『第 12 楼』:
使用 LLM 解释/回答一下
关于引导文件——BOOT.INI
Windows NT类的操作系统，也就是Windows NT/2000/XP中，有一个特殊文件，也就是“BOOT.INI”文件，这个文件会很轻松地按照我们的需求设置好多重启动系统。
“BOOT.INI”文件会在已经安装了Windows NT/2000/XP的操作系统的所在分区，一般默认为C:\下面存在。但是它默认具有隐藏和系统属性，所以你要设置你的文件夹选项，以便把“BOOT.INI”文件显示出来。我们可以用任何一种文本编辑器来打开他它。一般情况下，它的内容如下:
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect
在Windows 2000或者是XP系统中，我们可以很容易的设置“BOOT.INI”文件。那就是在“我的电脑”上面点击右键，选择“属性”打开“系统属性”对话框，再点击“高级”选项卡，在“启动和故障修复”里面点击“设置”按钮，就可以打开“启动和故障修复”对话框了，在这里面我们就可以对它进行详细设置。
如果你拥有Windows XP操作系统，那么你可以用“系统配置实用程序”来更方便的编辑“BOOT.INI”文件。具体做法是:打开“开始”菜单，点击“运行”命令，再在弹出的文本框中输入“msconfig”点击“确定”后就会弹出“系统配置实用程序”，再点击“BOOT.INI”选项卡，就会出现如图所示的界面。在这里，我们可以很方便地设置文件。
言归正传，现在，来说明一下这个文件内容的含义。
1.系统加载部分（）
这一部分很简单，只有两个设定。那就是“timeout=”和“default=”。
“timeout=”就是设定开机时系统引导菜单显示的时间，超过设定值则自动加载下面“default=”指定的操作系统。默认值是30，单位为秒。我们可以在这里面设定等待时间的长短。如果将其设为“0”那么就是不显示系统引导菜单。
“default=”则是设定默认引导的操作系统。而等号后面的操作系统必须是已经在“”中存在的。如果想默认为加载另外的操作系统，我们可以参看“”中的操作系统列表，然后把想要加载的操作系统按照格式写到“default=”后面就可以了。
2.操作系统部分（）
在这里面，列出了机器上所安装的全部操作系统。比如机器上只有一个操作系统，那么就只有一条信息，那就是“multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect”
在这里需要注意的是，在英文引号内的文字就是引导操作系统菜单时显示出来的让我们选择操作系统的提示文字，在这里面我们可以随意更改。而“multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) \Windows”这一句就需要些解释了。因为它涉及ARC（高级RISC计算机）命名，它是x86或RISC计算机中用于标识设备的动态方法。
ARC命名的第一部分用于标识硬件适配卡/磁盘控制器，它有两个选项:SCSI和Multi。
Multi表示一个非SCSI硬盘或一个由SCSI BIOS访问的SCSI硬盘，而SCSI则表示一个SCSI BIOS禁止的SCSI硬盘。(x)是硬件适配卡序号。Disk(x)表示SCSI总线号。如果硬件适配卡为Multi，其正确表示方法就为disk(0)，rdisk(x)则表示硬盘的序号，如果硬件适配卡为SCSI则忽略此值;
partition(x)表示硬盘的分区序号。了解这些，我们就可以解释前面那条信息的含义了，即“multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) \Windows”为，在0号非SCSI设备上的第0号磁盘上的第一个分区里面的“Windows”目录下可以找到能够启动的操作系统。
等号后的内容前面已经说过，那个就是引导菜单显示出来的供我们选择的提示文字。而后面的“/fastdetect”又是作什么用的呢？这是一个开关符，用来控制启动该操作系统时的具体选项，下面再来详细的介绍各种开关符的含义:
/3GB:这是Win2000 SP3新引入的。这使得用户区和系统区分为3G比1G的比例。只有用户使用NT企业版，应用程序也支持3GB选项时，此选项才生效。
/BASEVIDEO:使用标准VGA方式启动。这种方式主要用于显示驱动程序失效时。
/BAUDRATE:指出用于调度的波特率，如果用户不设置，则使用默认的9600，而对于线缆Modem则使用19200。
/BOOTLOG:使Win2000将日志写入 %SystemRoot%\NTBTLOG.TXT 。
/BURNMEMORY=:使NT在已知的内存上少使用指定的数量，如果/burnmemory=64，则有64M内存NT不使用。
/CRASHDEBUG:调度器在NT启动时启动，只有在内核错误时才有用，如果系统经常会无故出错，这个选项就很有用了。
/DEBUG:在启动NT时调入调度器，它可以在任何时间激活，在错误可以再次出现时使用它比较合适。
/DEBUGPORT= comx :指定用于调度的端口，其它X就指端口号。
/FASTDETECT:对于Win2000启动时，它使系统不检查串行口和并行口。
/HAL=:允许用户不使用默认的HAL。
/INTAFFINITY:设置多处理器HAL(HALMPS.DLL)，使编号最大的处理器接收中断请求。如果不设置此选项，Win2000会使所有处理器接收中断请求。
/KERNEL=:与上面的功能相同，不过是针对SMP中的内核而言的。
/MAXMEM:n:指定NT可以使用的最大内存数，如果一个内存片损坏，这个开关就十分有用了。
/NODEBUG:不使用调试信息。
/NOGUIBOOT:指定此选项会使Win2000不加载VGA驱动程序，也就不会显示启动过程和失败时的兰屏信息。
/NOSERIALMICE=:在特定的COM中上禁止对串行鼠标的检测。如果用户有一个非鼠标设备接在COM口上，这个选项会十分有用。如果此开关未加参数，系统会禁止所有COM口。
/NUMPROC=n:只允许前N个系统处理器工作。
/ONECPU:在多处理器中只使用一个处理器。
/PCILOCK:不让NT为PCI设置分配IO/IRQ资源，而启用BIOS设置。
/SAFEBOOT:安全启动，这个大家一定十分熟悉，Win2000只启动HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\
Control\SafeBoot中的驱动程序和服务，其后跟三个参数MINIMAL，NETWORK或DSREPAIR之一。MINIMAL和NETWORK在允许网络下启动系统。而DSREPAIR要求系统从备份设备中调入活动目录的设置。还有一个选项是"(ALTERNATESHELL)"，它让系统调入由HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\
SafeBoot\AlternateShell指定的SHELL程序，而不使用默认的Explorer。
/SOS:在调入驱动程序名时显示它的名字，在因驱动问题而无法启动时使用比较好。
/WIN95:在装有三个系统DOS、Win9x和Windows NT的系统上，让NTLDR直接调用Win9x。启动文件BOOTSECT.W40。
/WIN95DOS:在装有三个系统DOS、Win9x和Windows NT的系统上，让NTLDR直接调用DOS启动文件BOOTSECT.DOS
/YEAR=:使用指定的年份，如果设置为/YEAR=2005，那现在的时间就是2005年，此选项仅对NT4+SP4和Win2000生效。
了解了以上这些，我们就可以更加轻松控制好我们系统的启动了。
### About the Boot File - BOOT.INI
In Windows NT-based operating systems, namely Windows NT/2000/XP, there is a special file, the "BOOT.INI" file, which can easily set up multiple boot systems according to our needs.
The "BOOT.INI" file exists in the partition where the Windows NT/2000/XP operating system has been installed, generally by default under C:\. But it has hidden and system attributes by default, so you need to set your folder options to make the "BOOT.INI" file visible. We can open it with any text editor. Generally, its content is as follows:
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect
In Windows 2000 or XP systems, we can easily set the "BOOT.INI" file. That is, right-click on "My Computer", select "Properties" to open the "System Properties" dialog box, then click the "Advanced" tab, click the "Settings" button in "Startup and Recovery", and then the "Startup and Recovery" dialog box can be opened. Here we can make detailed settings for it.
If you have the Windows XP operating system, you can use the "System Configuration Utility" to edit the "BOOT.INI" file more conveniently. The specific method is: open the "Start" menu, click the "Run" command, then enter "msconfig" in the popped-up text box, click "OK" and the "System Configuration Utility" will pop up, then click the "BOOT.INI" tab, and the interface as shown in the figure will appear. Here, we can set the file conveniently.
Let's get back to the point. Now, let's explain the meaning of the content of this file.
1. System Loading Part ()
This part is very simple, with only two settings. That is "timeout=" and "default=".
"timeout=" sets the time for the system boot menu to be displayed when the computer starts. If the set value is exceeded, the operating system specified by "default=" below will be automatically loaded. The default value is 30, in seconds. We can set the length of the waiting time here. If it is set to "0", the system boot menu will not be displayed.
"default=" sets the default boot operating system. And the operating system after the equal sign must exist in "". If you want to default to loading another operating system, we can refer to the operating system list in "", and then write the operating system you want to load after "default=" according to the format.
2. Operating System Part ()
Here, all the operating systems installed on the machine are listed. For example, if there is only one operating system on the machine, there will be only one piece of information, that is "multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect"
Here, it should be noted that the text in the English quotes is the prompt text for selecting the operating system when the boot operating system menu is displayed, and we can change it freely here. And the sentence "multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) \Windows" needs to be explained. Because it involves ARC (Advanced RISC Computers) naming, which is a dynamic method for identifying devices in x86 or RISC computers.
The first part of ARC naming is used to identify the hardware adapter card/disk controller, and it has two options: SCSI and Multi.
Multi means a non-SCSI hard disk or a SCSI hard disk accessed by SCSI BIOS, and SCSI means a SCSI hard disk for which SCSI BIOS is disabled. (x) is the hardware adapter card number. Disk(x) indicates the SCSI bus number. If the hardware adapter card is Multi, its correct representation is disk(0), and rdisk(x) indicates the hard disk number. If the hardware adapter card is SCSI, this value is ignored;
partition(x) indicates the partition number of the hard disk. With this understanding, we can explain the meaning of the previous piece of information, that is, "multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) \Windows" means that the bootable operating system can be found in the "Windows" directory in the first partition on the 0th disk on the 0th non-SCSI device.
The content after the equal sign has been said earlier, that is the prompt text for us to choose when the boot menu is displayed. And what is the use of the following "/fastdetect"? This is a switch character used to control the specific options when starting this operating system. Let's introduce the meanings of various switch characters in detail below:
/3GB: This was newly introduced in Win2000 SP3. This makes the user area and system area in a ratio of 3G to 1G. This option is only effective if the user uses NT Enterprise Edition and the application also supports the /3GB option.
/BASEVIDEO: Start using the standard VGA mode. This mode is mainly used when the display driver fails.
/BAUDRATE: Specify the baud rate used for scheduling. If the user does not set it, the default 9600 is used, and 19200 is used for the cable Modem.
/BOOTLOG: Make Win2000 write the log to %SystemRoot%\NTBTLOG.TXT.
/BURNMEMORY=: Make NT use a specified amount less on the known memory. If /burnmemory=64, NT does not use 64M memory.
/CRASHDEBUG: The scheduler starts when NT starts, which is only useful when there is a kernel error. This option is very useful if the system often has unexpected errors.
/DEBUG: Load the scheduler when starting NT. It can be activated at any time, and it is more appropriate to use it when the error can occur again.
/DEBUGPORT= comx : Specify the port used for scheduling, where X refers to the port number.
/FASTDETECT: For Win2000 startup, it makes the system not check the serial port and parallel port.
/HAL=: Allow the user not to use the default HAL.
/INTAFFINITY: Set the multi-processor HAL (HALMPS.DLL) so that the processor with the largest number receives the interrupt request. If this option is not set, Win2000 will make all processors receive the interrupt request.
/KERNEL=: The same function as above, but for the kernel in SMP.
/MAXMEM:n: Specify the maximum amount of memory that NT can use. This switch is very useful if a memory chip is damaged.
/NODEBUG: Do not use debugging information.
/NOGUIBOOT: Specifying this option will make Win2000 not load the VGA driver, and thus will not display the startup process and the blue screen information when it fails.
/NOSERIALMICE=: Disable the detection of the serial mouse on the specific COM. This option is very useful if the user has a non-mouse device connected to the COM port. If this switch has no parameters, the system will disable all COM ports.
/NUMPROC=n: Only allow the first N system processors to work.
/ONECPU: Only use one processor in the multi-processor.
/PCILOCK: Do not let NT allocate IO/IRQ resources for PCI settings, but enable BIOS settings.
/SAFEBOOT: Safe boot. Everyone must be very familiar with this. Win2000 only starts the drivers and services in HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot, followed by one of the three parameters MINIMAL, NETWORK or DSREPAIR. MINIMAL and NETWORK start the system under the condition of allowing the network. And DSREPAIR requires the system to transfer the settings of the active directory from the backup device. There is also an option "(ALTERNATESHELL)", which makes the system transfer the SHELL program specified by HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\SafeBoot\AlternateShell instead of using the default Explorer.
/SOS: Display the name of the driver when it is loaded. It is better to use it when the system cannot start due to driver problems.
/WIN95: On a system with three operating systems DOS, Win9x and Windows NT, let NTLDR directly call Win9x. The startup file is BOOTSECT.W40.
/WIN95DOS: On a system with three operating systems DOS, Win9x and Windows NT, let NTLDR directly call the DOS startup file BOOTSECT.DOS
/YEAR=: Use the specified year. If set to /YEAR=2005, the current time will be 2005. This option is only valid for NT4+SP4 and Win2000.
With the above understanding, we can more easily control the startup of our system.
|
