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DOS下网络浏览器的使用（原创）
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DOS下网络浏览器的使用
DOS是个功能十分强大的操作系统，因此它的功能也比较全面。近年来随着网络的发展，网络软件就非常重要了。因此，DOS下近年来也出现了不少相应的软件，其中最重要的莫过于网络浏览器了。这些DOS下的网络浏览器可以分为图形浏览器和文本浏览器两大类。其中Arachne是前者中功能最强大的一个，也最为出名。而后者则有Lynx，Minuet等，下面介绍一下它们的用法。
Arachne的最新版本是1.70，可在“DOS软件”中下载。它自带众多网络功能，除通常的FTP，HTTP功能外，还支持POP3/SMTP收发邮件，安装各种插件等功能。也可以将它作为离线浏览器来使用，就像图形方式的文件管理器那样，可以用来运行程序（包括看图，听音乐等）及文件操作等。它支持多种上网方式，像拨号上网、网卡上网（包括CABLE，ADSL等）它都支持。然而，要想实现上网，并非只要有了这些硬件就可以了，除了硬件的调制解调器以外，要实现使用其它的设备上网必须安装其驱动程序，否则无法使用。具体方法，请见“DOS使用”中的“DOS下联网的方法”。
下面就开始介绍Arachne的设置与使用方法。下载了它的大小不到1M的安装程序ARCHN170.EXE以后，可直接在DOS下运行。输入您想安装的路径后，它会自动进行解压，不用进行人工操作。解压完后它会提示选择您所使用的显卡，一般选择VGA或VESA即可。一旦它开始运行，它会出现设置向导，比如计算机类型，它会自动进行选择，只需按NEXT（下一步）即可。不久后就到了上网的设置菜单（file://setup.htm），其中有三项选择，左边那项（PPP Wizard）是用调制解调器拨号上网，中间那项（Packet Wizard）是用网卡实现CABLE，ADSL等上网，右边那项（Manual Setup）是使用手动设置。一般情况下，您可以根据您的上网情况选择左边或中间的那项。Arachne的设置都非常简便，您可以根据它的设置向导进行就可以了，而且随时还可以回头。比如检测完调制解调器后它会提示您输入要拨号的电话号码，用户名及密码，随后就到了拨号屏幕，选择"Dial"就会进行自动拨号。而检测完网卡后可选择“BOOTP/DHCP”或设置TCP/IP协议，如果您认为已设置好了的话，可直接选择前者，它就会自动初始化BOOTP/DHCP，一般只要硬件接好了的话就不会有问题。当然，您也可以手工设置TCP/IP协议，有时可以取得更好的效果。
Arachne的功能非常多，当然绝不仅仅只有网络设置的功能。您还可以设置它的屏幕显示效果，安装插件以完成更多的功能等。屏幕的上方不是有许多图标吗？比如“Desktop”，就是桌面的意思，那里有很多功能，比如可浏览您的计算机，使用应用程序，以及设置个人选项等。您可以在选项中设置Arachne的显示色彩、各种效果、主页等，还有很多其它的。屏幕上方的图标还有很多，如查看历史记录和电子邮件等。Arachne还有全屏幕的帮助功能，您可以随时按F1键以取得很详细的帮助。除F1键外，还有许多其它的功能键，如F3键在地址栏中输入网址，F4键编辑文档，F5键可以在多种显示界面之间进行选择，F6键查看网页的源代码，F7键是查找功能，F9键重画屏幕，F10键返回桌面，ESC键中断网页的调入或退出Arachne，Ctrl+左键头是后退到上一页，Ctrl+右键头是前进到下一页，*键切换全屏幕（就像IE中的F11键），其它的请看F1帮助中的“功能键列表”。除了功能键外，还有许多快捷键，如Alt+D立即拨号，Alt+E则Shell到DOS，按EXIT返回，Alt+Q进入快捷记事本，Alt+X则退出Arachne，Alt+F1转到主页，Ctrl+L查找下一个，Ctrl+P打印屏幕等。如果您经常使用的话，随着操作的熟练，您会发现一切都十分简单。
Arachne的功能虽然非常强大，但它对国人来说却有一个很大的弱点，那就是不支持中文（即中文只能显示为乱码）。虽然它支持很多语言，但主要是欧洲的其它语言，并没有中日韩（CJK）语言。要想查看中文，图形方式的浏览器显然是不合适的（除非它有中文版本），只能用文本方式的浏览器，在中文DOS系统下使用，比如Lynx。从界面来说，Lynx当然远不如Arachne，但它因为是文本方式的，所以速度快，而且可以查看中文网页，也可以输入汉字。查看或输入中文网页的方法很简单，先启动汉字系统（例如CCDOS97、UCDOS等，建议使用CCDOS97以取得最好的效果）再运行Lynx即可。不过，如果就这样简单的运行的话看中文网页时部分汉字还有些乱码，这是因为Lynx默认的字符集被设置为西方字符集，需要改变它的默认设置才能彻底消除这些乱码，方法是在LYNX.CFG文件中设置“CHARACTER_SET:euc-cn”，以后再启动Lynx就可以完全正常地显示汉字了。为了方便大家的使用，我在这儿提供已进行了修改的LYNX.CFG文件，大家可以在这儿下载（直接用其替换原有的LYNX.CFG文件即可）：http://www.cn-dos.net/dosware/lynx.cfg
Lynx虽没有Arachne强大的设置向导，不过也比较简单，比如加载了网络设备（例如网卡、调制解调器等）的Packet驱动程序（具体可看本站的“DOS使用”栏目中的“DOS下联网的方法”）后运行Lynx，它会自动初始化BOOTP/DHCP（也可手工指定IP地址等），成功后就可以上网了。它的按键有很多，比如按左右箭头前进/后退，上下箭头切换链接，G键输入网址，Q键退出，O键设置选项，H键查看帮助等等。在运行Lynx的任何时候都还可以按Ctrl+C或Ctrl+Break键退出它以返回DOS。其实它的功能也还不少，比如支持HTTPS协议、支持Frame结构（不过它并不会同时显示所有Frame，而是显示所有Frame的名称，可以选择相应的名称以进入各自Frame中的内容）等。另外，Lynx也可以做为离线浏览器来使用，来查看电脑中的各种中英文HTML网页文件，效果很不错。如果只想将其作为离线浏览器的话，可编辑LYNX.CFG文件将Lynx的起始页设为本地地址，然后加载任何Packet驱动程序（包括其自带的NULLPKT，即空的Packet驱动程序，如执行NULLPKT 0x60命令）再启动Lynx即可。
以上谈的是DOS下的两种较有名的网络浏览器的使用方法，您可以自己试一下，体验一下DOS下的上网能力和功能。其实，还有一些更强大的DOS浏览器，比如国内的一家公司就提到了他们开发出一个“可以与Windows下的Internet Explorer浏览器相比的中文DOS浏览器”。而且，大家也可以来参加“DOS开发”，开发出DOS下的更强大的中文浏览器，来更加壮大DOS吧！
Usage of Network Browsers under DOS
DOS is a very powerful operating system, so its functions are relatively comprehensive. In recent years, with the development of the network, network software has become very important. Therefore, many corresponding software have also appeared under DOS in recent years, and the most important one is the network browser. These network browsers under DOS can be divided into two categories: graphical browsers and text browsers. Among them, Arachne is the most powerful and famous one in the former category. And the latter category includes Lynx, Minuet, etc. The following will introduce their usage.
The latest version of Arachne is 1.70, which can be downloaded in "DOS Software". It comes with many network functions. In addition to the usual FTP and HTTP functions, it also supports POP3/SMTP email sending and receiving, installing various plug-ins and other functions. It can also be used as an offline browser, just like a graphical file manager, to run programs (including viewing pictures, listening to music, etc.) and perform file operations. It supports multiple Internet access methods, such as dial-up Internet access, network card Internet access (including CABLE, ADSL, etc.), and it all supports. However, to achieve Internet access, it is not just having these hardware. In addition to the hardware modem, to use other devices to access the Internet, you must install its driver program, otherwise it cannot be used. For the specific method, please refer to "DOS Usage" in "Methods of Networking under DOS".
The following will start to introduce the setup and usage methods of Arachne. After downloading its installation program ARCHN170.EXE with a size of less than 1M, you can directly run it under DOS. After entering the path you want to install, it will automatically decompress, and no manual operation is required. After decompression, it will prompt you to select the graphics card you use, generally select VGA or VESA. Once it starts running, it will appear a setup wizard. For example, the computer type, it will automatically select, just press NEXT (Next) to proceed. Soon, you will reach the Internet access setup menu (file://setup.htm), where there are three options. The left option (PPP Wizard) is for dial-up Internet access using a modem, the middle option (Packet Wizard) is for Internet access using a network card to achieve CABLE, ADSL, etc., and the right option (Manual Setup) is for manual setup. Generally, you can select the left or middle option according to your Internet access situation. The setup of Arachne is very simple, you can follow its setup wizard, and you can also go back at any time. For example, after detecting the modem, it will prompt you to enter the dial-up phone number, username and password, and then you will reach the dial-up screen. Select "Dial" to automatically dial. After detecting the network card, you can select "BOOTP/DHCP" or set the TCP/IP protocol. If you think it has been set up, you can directly select the former, and it will automatically initialize BOOTP/DHCP. Generally, as long as the hardware is connected well, there will be no problem. Of course, you can also manually set the TCP/IP protocol, which can sometimes achieve better results.
Arachne has many functions, and of course, it is not only the function of network setup. You can also set its screen display effect, install plug-ins to complete more functions, etc. Are there many icons at the top of the screen? For example, "Desktop" means the desktop, where there are many functions, such as browsing your computer, using applications, and setting personal options, etc. You can set the display color, various effects, homepage, etc. of Arachne in the options, and there are many others. There are also many other icons at the top of the screen, such as viewing the history record and email, etc. Arachne also has a full-screen help function, you can press the F1 key at any time to get very detailed help. In addition to the F1 key, there are many other function keys. For example, the F3 key is to enter the URL in the address bar, the F4 key is to edit the document, the F5 key can be used to select between multiple display interfaces, the F6 key is to view the source code of the web page, the F7 key is the search function, the F9 key is to redraw the screen, the F10 key is to return to the desktop, the ESC key is to interrupt the loading of the web page or exit Arachne, Ctrl + left arrow is to go back to the previous page, Ctrl + right arrow is to go forward to the next page, the * key switches full screen (just like the F11 key in IE), and others can be seen in the "Function Key List" in the F1 help. In addition to the function keys, there are many shortcut keys. For example, Alt + D immediately dials, Alt + E then Shells to DOS, press EXIT to return, Alt + Q enters the quick notepad, Alt + X then exits Arachne, Alt + F1 goes to the homepage, Ctrl + L searches for the next one, Ctrl + P prints the screen, etc. If you use it frequently, with the proficiency of operation, you will find that everything is very simple.
Although Arachne is very powerful, it has a big weakness for Chinese people, that is, it does not support Chinese (that is, Chinese can only be displayed as garbled code). Although it supports many languages, it is mainly other European languages, and there is no Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) language. To view Chinese, the graphical browser is obviously not suitable (unless it has a Chinese version), and only the text browser can be used, which is used under the Chinese DOS system, such as Lynx. From the interface, Lynx is of course far less than Arachne, but because it is a text mode, it is fast, and can view Chinese web pages, and can also input Chinese characters. The method to view or input Chinese web pages is very simple. First start the Chinese character system (for example, CCDOS97, UCDOS, etc., it is recommended to use CCDOS97 to get the best effect) and then run Lynx. However, if you just run it like this, some Chinese characters are still garbled when viewing Chinese web pages, because the default character set of Lynx is set to the Western character set, and it is necessary to change its default setting to completely eliminate these garbled codes. The method is to set "CHARACTER_SET:euc-cn" in the LYNX.CFG file. Then, when you start Lynx again, Chinese characters can be displayed normally completely. To facilitate everyone's use, I provide the modified LYNX.CFG file here. You can download it here (just replace the original LYNX.CFG file with it): http://www.cn-dos.net/dosware/lynx.cfg
Lynx does not have the powerful setup wizard of Arachne, but it is also relatively simple. For example, after loading the Packet driver program of the network device (for example, network card, modem, etc.) (specifically, you can see the "Methods of Networking under DOS" in the "DOS Usage" column of this website), run Lynx, it will automatically initialize BOOTP/DHCP (you can also manually specify the IP address, etc.). After success, you can access the Internet. There are many keys for it. For example, press the left and right arrows to go forward/backward, the up and down arrows to switch links, the G key to enter the URL, the Q key to exit, the O key to set options, the H key to view help, etc. At any time when running Lynx, you can also press the Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Break key to exit it and return to DOS. In fact, its functions are still quite a lot. For example, it supports the HTTPS protocol, supports the Frame structure (however, it will not display all Frames at the same time, but display the names of all Frames, and you can select the corresponding name to enter the content in each Frame), etc. In addition, Lynx can also be used as an offline browser to view various Chinese and English HTML web page files in the computer, and the effect is very good. If you only want to use it as an offline browser, you can edit the LYNX.CFG file to set the start page of Lynx to the local address, and then load any Packet driver program (including its own NULLPKT, that is, the empty Packet driver program, such as executing the NULLPKT 0x60 command) and then start Lynx.
The above talks about the usage methods of two more famous network browsers under DOS. You can try it yourself and experience the Internet access ability and functions under DOS. In fact, there are some more powerful DOS browsers. For example, a domestic company mentioned that they developed a "Chinese DOS browser that can be compared with the Internet Explorer browser under Windows". Moreover, everyone can also participate in "DOS Development" to develop more powerful Chinese browsers under DOS to make DOS more powerful!
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