Family Computer (FC)
Baidu Baike
https://baike.sogou.com/v251463.htm?fromTitle=nes
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Machine Structure Editing
The FC uses an 8-bit Ricoh-manufactured 2A03 NMOS processor (based on the 6502 central processing unit, but lacking BCD mode). The PAL system model operates at a frequency of 1.773447MHz, and the NTSC system model operates at a frequency of 1.7897725MHz. The main memory and display memory are 2KB.
The FC uses the image controller (PPU) developed by Ricoh, with 2KB of video memory. The palette can display 48 colors and 5 gray scales. A screen can display 64 sprites, with a sprite format of 8x8 or 8x16 pixels. A scan line can display up to 8 sprites. Although it can exceed this limit, it will cause sprite flickering. The background can only display one scroll. The screen resolution is 256x240, but due to the limitations of the NTSC system, 8 scan lines at the top and bottom cannot be displayed, so the remaining resolution is 256x224.
From an architectural perspective, the FC has a pseudo-Audio Processing Unit (pAPU). In the actual hardware, this processor is integrated in the 2A03 NMOS processor. The pAPU has 2 nearly-identical rectangular wave channels, 1 triangle wave channel, 1 noise channel, and 1 audio sampling playback channel (DCM, delta modulation method). Among them, 3 analog channels are used to play musical notes, 1 noise channel is used to represent special sound effects (explosions, gunshots, etc.), and the audio sampling playback channel can be used to represent continuous background sounds.
The FC host has a reset switch, 1 power switch, 1 game cartridge slot, 2 2-button handles (game controllers) with a cross direction pad. The main handle has "Select" and "Start" buttons. The back of the host has a power interface, RF radio frequency output interface, video image output interface, and audio output interface. There is also an expansion port on the front for connecting external devices such as light guns and additional rapid-fire handles.
FC games are usually stored in the form of read-only memory in game cartridges that can be inserted into the host slot. The capacities are LA series 24K, LB series 40K, LC series 48K, LD series 64K, LE series 80K, LF series 128K, LG series 160K, LH series 256K, special cartridges, and multi-in-one cartridges, etc. Some also have batteries to save game progress.
On February 21, 1986, Nintendo also launched an FC disk drive, which can use a dedicated floppy drive to read and write games on the FC host through a converter. The floppy disk capacity is 112KB.
5 Game Storage Editing
The storage medium of early game cartridges was similar to BIOS chip flash memory chips, divided into erasable and non-erasable types. However, many game cartridges are integrated on the card and cannot be removed. The advantage of this chip is fast writing speed (compared to floppy disks) and stability; the disadvantage is small capacity and high cost, so it was no longer used until Nintendo's N64. Later games used optical discs as the game medium. The principle is the electric erasing working mode, but most are one-time write and cannot replace the content.
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"The Mystery of Coding" for popularizing knowledge (Note: Chinese version)
http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/uwY5jhwTBRqB7
[ Last edited by zzz19760225 on 2018-7-20 at 19:45 ]
Baidu Baike
https://baike.sogou.com/v251463.htm?fromTitle=nes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Machine Structure Editing
The FC uses an 8-bit Ricoh-manufactured 2A03 NMOS processor (based on the 6502 central processing unit, but lacking BCD mode). The PAL system model operates at a frequency of 1.773447MHz, and the NTSC system model operates at a frequency of 1.7897725MHz. The main memory and display memory are 2KB.
The FC uses the image controller (PPU) developed by Ricoh, with 2KB of video memory. The palette can display 48 colors and 5 gray scales. A screen can display 64 sprites, with a sprite format of 8x8 or 8x16 pixels. A scan line can display up to 8 sprites. Although it can exceed this limit, it will cause sprite flickering. The background can only display one scroll. The screen resolution is 256x240, but due to the limitations of the NTSC system, 8 scan lines at the top and bottom cannot be displayed, so the remaining resolution is 256x224.
From an architectural perspective, the FC has a pseudo-Audio Processing Unit (pAPU). In the actual hardware, this processor is integrated in the 2A03 NMOS processor. The pAPU has 2 nearly-identical rectangular wave channels, 1 triangle wave channel, 1 noise channel, and 1 audio sampling playback channel (DCM, delta modulation method). Among them, 3 analog channels are used to play musical notes, 1 noise channel is used to represent special sound effects (explosions, gunshots, etc.), and the audio sampling playback channel can be used to represent continuous background sounds.
The FC host has a reset switch, 1 power switch, 1 game cartridge slot, 2 2-button handles (game controllers) with a cross direction pad. The main handle has "Select" and "Start" buttons. The back of the host has a power interface, RF radio frequency output interface, video image output interface, and audio output interface. There is also an expansion port on the front for connecting external devices such as light guns and additional rapid-fire handles.
FC games are usually stored in the form of read-only memory in game cartridges that can be inserted into the host slot. The capacities are LA series 24K, LB series 40K, LC series 48K, LD series 64K, LE series 80K, LF series 128K, LG series 160K, LH series 256K, special cartridges, and multi-in-one cartridges, etc. Some also have batteries to save game progress.
On February 21, 1986, Nintendo also launched an FC disk drive, which can use a dedicated floppy drive to read and write games on the FC host through a converter. The floppy disk capacity is 112KB.
5 Game Storage Editing
The storage medium of early game cartridges was similar to BIOS chip flash memory chips, divided into erasable and non-erasable types. However, many game cartridges are integrated on the card and cannot be removed. The advantage of this chip is fast writing speed (compared to floppy disks) and stability; the disadvantage is small capacity and high cost, so it was no longer used until Nintendo's N64. Later games used optical discs as the game medium. The principle is the electric erasing working mode, but most are one-time write and cannot replace the content.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"The Mystery of Coding" for popularizing knowledge (Note: Chinese version)
http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/uwY5jhwTBRqB7
[ Last edited by zzz19760225 on 2018-7-20 at 19:45 ]
1<词>，2，3/段\，4{节}，5(章)。
