partition to 2G. This parameter is very useful when copying the Windows NT partition and not wanting to use 64k/cluster FAT16.
9.-span
Volume parameter. When the space is insufficient, prompt to copy to another backup package in another partition.
10.-auto
Automatically assign a file name to continue execution without prompting when copying volumes.
11.-crcignore
Ignore CRC ERROR in the backup package. Do not use this parameter unless you need to rescue the data in the backup package, to prevent data errors.
12.-ia
All images. Ghost will back up each partition on the hard disk one by one.
13.-ial
All images, similar to the -ia parameter, back up Linux partitions one by one.
14.-id
All images. Similar to the -ia parameter, but including the boot information of the partition.
15.-quiet
Prohibit status updates and user intervention during the operation.
16.-script
Can execute multiple Ghost command lines. The command lines are stored in the specified file.
17.-split=x
Divide the backup package into multiple volumes, and the size of each volume is x megabytes. This function is very practical, used to copy large backup packages to mobile storage devices, for example, copy a 1.9G backup package to 3 CD-ROMs.
18.-z
Compress the content on the disk or partition when saving it to the image file. -z or -z1 is low compression ratio (fast); -z2 is high compression ratio (medium speed); -z3 to -z9 increase the compression ratio in turn (speed decreases in turn).
19.-clone
This is the core parameter to realize Ghost unattended backup/restore. The usage syntax is:
-clone,MODE=(operation),SRC=(source),DST=(destination),[SZE(size),SZE(size)...]
This parameter line is more complicated, and there should be no spaces between each parameter. Among them, operation means the operation type, and the value can be taken as: copy: disk to disk; load: file to disk; dump: disk to file; pcopy: partition to partition; pload: file to partition; pdump: partition to file.
Source means the operation source, and the value can be taken as: drive number, starting from 1; or it is a file name, and the absolute path needs to be written.
Destination means the target location, and the value can be taken as: drive number, starting from 1; or it is a file name, and the absolute path needs to be written; @CDx, CD burner, x represents the drive number of the CD burner, starting from 1.
The following is an example to illustrate:
1. Command line parameter: ghostpe.exe -clone,mode=copy,src=1,dst=2
Completed operation: Copy local disk 1 to local disk 2.
2. Command line parameter: ghostpe.exe -clone,mode=pcopy,src=1:2,dst=2:1
Completed operation: Copy the second partition on local disk 1 to the first partition on local disk 2.
3. Command line parameter: ghostpe.exe-clone,mode=load,src=g:\3prtdisk.gho,dst=1,sze1=450M,sze2=1599M,sze3=2047M
Completed operation: Load disk 1 from the image file, and adjust the size of the first partition to 450MB, the second to 1599MB, and the third to 2047MB.
4. Command line parameter: ghostpe.exe -clone,mode=pdump,src2:1:4:6,dst=d:\prt246.gho
Completed operation: Create an image file containing only the selected partitions. Select partitions 1, 4, and 6 on disk 2.
VIII. Some Examples
ghost.exe -clone,mode=copy,src=1,dst=2 -sure
Hard disk copy
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pcopy,src=1:2,dst=2:1 -sure
Copy the second partition of the first hard disk to the first partition of the second hard disk
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pdump,src=1:2,dst=g:\bac.gho
Make the second partition of the first hard disk into an image file and put it in the g partition
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pload,src=g:\bac.gho:2,dst=1:2
Restore the second partition from the image file containing two partitions to the second partition of the hard disk
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pload,src=g:\bac.gho,dst=1:1 -fx -sure -rb
Restore the C drive with the bac.gho file in the g drive. After completion, no information is displayed, and it starts directly
ghost.exe -clone,mode=load,src=g:\bac.gho,dst=2,SZE1=60P,SZE2=40P
Restore the image file to the second hard disk, and modify the partition size ratio to 60:40
Automatically restore the disk:
First, make a boot disk, including Config.sys, Autoexec.bat, Command.com, Io.sys, Ghost.exe files (can be completed with the program to make a boot disk in windows). The Autoexec.bat contains the following commands:
Ghost.exe -clone,mode=pload,src=d:\bac.gho,dst=1:1 -fx -sure -rb
Use the file in drive D to automatically restore, and after completion, automatically exit ghost and restart.
Automatically back up the disk:
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pdump,src=1:1,dst=d:\bac.gho -fx -sure -rb
Automatically restore the CD:
Contain files: Config.sys, Autoexec.bat, Mscdex.exe (CDROM execution program), Oakcdrom.sys (ATAPI CDROM compatible driver), Ghost.exe.
The content of Config.sys is:
DEVICE=OAKCDROM.SYS /D:IDECD001
The content of Autoexec.bat is:
MSCDEX.EXE /D:IDECE001 /L:Z
Ghost -clone,mode=load,src=z:\bac.gho,dst=1:1 -sure -rb
The example can be modified according to the following specific instructions:
1.-clone
-clone must be added with parameters when used, and it is also the most practical one among all the switch{batch switch}. The following are the parameters defined by clone:
mode={copy|load|dump|pcopy|pload|pdump},
src={drive|file|driveartition},
dst={drive|file|driveartition}
mode specifies which clone-provided command to use
copy copy from hard disk to hard disk (disk to disk copy)
load restore file to hard disk (file to disk load)
dump make the hard disk into an image file (disk to file dump)
pcopy copy from partition to partition (partition to partition copy)
pload restore file to partition (file to partition load)
pdump back up the partition into an image file (partition to file dump)
src specifies the location mode of the source partition used by ghost during operation and its meaning. Corresponding to the mode command, examples of parameters used by src:
COPY/DUMP source hard disk number. 1 represents the first hard disk
LOAD image file name. g:/back98/setup98.gho or device name (drive）
PCOPY/PDUMP source partition number. 1:2 represents the second partition of hard disk 1
PLOAD partition image file name plus partition number or drive letter plus partition number. g:\back98.gho:2 represents the second partition in the image file
dst specifies the target location mode used by running Ghost and its meaning. Corresponding to the mode command, examples of parameters used by dst:
COPY/DUMP destination hard disk number. 2 represents the second hard disk
LOAD hard disk image file name. For example g:\back98\setup98.gho
PCOPY/PLOAD destination partition number. 2:2 represents the second partition of hard disk 2
PDUMP partition image file name plus partition number. g:\back98\setup98.gho:2
SZEn specifies the size of the used destination partition:
n=xxxxM specifies the size of the nth destination partition as xxxxMB. For example, SZE2=800M means that the size of partition 2 is 800MB
n=mmP specifies the size of the nth destination partition as mm percentage of the entire hard disk.
2.-fxo Force the copy to continue when there are bad blocks in the source object
3.-fx When ghost completes the work of the new system, it does not display press ctrl-alt-del to reboot and directly returns to DOS
4.-ia Completely perform sector-to-sector copy. When copying a partition from an image file or from another hard disk as the source, Ghost will first check the source partition, and then decide whether to copy the file and directory structure or to do image copy (sector-to-sector). This is the default form. But sometimes, some hidden files related to system security may be placed in specific positions in the hard disk. Only by using the sector-to-sector copy method can the correct copy be made
5.-pwd and -pwd=x Encrypt the image file
6.-rb After restoration or copying is completed, let the system restart
7.-sure can be used with clone. Ghost will not display the proceed with disk clone-destination drive will be overwritten? prompt message
IX. Precautions
1. When backing up the system, the single backup file is best not to exceed 2GB.
2. Before backing up the system, it is best to delete some useless files to reduce the volume of the Ghost file. Usually, the useless files are: Windows temporary folder, IE temporary folder, Windows memory swap file. These files usually take up more than 100MB of hard disk space.
3. Before backing up the system, defragment the target disk and the source disk to speed up the backup speed.
4. Before backing up the system and before restoring the system, it is best to check the target disk and the source disk to correct disk errors.
5. When restoring the system, it is best to check whether there are important files on the target disk to be restored that have not been transferred. Don't wait until the hard disk information is overwritten to regret it.
6. When selecting the compression ratio, it is recommended not to select the highest compression ratio, because the highest compression ratio is very time-consuming, and the compression ratio does not increase obviously.
7. After newly installing software and hardware, it is best to re-make the image file, otherwise some inexplicable errors may appear after restoration.
