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usage: ntsd where: -? displays this help text command-line is the command to run under the debugger -- is the same as -G -g -o -p -1 -d -pd -aDllName sets the default extension DLL -c executes the following debugger command -clines number of lines of output history retrieved by a remote client -failinc causes incomplete symbol and module loads to fail -d sends all debugger output to kernel debugger via DbgPrint -d cannot be used with debugger remoting -d can only be used when the kernel debugger is enabled -g ignores initial breakpoint in debuggee -G ignores final breakpoint at process termination -hd specifies that the debug heap should not be used for created processes. This only works on Windows Whistler. -o debugs all processes launched by debuggee -p pid specifies the decimal process Id to attach to -pd specifies that the debugger should automatically detach -pe specifies that any attach should be to an existing debug port -pn name specifies the name of the process to attach to -pt # specifies the interrupt timeout -pv specifies that any attach should be noninvasive -r specifies the (0-3) error level to break on (SeeSetErrorLevel) -robp allows breakpoints to be set in read-only memory -t specifies the (0-3) error level to display (SeeSetErrorLevel) -w specifies to debug 16 bit applications in a separate VDM -x sets second-chance break on AV exceptions -x{e|d|n|i} <event> sets the break status for the specified event -2 creates a separate console window for debuggee -i ImagePath specifies the location of the executables that generated the fault (see _NT_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE_PATH) -lines requests that line number information be used if present -myob ignores version mismatches in DBGHELP.DLL -n enables verbose output from symbol handler -noio disables all I/O for dedicated remoting servers -noshell disables the .shell (!!) command -QR <\\machine> queries for remote servers -s disables lazy symbol loading -ses enables strict symbol loading -sfce fails critical errors encountered during file searching -sicv ignores the CV record when symbol loading -snul disables automatic symbol loading for unqualified names -srcpath <SourcePath> specifies the source search path -v enables verbose output from debugger -wake <pid> wakes up a sleeping debugger and exits -y <SymbolsPath> specifies the symbol search path (see _NT_SYMBOL_PATH) -z <CrashDmpFile> specifies the name of a crash dump file to debug -zp <CrashPageFile> specifies the name of a page.dmp file to use with a crash dump -remote lets you connect to a debugger session started with -server must be the first argument if present transport: tcp | npipe | ssl | spipe | 1394 | com name: machine name on which the debug server was created portid: id of the port the debugger server was created on for tcp use: port=<socket port #> for npipe use: pipe=<name of pipe> for 1394 use: channel=<channel #> for com use: port=<COM port>,baud=<baud rate>, channel=<channel #> for ssl and spipe see the documentation example: ... -remote npipe:server=yourmachine,pipe=foobar -server creates a debugger session other people can connect to must be the first argument if present transport: tcp | npipe | ssl | spipe | 1394 | com portid: id of the port remote users can connect to for tcp use: port=<socket port #> for npipe use: pipe=<name of pipe> for 1394 use: channel=<channel #> for com use: port=<COM port>,baud=<baud rate>, channel=<channel #> for ssl and spipe see the documentation example: ... -server npipe:pipe=foobar -premote transport specifies the process server to connect to transport arguments are given as with remoting Environment Variables: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH= Specify symbol image path. _NT_ALT_SYMBOL_PATH= Specify an alternate symbol image path. _NT_DEBUGGER_EXTENSION_PATH= Specify a path which should be searched first for extensions dlls _NT_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE_PATH= Specify executable image path. _NT_SOURCE_PATH= Specify source file path. _NT_DEBUG_LOG_FILE_OPEN=filename If specified, all output will be written to this file from offset 0. _NT_DEBUG_LOG_FILE_APPEND=filename If specified, all output will be APPENDed to this file. _NT_DEBUG_HISTORY_SIZE=size Specifies the size of a server's output history in kilobytes Control Keys: <Ctrl-B><Enter> Quit debugger <Ctrl-C> Break into Target <Ctrl-F><Enter> Force a break into debuggee (same as Ctrl-C) <Ctrl-P><Enter> Debug Current debugger <Ctrl-V><Enter> Toggle Verbose mode <Ctrl-W><Enter> Print version information