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May I ask: How to read the boot program from a bootable CD and write it to a floppy disk?

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Ask everyone a question. I want to add an executable file in the boot disk. How to call it?

### About the Boot File - BOOT.INI

In Windows NT-based operating systems, namely Windows NT/2000/XP, there is a special file, the "BOOT.INI" file, which can easily set up multiple boot systems according to our needs.

The "BOOT.INI" file exists in the partition where the Windows NT/2000/XP operating system has been installed, generally by default under C:\. But it has hidden and system attributes by default, so you need to set your folder options to make the "BOOT.INI" file visible. We can open it with any text editor. Generally, its content is as follows:

timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows

multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect

In Windows 2000 or XP systems, we can easily set the "BOOT.INI" file. That is, right-click on "My Computer", select "Properties" to open the "System Properties" dialog box, then click the "Advanced" tab, click the "Settings" button in "Startup and Recovery", and then the "Startup and Recovery" dialog box can be opened. Here we can make detailed settings for it.

If you have the Windows XP operating system, you can use the "System Configuration Utility" to edit the "BOOT.INI" file more conveniently. The specific method is: open the "Start" menu, click the "Run" command, then enter "msconfig" in the popped-up text box, click "OK" and the "System Configuration Utility" will pop up, then click the "BOOT.INI" tab, and the interface as shown in the figure will appear. Here, we can set the file conveniently.

Let's get back to the point. Now, let's explain the meaning of the content of this file.

1. System Loading Part ()
This part is very simple, with only two settings. That is "timeout=" and "default=".
"timeout=" sets the time for the system boot menu to be displayed when the computer starts. If the set value is exceeded, the operating system specified by "default=" below will be automatically loaded. The default value is 30, in seconds. We can set the length of the waiting time here. If it is set to "0", the system boot menu will not be displayed.
"default=" sets the default boot operating system. And the operating system after the equal sign must exist in "". If you want to default to loading another operating system, we can refer to the operating system list in "", and then write the operating system you want to load after "default=" according to the format.

2. Operating System Part ()
Here, all the operating systems installed on the machine are listed. For example, if there is only one operating system on the machine, there will be only one piece of information, that is "multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect"
Here, it should be noted that the text in the English quotes is the prompt text for selecting the operating system when the boot operating system menu is displayed, and we can change it freely here. And the sentence "multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) \Windows" needs to be explained. Because it involves ARC (Advanced RISC Computers) naming, which is a dynamic method for identifying devices in x86 or RISC computers.
The first part of ARC naming is used to identify the hardware adapter card/disk controller, and it has two options: SCSI and Multi.
Multi means a non-SCSI hard disk or a SCSI hard disk accessed by SCSI BIOS, and SCSI means a SCSI hard disk for which SCSI BIOS is disabled. (x) is the hardware adapter card number. Disk(x) indicates the SCSI bus number. If the hardware adapter card is Multi, its correct representation is disk(0), and rdisk(x) indicates the hard disk number. If the hardware adapter card is SCSI, this value is ignored;
partition(x) indicates the partition number of the hard disk. With this understanding, we can explain the meaning of the previous piece of information, that is, "multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) \Windows" means that the bootable operating system can be found in the "Windows" directory in the first partition on the 0th disk on the 0th non-SCSI device.
The content after the equal sign has been said earlier, that is the prompt text for us to choose when the boot menu is displayed. And what is the use of the following "/fastdetect"? This is a switch character used to control the specific options when starting this operating system. Let's introduce the meanings of various switch characters in detail below:
/3GB: This was newly introduced in Win2000 SP3. This makes the user area and system area in a ratio of 3G to 1G. This option is only effective if the user uses NT Enterprise Edition and the application also supports the /3GB option.
/BASEVIDEO: Start using the standard VGA mode. This mode is mainly used when the display driver fails.
/BAUDRATE: Specify the baud rate used for scheduling. If the user does not set it, the default 9600 is used, and 19200 is used for the cable Modem.
/BOOTLOG: Make Win2000 write the log to %SystemRoot%\NTBTLOG.TXT.
/BURNMEMORY=: Make NT use a specified amount less on the known memory. If /burnmemory=64, NT does not use 64M memory.
/CRASHDEBUG: The scheduler starts when NT starts, which is only useful when there is a kernel error. This option is very useful if the system often has unexpected errors.
/DEBUG: Load the scheduler when starting NT. It can be activated at any time, and it is more appropriate to use it when the error can occur again.
/DEBUGPORT= comx : Specify the port used for scheduling, where X refers to the port number.
/FASTDETECT: For Win2000 startup, it makes the system not check the serial port and parallel port.
/HAL=: Allow the user not to use the default HAL.
/INTAFFINITY: Set the multi-processor HAL (HALMPS.DLL) so that the processor with the largest number receives the interrupt request. If this option is not set, Win2000 will make all processors receive the interrupt request.
/KERNEL=: The same function as above, but for the kernel in SMP.
/MAXMEM:n: Specify the maximum amount of memory that NT can use. This switch is very useful if a memory chip is damaged.
/NODEBUG: Do not use debugging information.
/NOGUIBOOT: Specifying this option will make Win2000 not load the VGA driver, and thus will not display the startup process and the blue screen information when it fails.
/NOSERIALMICE=: Disable the detection of the serial mouse on the specific COM. This option is very useful if the user has a non-mouse device connected to the COM port. If this switch has no parameters, the system will disable all COM ports.
/NUMPROC=n: Only allow the first N system processors to work.
/ONECPU: Only use one processor in the multi-processor.
/PCILOCK: Do not let NT allocate IO/IRQ resources for PCI settings, but enable BIOS settings.
/SAFEBOOT: Safe boot. Everyone must be very familiar with this. Win2000 only starts the drivers and services in HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot, followed by one of the three parameters MINIMAL, NETWORK or DSREPAIR. MINIMAL and NETWORK start the system under the condition of allowing the network. And DSREPAIR requires the system to transfer the settings of the active directory from the backup device. There is also an option "(ALTERNATESHELL)", which makes the system transfer the SHELL program specified by HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\SafeBoot\AlternateShell instead of using the default Explorer.
/SOS: Display the name of the driver when it is loaded. It is better to use it when the system cannot start due to driver problems.
/WIN95: On a system with three operating systems DOS, Win9x and Windows NT, let NTLDR directly call Win9x. The startup file is BOOTSECT.W40.
/WIN95DOS: On a system with three operating systems DOS, Win9x and Windows NT, let NTLDR directly call the DOS startup file BOOTSECT.DOS
/YEAR=: Use the specified year. If set to /YEAR=2005, the current time will be 2005. This option is only valid for NT4+SP4 and Win2000.

With the above understanding, we can more easily control the startup of our system.

Materials for self-made bootable disks
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