题 目:终极DOS任务
——谈打造超级DOS系统
作 者:赵万成
单 位:东莞市莞城一中
地 址:东莞市学院路
邮 编:523000
个人主页:
http://warmrose.126.com
电子邮件:
warmrose@21cn.com
终极DOS任务
——谈打造超级DOS系统
摘 要: DOS曾经是辉煌多时的操作系统,尽管现在是Windows大放光彩的年代,但DOS依然在发展;而DOS也有其强大的功能,有着其它操作系统尤其是Windows无法取代的特殊作用。本文着重探讨打造一个真正功能强大的、崭新面貌的DOS系统的重要性与实用性,并借此说明:正确对待DOS才是DOS新发展的源动力!
关键词: DOS 新型DOS系统 长文件名 USB 网络管理 NTFS 文件管理 磁盘管理 超级DOS系统
DOS(Disk Operation System:磁盘操作系统)曾经是风行全球的PC机操作系统,只是由于微软的“Windows战略”使得它现在我国几乎成了“被遗忘的一代”了。DOS时代已然过去,这是不争的事实,但DOS并没有因为微软的放弃而从此消失,而是在国内外依然有许多追随者,与Windows相比,DOS操作起来更方便、更快捷、更稳定、更高效,还有Windows系统所不具备的底层及自由开放性。因此,正确对待DOS才是DOS新发展的源动力!最近笔者在“DOS联合论坛”与几位版主和网友们为本人的这个观点进行多次交流与探讨,受益良多,故撰写此文,叙述一下如何打造适合我们使用的超级DOS系统。
关于如何写出这些感想,笔者曾有颇多思虑,最终决定以古龙的武侠名著《七种武器》中武器名称结合DOS的应用这样的形式逐一来说明,以完成终极DOS任务,欢迎大家与笔者联系,共同探讨!
长生剑——新型DOS系统
关于DOS“死刑”的判决书主要有以下几点:不支持长文件名与USB设备、网络能力差、不支持NTFS等等,更要命的是它操作不方便,需记住相当多的命令,使大多数普通用户不敢也不会操作电脑。
只有不断地进取才能获得用户的支持!目前新型的DOS依然是层出不穷,功能强劲。如ROM-DOS、DR-DOS、Free-DOS等,它们大都支持FAT32格式、长文件名,并有一定的网络处理能力,尤其Free-DOS是一个免费系统,目前由世界上许多程序员共同开发,就如Linux一样,相信它将会获得较大的发展。所以,DOS其实并没有死亡,相反在许多方面取得了长足的进步。而新型的DOS系统也一定会在不断前进中进一步扩大生存的空间,得到用户的认可的。
孔雀翎——长文件名的支持
Windows 95推出之后,DOS不支持长文件名的“恶名”也随之产生,因为DOS只支持8.3格式,如果用DOS来查阅Windows的长文件名的话,只能看到类似 program~1.exe的样子,让人感觉不知所云。经过无数程序员的努力后,现在的DOS已完全支持长文件名了,甚至是被微软放弃多年的MS-DOS也照样可以支持,无尾的孔雀终于开屏了!实现的方法主要有以下三种:
1. 新型DOS系统完美支持,如前所述的ROM-DOS等系统,本身已完善对长文件名的支持了;
2. 全新的支持长文件名的DOS命令,比如:Odi's LFN tools软件包,它包含有LDIR、LCD、LCOPY、LREN等命令,并支持FAT32等格式,使用它们就如使用外部命令一样,是我们DOS工具箱中必备的工具;
3. 外挂驱动程序方式,最稳定的当数DOSLFN了,它的使用也相当简单,只需在提示符后输入DOSLFN即可;
三种方法中,个人认为第1种多少与MS-DOS有兼容方面的问题,并不适合在Windows中使用,以免引起不必要的问题;第2种方法只能算是“制标不制本”的方法,但也更方便更容易操作;第3种方法是本人所推荐的,它从根本上解决了任何DOS长文件名的缺陷,而且与Windows全面兼容,使它在处理Windows故障时也不会发生任何错误,唯一不足的它是会占用少量的内存。
碧玉刀——USB的支持
许多人甚至从事电脑工作的朋友都认为:DOS是无法支持USB设备的!USB是一种接口标准,无法支持USB无疑也是许多人放弃DOS的原因,但笔者经过多次测试后,终于可以对大家说:DOS绝对可以支持一些USB设备,而且操作很方便!因为现在有了DUSE 4.4版这把“碧玉刀”!现在笔者就在MSDOS下以该软件驱动爱国者存储王USB硬盘为例,说明一下它的使用方法:
>DUSELDR DUSE.EXE VERBOSE DRIVES=2 XFER=8 SEC=2048 NOCD?
(也可以将DUSE.EXE作为设备放在CONFIG.SYS的DEVICE项中使用)
需要注意的是DUSE的参数比较多且设置较复杂,一旦设置不对,就有可能无法使用USB设备了,对USB硬盘而言,最重要的是SEC值的设定。
当然,不可否认的是并不是所有的USB设备在DOS就可以好好地工作,如USB接口的数码相机就根本无法使用,毕竟DOS下的设备驱动与应用程序的开发还有相当的难度或问题,还要广大的程序员继续完善。
多情环——完善的网络管理能力
网络已成为人类主要的感情联络方式了,更是IT界最重要的主攻方向之一,而早期的DOS时代就已造就了一个曾经的网络巨人:NOVELL!也即是说DOS其实也有完美的网络管理能力,只是在MS-DOS中进行了“屏闭”,微软将眼光放在了全面支持网络的NT系列。在网络管理工作中,经常要碰到了这样那样的问题,如何让DOS来处理呢?主要有以下两者方法:
1) DOS对等网:关于这个方法,笔者喜欢用Netware Lite 1.1这个软件,它是Novell公司推出的一个相当好用的DOS对等网工具,由于篇幅关系,笔者不作详细说明,需注意的是安装时最好选客户机与服务器方式,在使用时最好能了解NOVELL网络NET命令的使用,否则会束手无策的;
2) DOS工作站登录服务器:该方法需要两个软件的支持才行:Microsoft Network Client v3.0 for DOS(MSClient)和MetaFrame的客户端软件ICADOS32,MSClient的功能是连接与共享服务器的资源,而ICADOS32则起到登录服务器的作用。
利用这两种方法,我们都可以方便地实现DOS对网络的管理,利用这些方法笔者不用GHOST的多播方式也实现了远程克隆,有兴趣的不妨一试。
离别钩——NTFS融入DOS怀抱
现在微软力推NT核心构筑的2000与XP系列,NT系列拥有一个全新的NTFS磁盘格式,它更安全、可靠、稳定,但DOS、Win9X系列无法读取,也就是说在DOS或Win9X中根本看不到用NTFS格式化的分区,更逞论操作与使用了。这样做的目的当然会使NT系列更安全一些,但却让我们在NT系列崩溃、无法启动时束手无策……毕竟现在大多数人开始使用Windows XP操作系统了,不过,现在好了,有了NTFS for DOS专业版我们就可以在DOS下操作NTFS格式的文件了,如果NT系列出问题时它提供了一个很好的解决办法。
NTFS for DOS使用相当方便,只要在DOS提示符后输入>ntfspro 回车即可。只是注意它的版本分只读(免费)与可读写(商业软件)版,下载后,将它安装到硬盘中时,还必须将NT系统下的c_1252.nls, c_437.nls,l_intl.nls, ntoskrl.exe,autochk.exe,ntdll.dll,ntfs.sys这7个文件(共3.2M)复制到某个文件夹中,且执行行要加参加/P,最方便的方法是将它们与NTFS for DOS放在一个文件夹中。另外,在ntfspro后输入/?参数可以了解它的一些参数,比如/L可以自定义NT系统盘符。
这是个相当容易使用的软件,但功能强大的它为DOS、Win9x与NT系列搭起了一座桥,让阔别多时的NT重新回到DOS的怀抱中,也为我们处理NT系统故障提供了一个最直接又方便的方法。
霸王枪——内存管理
DOS只能利用640K的基本内存,这也是许多人的看法,当然,DOS由于历史的原因对内存的支持不是很好是事实,好在现在有了QEMM与UMBPCI这两枝“霸王枪”,这两个软件都能取代EMM386.EXE,让DOS充分利用上位内存,以节省本来就少得可怜的基本内存。笔者更推荐使用QEMM,这个软件笔者用了近十年了,发现它的兼容性相当完美,而空出的基本内存可高达630K,更重要的是它会自动进行配置,让用户不用自己动手就可以获得更多的可用内存,而且随着它不断的版本更新,使它与汉字系统相处也相当“融洽”;而UMBPCI相对于QEMM而言会更新一些,功能也略强一些,只是在某些主板上可能有些兼容性问题,但它很小巧,适宜放在启动盘上使用。
拳头——磁盘与文件管理
磁盘与文件的使用是我们平时碰到最多的工作,而磁盘管理方面是DOS的强项,功能比Windows系列强大得多,如分区表、引导区的处理等,操作起来相当方便。当然,DOS本身的FDISK与Format命令功能有限,速度也慢。笔者强烈推荐SPFDISK这个软件,只有100多K,却是分区、快速格式化、多系统管理的极佳工具,它可识别多种格式的分区,如NTFS、ext2等,最重要的是可以在一个硬盘上建立多个系统,相互间没有任何影响,实现了多C盘技术,笔者80G的硬盘中用它安装了Win98SE、Win2000 Server、WinXP、RedHat Linux等几个操作系统,而且软件界面是全中文(繁体)的,笔者认为它比其它的分区与多系统软件强大得多了,也是笔者现在唯一保留的分区工具。
在文件管理方面,首推VC(Volkov Commander)这个软件,目前在网上流传的是4.99免费版,它支持长文件名,双窗口操作,界面与曾经很有名的Norton Commander相似,但功能已完全超越了后者;另外一个是DOS Navigator 2.7版,这也是个免费的版本,功能与VC不相上下。有了这些文件管理“拳头”工具,DOS用起来也就会方便、容易多了。
通过上面的介绍,我想大家会用新的眼光来看待DOS了吧,DOS尽管已然被大多数人弃用,但在实际应用中,如网络管理、磁盘分区、系统崩溃的后处理等常见问题中DOS还发挥着强大的无可替代的作用!笔者经常在校园网管理中碰到电脑或网络系统出现的各种问题甚至完全崩溃的情形,如何方便快捷地解决这些故障呢,经过多次探索,打造出了一个超级DOS系统,给解决实际问题起到事半功倍的效果。该系统刻在笔者的拯救光盘上,现在笔者就将思路做一个简单的总结:
1) 用Format a:/s来建立Win98SE的启动盘(DOS7.0),并拷贝一些常用的工具和驱动程序,如smartdrv.exe、himem.sys、cdrom与鼠标驱动等;这些文件可用其它工具软件来替代,不过,我个人认为微软的这些文件兼容性方面做得较好一些;
2) 长文件名的支持:DOSLFN、LFNTOOLS;
3) USB硬盘的支持,当然的DUSE,还可以选一个USBCDROM;
4) NTFS的支持:NTFS for DOS以及相关文件;
5) 网络的支持:MSClient、ICADOS32、NWLite、IPXCOPY.EXE等;
6) 磁盘工具:SPFDISK、PartitionMagic for DOS 8.0、NDD 2002等;
7) 文件工具:VC或者DN二者选一;
8) 其它软件:解压缩工具RAR、UNDISKP等;
其实DOS下还有许多很好的软件,功能与操作性并不一定比Windows的差,只是我觉得这个超级DOS系统的主要目的是用来作“善后”工作的,所以,装一些相关的工具就够了。
最后的话:DOS是一个小巧的操作系统,运行快捷、效率颇高,目前还有许许多多的程序员为它增加各种功能、完善它的性能、解决它的缺陷,我们在实际工作中好好利用它的话也能获得更好、更快的效果,所以,正确对待DOS就是要充分利用DOS来完成我们的工作,DOS可以胜任许多任务,关键在于用户如何应用它,正如武林高手也会有一件称心的兵器一样,希望大家好好地利用DOS这个花费不多的DOS兵器完成多种终极任务。
Title: Ultimate DOS Mission
——On Building a Super DOS System
Author: Zhao Wancheng
Unit: Dongguan Guancheng No.1 Middle School
Address: Xueyuan Road, Dongguan
Postcode: 523000
Personal Homepage:
http://warmrose.126.com
E-mail:
warmrose@21cn.com
Ultimate DOS Mission
——On Building a Super DOS System
Abstract: DOS was once a glorious operating system. Although it is now an era when Windows shines brightly, DOS is still developing; and DOS also has its powerful functions and special roles that other operating systems, especially Windows, cannot replace. This article focuses on exploring the importance and practicality of building a truly powerful and brand-new DOS system, and hereby illustrates that treating DOS correctly is the driving force for the new development of DOS!
Keywords: DOS; New-type DOS system; Long file names; USB; Network management; NTFS; File management; Disk management; Super DOS system
DOS (Disk Operation System) was once a popular PC operating system in the world. Just because of Microsoft's "Windows strategy", it has almost become "the forgotten generation" in our country now. The era of DOS has passed, which is an undeniable fact, but DOS has not disappeared since Microsoft gave up. Instead, there are still many followers at home and abroad. Compared with Windows, DOS is more convenient, faster, more stable, and more efficient to operate, and it also has the underlying and free openness that Windows systems do not have. Therefore, treating DOS correctly is the driving force for the new development of DOS! Recently, the author has had many exchanges and discussions with several forum moderators and netizens on this view on the "DOS Union Forum" and has benefited a lot. Therefore, this article is written to describe how to build a super DOS system suitable for our use.
Regarding how to write these feelings, the author has had a lot of considerations. Finally, he decided to use the names of weapons in Gu Long's famous martial arts novel "Seven Weapons" combined with the application of DOS in this form one by one to illustrate, so as to complete the ultimate DOS mission. Everyone is welcome to contact the author to discuss together!
The Everlasting Sword - New-type DOS System
The main judgments on the "death sentence" of DOS are as follows: it does not support long file names and USB devices, has poor network capabilities, does not support NTFS, etc. What's more, it is inconvenient to operate, and users need to remember quite a lot of commands, which makes most ordinary users dare not and will not operate the computer.
Only by constantly making progress can we gain the support of users! Currently, new-type DOS is still emerging in an endless stream and has powerful functions. For example, ROM-DOS, DR-DOS, Free-DOS, etc. Most of them support the FAT32 format, long file names, and have certain network processing capabilities. In particular, Free-DOS is a free system, which is currently developed by many programmers in the world. Just like Linux, it is believed that it will achieve relatively large development. Therefore, DOS is actually not dead. On the contrary, it has made considerable progress in many aspects. And the new-type DOS system will definitely further expand its living space and be recognized by users in continuous progress.
The Peacock Feather - Support for Long File Names
After Windows 95 was launched, the "bad reputation" that DOS does not support long file names also came into being, because DOS only supports the 8.3 format. If you use DOS to view the long file names of Windows, you can only see something like program~1.exe, which makes people feel confused. After the efforts of countless programmers, DOS can now fully support long file names. Even MS-DOS, which has been abandoned by Microsoft for many years, can support long file names. The peacock without a tail finally spreads its feathers! The main methods to achieve this are as follows:
1. New-type DOS systems perfectly support long file names. For example, the systems such as ROM-DOS mentioned above already have perfect support for long file names by themselves;
2. Brand-new DOS commands that support long file names. For example, the Odi's LFN tools software package, which contains commands such as LDIR, LCD, LCOPY, LREN, etc., and supports the FAT32 format, etc. Using them is like using external commands, which are essential tools in our DOS toolbox;
3. The method of external drive programs. The most stable one is DOSLFN, and its use is also quite simple. You only need to enter DOSLFN after the prompt;
Among the three methods, personally, it is considered that the first method has more or less compatibility problems with MS-DOS and is not suitable for use in Windows to avoid unnecessary problems; the second method can only be regarded as a "treating the symptoms but not the root cause" method, but it is also more convenient and easier to operate; the third method is the one recommended by the author. It fundamentally solves the defects of any DOS long file names, and is fully compatible with Windows, so that no errors will occur when it handles Windows failures. The only shortcoming is that it will occupy a small amount of memory.
The Jade Saber - Support for USB
Many people, even friends engaged in computer work, think that DOS cannot support USB devices! USB is an interface standard, and the inability to support USB is also one of the reasons why many people give up DOS. But after the author has conducted many tests, he can finally tell everyone: DOS can definitely support some USB devices, and the operation is quite convenient! Because now there is the DUSE 4.4 version, this "Jade Saber"! Now the author is taking the Patriot Storage King USB hard disk as an example under MSDOS to illustrate its use method:
>DUSELDR DUSE.EXE VERBOSE DRIVES=2 XFER=8 SEC=2048 NOCD?
(The DUSE.EXE can also be placed as a device in the DEVICE item of CONFIG.SYS for use)
It should be noted that the parameters of DUSE are relatively many and the setting is relatively complicated. Once the setting is incorrect, it may be impossible to use USB devices. For USB hard disks, the setting of the SEC value is the most important.
Of course, it is undeniable that not all USB devices can work well under DOS. For example, USB interface digital cameras cannot be used at all. After all, there are still quite a lot of difficulties or problems in the development of device drivers and application programs under DOS, and it is still necessary for the majority of programmers to continue to improve.
The Affectionate Ring - Perfect Network Management Capability
The network has become the main way for human emotional communication, and it is also one of the most important main attack directions in the IT industry. In the early DOS era, it has created a former network giant: NOVELL! That is to say, DOS actually also has perfect network management capabilities, but it was "blocked" in MS-DOS. Microsoft has focused its eyes on the NT series that fully supports the network. In network management work, various problems are often encountered. How to let DOS handle them? There are mainly the following two methods:
1) DOS peer-to-peer network: Regarding this method, the author likes to use the Netware Lite 1.1 software. It is a very easy-to-use DOS peer-to-peer network tool launched by Novell. Due to space limitations, the author will not make a detailed description. It should be noted that it is best to select the client and server methods during installation, and it is best to understand the use of the NOVELL network NET command during use, otherwise one will be at a loss;
2) DOS workstation logging in to the server: This method requires the support of two software: Microsoft Network Client v3.0 for DOS (MSClient) and the client software ICADOS32 of MetaFrame. The function of MSClient is to connect and share the resources of the server, and ICADOS32 plays the role of logging in to the server.
Using these two methods, we can all conveniently realize the network management of DOS. Using these methods, the author has also realized remote cloning without using the multicast method of GHOST. Those who are interested may as well have a try.
The Parting Hook - NTFS Integrating into the DOS Embrace
Now Microsoft is vigorously promoting the 2000 and XP series constructed by the NT core. The NT series has a brand-new NTFS disk format, which is more secure, reliable, and stable, but DOS and Win9X series cannot read it. That is to say, in DOS or Win9X, the partitions formatted with NTFS cannot be seen at all, let alone operated and used. The purpose of doing this will of course make the NT series more secure, but it makes us at a loss when the NT series crashes and cannot start... After all, most people are now using the Windows XP operating system. However, now it is good. With the professional version of NTFS for DOS, we can operate the files in the NTFS format under DOS. When the NT series has problems, it provides a very good solution.
NTFS for DOS is quite easy to use. You only need to enter >ntfspro after the DOS prompt and press Enter. Just note that its versions are divided into read-only (free) and read-write (commercial software) versions. After downloading, when installing it on the hard disk, you must also copy the 7 files (totally 3.2M) of c_1252.nls, c_437.nls, l_intl.nls, ntoskrl.exe, autochk.exe, ntdll.dll, ntfs.sys under the NT system to a certain folder, and the execution line must be added with the parameter /P. The most convenient method is to put them in the same folder as NTFS for DOS. In addition, entering the /? parameter after ntfspro can understand some of its parameters, such as /L can customize the NT system drive letter.
This is a very easy-to-use software, but it is powerful. It builds a bridge between DOS, Win9x, and the NT series, bringing the long-lost NT back to the DOS embrace, and also provides a most direct and convenient method for us to handle NT system failures.
The Overlord Spear - Memory Management
DOS can only use 640K of basic memory. This is also the view of many people. Of course, it is a fact that DOS has not supported memory well due to historical reasons. Fortunately, now there are these two "Overlord Spears", QEMM and UMBPCI. Both of these software can replace EMM386.EXE, allowing DOS to make full use of the upper memory to save the already pitifully small basic memory. The author more recommends using QEMM. The author has used this software for nearly ten years and finds that its compatibility is quite perfect. The freed basic memory can be as high as 630K. What's more important is that it will automatically configure, so that users can obtain more available memory without doing it themselves. And with its continuous version updates, it gets along quite "harmoniously" with the Chinese character system; while UMBPCI is more updated and slightly stronger in function compared with QEMM. However, there may be some compatibility problems on some motherboards, but it is very small and suitable for use on boot disks.
The Fist - Disk and File Management
The use of disks and files is the most common work we encounter in our daily life, and disk management is the strong point of DOS, which is much more powerful than the Windows series, such as the processing of partition tables and boot sectors, etc., and it is quite convenient to operate. Of course, the FDISK and Format commands of DOS itself have limited functions and slow speed. The author strongly recommends the SPFDISK software. It is only more than 100K, but it is an excellent tool for partitioning, quick formatting, and multi-system management. It can recognize partitions of various formats, such as NTFS, ext2, etc. The most important thing is that multiple systems can be established on one hard disk, which do not affect each other, realizing the multi-C drive technology. The author has installed several operating systems such as Win98SE, Win2000 Server, WinXP, RedHat Linux on his 80G hard disk with it. Moreover, the software interface is all in Chinese (traditional). The author thinks that it is much more powerful than other partitioning and multi-system software, and it is also the only partitioning tool that the author currently retains.
In terms of file management, the first choice is the VC (Volkov Commander) software. The 4.99 free version is currently spread on the Internet. It supports long file names, double-window operation, and the interface is similar to the once very famous Norton Commander, but the function has completely surpassed the latter; another one is the DOS Navigator 2.7 version, which is also a free version, and the function is comparable to VC. With these "fist" tools for file management, DOS will be more convenient and easier to use.
Through the above introduction, I think everyone will view DOS with a new perspective. Although DOS has been abandoned by most people, in practical applications, such as network management, disk partitioning, post-processing of system crashes, etc., DOS still plays a powerful and irreplaceable role! The author often encounters various problems or even complete crashes of computers or network systems in campus network management. How to solve these failures conveniently and quickly? After many explorations, a super DOS system has been built, which has a multiplier effect on solving practical problems. This system is engraved on the author's rescue CD. Now the author will simply summarize the ideas:
1) Use Format a:/s to build a Win98SE boot disk (DOS7.0), and copy some commonly used tools and drivers, such as smartdrv.exe, himem.sys, cdrom and mouse drivers, etc.; these files can be replaced by other tool software. However, the author personally thinks that Microsoft's these files have better compatibility;
2) Support for long file names: DOSLFN, LFNTOOLS;
3) Support for USB hard disks: of course DUSE, and a USBCDROM can also be selected;
4) Support for NTFS: NTFS for DOS and related files;
5) Support for network: MSClient, ICADOS32, NWLite, IPXCOPY.EXE, etc.;
6) Disk tools: SPFDISK, PartitionMagic for DOS 8.0, NDD 2002, etc.;
7) File tools: either VC or DN;
8) Other software: decompression tools RAR, UNDISKP, etc.;
In fact, there are many good software under DOS, and the functions and operability are not necessarily worse than those of Windows. However, the author thinks that the main purpose of this super DOS system is to be used for "after-sales" work, so it is enough to install some related tools.
Final Words: DOS is a compact operating system, running quickly and with relatively high efficiency. Currently, there are still many programmers adding various functions to it, improving its performance, and solving its defects. If we make good use of it in practical work, we can also obtain better and faster results. Therefore, treating DOS correctly means making full use of DOS to complete our work. DOS can be competent for many tasks. The key lies in how users apply it. Just as a martial arts master will have a satisfactory weapon, I hope everyone can make good use of this inexpensive DOS weapon to complete various ultimate missions.